238 results about "Annual average" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for forecasting optical output power and electric energy production of a photovoltaic power station, belonging to the technical field of power generation and distribution. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: on-site data acquisition-comparison with historic data-output of the forecasting result. The forecasting accuracy is so accurate that annual average between the forecasting result and actual result is no more than 5%; short-time forecasting, daily forecasting, weekly forecasting, monthly forecasting and annual forecasting can be carried out; as far as power grid dispatching is concerned, starting-up mode and operation mode of the photovoltaic power station and a conventional power station in a certain period can be reasonably arranged according to the forecasting, so that the power grid can operate stably, electric energy production of the photovoltaic power station can be improved, technical evidence and theoretic guidance can be provided for establishment of the large capacity photovoltaic power station, safe and efficient operation of the photovoltaic power station can be ensured and smooth implementation of national new energy strategy can be facilitated.

The invention discloses a blower fan load high-efficiency assessment system. The blower fan load high-efficiency assessment system includes a querying module of a load simulation database, wherein the querying module can query and manage simulation input data and load data of all types of research and development machines, such as a unit boundary condition, tower size, blade design data, a complete machine Bladed model, and load data of main parts, blades, and a tower; a load comparison and sensitivity analysis module which can perform comparison analysis on boundary conditions, main part loads, and blade and tower loads of different projects, and perform sensitivity analysis on loads of identical projects with different boundary conditions; and a unit load strength applicability assessment module which can interpolation-calculate a load corresponding to a specific site based on mass load simulation data change for boundary condition parameters such as the air density, the annual average wind speed, the turbulence intensity, wind shear, and the inflow angle, and can perform strength assessment on parts according to strength assessment margin of a reference project. The blower fan load high-efficiency assessment system can improve the calculation efficiency of a blower fan generator unit load, can shorten the life period, and can save cost.

The invention provides a reliability evaluation method for an active power distribution network based on switch boundary subarea division. The reliability evaluation method comprises dividing the area containing the active power distribution network into nine subareas according to the installation positions of switches; according to reliability calculating expressions corresponding to different fault subareas, calculating the duration of power interruption, which is caused by a fault point corresponding to a feeder line of a fault, of a load point, the calculation comprising: calculating the interruption fault rate and interruption duration of the fault point in areas without power supply of a distributed power source, and calculating the interruption fault rate and interruption duration of the fault point in areas with power supply of the distributed power source; and measuring system reliability through calculating annual fault interruption rate and annual average interruption time of the load point, specially, measuring system reliability by adopting a system average interruption frequency index SAIFI and a system average interruption duration index SAIDI. The method of the invention reduces analysis amount, can accurately evaluate reliability of the power distribution network containing a distributed power source and provides reliability evaluation basis for development of Chinese active power distribution networks in the future.

The invention relates to a method for determining the sheltering of a solar cell array during the in-orbit running of a satellite and the application of the method. The method comprises the following steps of: making researches on solar illumination angle annual average change rules of a satellite orbit and the conditions of change of solar elevation along with the latitude during the in-orbit running of the satellite, judging whether the solar cell array of the satellite is sheltered or not by star, combining the configuration characteristics of the satellite, calculating a sheltered area, and obtaining the change trends of the sheltered area within one orbit and a year, so that the problem of abnormal charging array current caused by the sheltering of the solar cell array during the in-orbit running of the satellite can be solved according to results, and the problem of the optimal design of a cell distribution mode for solar cells of the satellite is also solved. The configuration design rationality of a spacecraft such as the satellite adopting the solar cell array as a main energy supply is improved, the utilization efficiency of the solar cells is improved, and good effects are achieved. The application has the advantages of lowering the cost of the cells of the spacecraft, improving the effective power supply capability of the spacecraft, improving the performance of the spacecraft, and the like.

The invention relates to a cost benefit analysis method of a renewable energy source distributed generation operation mode. The method comprises the following steps: determining all operation modes of the renewable energy source distributed generation; performing match analysis on the distributed contribution and a load curve, and determining different types of electric quantity; determining property right demarcation points, boundary conditions and calculation parameters of the distributed generation under different operation modes; determining the expense composition and income composition of the distributed generation in the whole life cycle under different operation modes; determining the total expense present value, annual average expense present value, total income present value and annual average income present value of the distributed generation in the whole life cycle under different operation modes; determining the benefit/cost value PI of the distributed generation in the whole life cycle under different operation modes; and selecting the scheme with the greatest benefit/cost value, and determining the optimal operation mode of the distributed generation. The method provided by the invention lays a firm theoretical foundation for making supporting policies for the renewable energy source distributed generation and distribution network.

