The invention belongs to the technical field of a database, and discloses a gray-code-based distributed data layout method. The method comprises the steps of: dividing a range of each attribute into a plurality of equal portions; encoding according to a gray code order; marking a certain attribute value of a tuple comprising a plurality of attributes through the gray codes of the equal portions of the attribute value, namely an index code of the attribute value; forming an index key value of the tuple by mixing the index code of each attribute value in the tuple, wherein the tuple achieves the distributed data layout according to the order of the gray codes, the distributed data layout is deployed on a distributed system, the bitmap index of content perception is achieved at a host computer terminal of the system and the content perception is stored in a file name, and physical storage of data and statistical index of the data are achieved on a slave terminal of the system. The invention also discloses a query method employing the database formed by means of the method. The data layout obtained by the method can meet the requirements of data processing such as exact matching search, range search, multi-dimensional search, multi-attribute search and aggregated analysis, and the method is high in disc access efficiency.