The invention discloses an analysis and calculation method for orbital shading of a geostationary orbit satellite solar cell array and relates to the field of the space technology. The method includes the steps of 1, analyzing annual average change rules of solar illumination angle of a geostationary orbit satellite; 2, analyzing change rules of orbital shading of the satellite solar cell array by stars; 3, calculating and simulating orbital shade area of the cell array according to the analysis results. The analysis and calculation method has the advantage that the basis for the design of solar cell array substrate configuration is provided.

The invention discloses a remote-sensing-based method for estimating influences of area vegetation cover on the earth surface air temperature, and relates to a method for simulating the influences of area vegetation cover on the earth surface air temperature. The method aims at solving the problem that existing research related to the feedback of vegetation to climate can not be combined with changes of vegetation cover along with time, and includes the steps of 1, obtaining data of a cover research area, and carrying out preprocessing; 2, extracting the distribution of a certain vegetation type without land use changes within a research time period; 3, achieving anomaly processing of data of earth-surface air temperature observing lattice points; 4, obtaining OMR air temperature values of the lattice points; 5, rasterizing OMR air temperature data; 6, calculating pixel NDVI change trend values and pixel OMR air temperature change trend values; 7, extracting NDVI annual average values, the NDVI change trend values and the OMR air temperature change trend values of all pixels within the whole research time period; 8, building an OMR air temperature forecasting model. The remote-sensing-based method is applied to the field of eco-climate researching.

The invention discloses a screening and domesticating method of a composite microbial system for low-temperature degradation of straws. The screening and domesticating method comprises the steps of acquiring a natural material sample rich in cellulose in an alpine area in which the annual average temperature is -0.6-8 DEG C, carrying out enrichment culture on a cellulose degradation microbial system, then carrying out restrictive subculture preliminary screening, low-temperature gradient induced domestication and cellulase enzyme activity re-screening, and then carrying out low-temperature multi-generation restrictive carbon source subculture domestication to obtain the composite microbial system for low-temperature degradation of straws. The screening and domesticating method can be used for screening and domesticating the composite microbial system for high-efficiency degradation of straws at low temperature and has an important meaning in field returning and utilization of straw resources in the northern area.

An industrial recirculating-cooling-water-system annual average cooling energy efficiency ratio energy consumption integration evaluation index and a method thereof belong to the industrial energy saving and emission reduction technology field. In the invention, a recirculating-cooling-water-system cooling energy efficiency ratio and an annual average cooling energy efficiency ratio are provided and a calculating formula is given out. Different energy consumption indexes of a plurality of conditions of a recirculating cooling water system under a certain environment are calculated, compared and analyzed. The annual average cooling energy efficiency ratios of a whole year in a plurality of schemes of the recirculating cooling water system are calculated and compared. Through theorical analysis and an example, the annual average cooling energy efficiency ratio can comprehensively reflect energy consumption and energy utilization conditions of each link of the industrial recirculating cooling water system in all the periods of the year, is the energy consumption integration evaluation index and is used for reasonably evaluating an industrial recirculating cooling water system energy consumption condition. A principle and a method of determining an industrial recirculating cooling water system energy efficiency rate and an acceptance standard are provided. The invention provides the annual average cooling energy efficiency ratio energy consumption integration evaluation index and the method, a design and an operation level of the industrial recirculating cooling water system can be increased, and system energy consumption and operation cost are greatly saved.

The invention discloses a solar power generation capacity prediction method for a photovoltaic power station. The method includes the steps of firstly, calculating the annual average peak sunshine hours of recent years of the region where the photovoltaic power station is located and the installed capacity of the photovoltaic power station; secondly, calculating the solar power generation capacity Wn of the nth year of the photovoltaic power station and the total solar power generation capacity Wtotal of set years of the photovoltaic power station according to the annual average peak sunshine hours, the installed capacity and photovoltaic module attenuation rates. The method has the advantages that the method is applicable to various regions and meteorological conditions, the generated daily average irradiance of each month, annular average irradiance, installed capacity, annual solar power generation capacity in N years and total solar power generation capacity are representative, solar irradiation data accuracy of regions away from a local solar irradiation observation station or regions without a solar irradiation observation station is increased, and prediction and evaluation results are objective and reasonable.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the economic operation year range of a transformer substation. According to an original fault rate model based on Weibull distribution or index distribution, only the service age is taken as the variable, various other factors influencing the fault rate of the transformer substation are not considered, and thus the original fault rate model is not suitable for being taken as a model for predicting the fault rate of the transformer substation. According to the method for evaluating the economic operation year range of the transformer substation, the transformer substation is evaluated comprehensively in the aspects of the operating environment and the quality condition, the influence of the two factors on the defect-level fault rate, the invalid-level fault rate and the accident-level fault rate of the transformer substation is analyzed by means of a least square support vector machine under the condition that the different operating times of the transformer substation are considered, the annual maintenance cost range and the fault cost range of the transformer substation under the conditions of the three types of fault rates are obtained by combining the interval analysis method and the whole life cycle cost theory, and finally the operating year range in which the annual average cost of the transformer substation is lowest is taken as the economic operation year range of the transformer substation. The method can provide beneficial guidance for decisions such as power grid planning and transformer substation transformation.

The invention discloses a breeding method for a high-quality and high-yield white goose. The breeding method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting an individual of a Chinese local goose species with high growth speed, clean and white feather, protruding head sarcoma, tidy and consistent shape and appearance and well-proportioned constitution as a second male parent of a synthetic line; (2) selecting an individual of a Chinese local goose species with clean and white feather, low female goose broodiness, superior egg producing performance, annual average yield of more than 70 eggs and good combining ability as a first female parent of the synthetic line; (3) selecting an individual of a Chinese local goose species with obvious sarcoma, clean and white feather of the whole body, mixed feather rate of less than 5 percent, annual average yield of more than 40 eggs and high early growth speed as a first male parent of the synthetic line; (4) hybridizing the male goose of the first male parent and the high egg productivity strain female goose in a matching way to form a second female parent of the synthetic line, and selecting the female goose with white feather, high egg productivity, high growth speed and high uniformity to reserve species; and (5) hybridizing the male goose of the second male parent and the female goose of the second female parent, and breeding the synthetic line with high meat productivity and high egg productivity.

The present invention discloses a hybrid energy storage capacity optimization configuration method in grid connected wind-solar generation. The energy management strategy is determined that storage battery work state optimization is taken as a principle and improving the system integration economical efficiency is taken as a target, based on the energy management strategy, the calculating flow of the energy loss rate and the energy deletion rate of the grid connected wind-solar generation system is analyzed, according to a total life-cycle cost theory, an annual average cost function expression of the energy storage device is built, and an energy storage capacity optimization configuration model taking the minimum function value as the target and taking the operation indexes such as the energy loss rate and the energy deletion as a constraint is built, and finally the optimization configuration model is solved by employing an improved chaotic optimization algorithm. The improved chaotic optimization algorithm employs the chaotic motion with ergodicity, randomness and regularity so as to effectively complete the calculation of the complex non-linear optimization configuration model.

The invention provides an offshore wind resource assessment method based on a Monte Carlo operation and maintenance simulation model. The method comprises the following steps that research-stage data of an offshore wind power farm is obtained; vertical change rule and day and night change rule of the wind speed are researched; a stormy wave coupling empirical formula of the lowest square error is selected; the annual average fault rate of an aerogenerator to be used is calculated; the time limit of simulation operation, the distance between an operation center and the wind farm and the candidate parameter of approach technology are input; algorithm parameters are initialized; the wind speed, effective wave height and fault random number that satisfy distribution characteristic of each time are generated; generated faults are arranged in a fault preparation queue; preparation time for fault processing is generated, and faults prepared to be completed are arranged in a fault maintenance queue; the time window of the current data is calculated, the feasibility and validity of offshore maintenance are determined, and faults in an optimal scheme are placed in an offshore queue; generating capacity loss in the offshore queue is calculated and stored, and the faults are removed from the offshore queue; the networking electric quantity of the operation aerogenerator in the current data is calculated, and increment is implemented in the current date; and when the current data equals an operation year, the networking electric quality and the total loss of electric quantity are calculated.

The invention discloses a river ecological flow calculation method. The method comprises the steps of collecting long-series day-by-day flow data of a river hydrological survey station, counting annual average flow, arranging the annual average flow as a data series according to a descending order no matter what the annual sequence is, calculating an experience frequency greater than or equal to the corresponding annual average flow in the series, and plotting an experience frequency point data graph on frequency grid paper; selecting a hydrological frequency distribution line type as PearsonIII type distribution; estimating initial estimation values of an average flow mean value and a deviation coefficient by using a moment method, calculating flow values corresponding to different accumulated frequencies, drawing a Pearson III-type theoretical frequency curve, judging a fitting condition of the Pearson III-type theoretical frequency curve and experience point data, and if the Pearson III-type theoretical frequency curve is matched with the experience point data, taking a parameter corresponding to the curve as an estimation value of an overall parameter; and finally, solving a flow value of 90% guarantee rate on the Pearson III-type theoretical frequency curve, namely the river ecological flow. The lower end or the upper end of the empirical frequency curve can be extended,and the defect of no actual measurement point data is overcome.

The invention discloses a spatial simulation method for plant species richness distribution. The method is implemented by mainly comprising the three steps of firstly, on the basis of collecting and preprocessing natural reserve plant species data, land utilization/coverage data, annual average biological temperature and precipitation data, DEM data and soil data of a research area, realizing spatial processing and statistical analysis of parameter factors; secondly, establishing optimal equations of correlation between plant species richness and three major habitat factors including a land utilization/coverage area, an environmental factor and a land utilization/coverage type structure index; and finally, realizing comprehensive integration of the optimal correlation equations of the three major factors, constructing the spatial simulation method for the plant species richness, and realizing spatial simulation analysis of the plant species richness. The method not only can realize spatial distribution simulation of the plant species richness in a meso-macro-scale but also has very high simulation precision and very high operability.

The invention discloses a method for predicting corrosion life of transmission line hardware in coastal regions. The method comprises the following steps: (1) sampling hardware replaced from a transmission line; (2) connecting a copper wire, and packaging an epoxy resin; (3) cleaning the outer surface of the sample; (4) calculating the annual average value of chlorine ion content in local rainwater; (5) preparing a simulated salt fog solution; (6) testing the sample in a three-electrode system electrolytic cell; (7) drawing a potentiodynamic polarization curve; (8) testing to obtain the simulated salt fog corrosion current density; (9) acquiring the annual average rainfall days; (10) calculating the medium/long-term annual average corrosion depth rate; (11) measuring a thickness average value of a galvanizing layer; and (12) acquiring the residual corrosion life of the galvanizing layer. According to the method, the traditional restriction is broken, and the galvanizing thickness on the surface of the hardware is measured, so that the corrosion rate and life of the transmission line hardware in coastal regions is evaluated, and rapidness and accuracy are realized and the practicality is high.

The invention aims at providing a wind turbine generator system low-wind-speed airfoil section family. The airfoil section family is mainly used for the area with the low wind speed of 5 m/s to 7.5 m/s and is composed of six airfoil sections including the first airfoil section, the second airfoil section, the third airfoil section, the fourth airfoil section, the fifth airfoil section and the sixth airfoil section, wherein the maximum relative thicknesses of the airfoil sections are different, the maximum relative thicknesses of the first airfoil section, the second airfoil section, the third airfoil section, the fourth airfoil section, the fifth airfoil section and the sixth airfoil section each range from 15% to 35% from the blade tip portions to the blade root portions, and each airfoil section comprises an S-shaped pressure face. All the airfoil sections are blunt trailing edges. The design Reynolds number of each airfoil section is 1*10<6> to 4*10<6>. The design attack angle of each airfoil section is 6 degrees or 7 degrees. The airfoil section family is mainly used for most of the regions, with the wind power density level of 2 to 4 and the annual average wind speed of the 50-meter-high position ranging from 6.4 m/s to 7.5 m/s, in inland China, and the wind energy utilization rate of blades in low-wind-speed areas can be increased.

The invention discloses a power capacity allocation method of a grid-connected microgrid. The method comprises the steps of (A) building a wind turbine model, a photovoltaic cell model and a storage battery model in the grid-connected microgrid; (B) building a capacity design optimization objective function model, wherein a capacity design optimization objective function comprises annual average composite cost C<ACT> and a self-equilibrium coefficient SSR; (C) solving the capacity design optimization objective function by using a stochastic simulation-based NSGA-II algorithm to obtain a pareto frontier; and (D) selecting a preferred plan meeting the design requirements from the pareto frontier by using a utility theory. According to the power capacity allocation method, the economy and the self-powered capability are taken into account while the wind and light output uncertainty is considered, and the optimum numbers of wind turbines, photovoltaic cells and storage batteries can be determined according to the design requirements.

The present invention provides a probability weighting FDC method-based river ecological water demand calculation method. The method comprises the steps of performing frequency analysis on runoff data series, and dividing an annual average runoff series and a monthly average runoff series into a flood season group, an ordinary season group and a dry season group; building a daily flow duration curve for the flood season group, the ordinary season group and the dry season group of each month, selecting flows corresponding to 90% durations as ecological water demand, and calculating monthly ecological water demand of an initial typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season; building joint distribution of annual and monthly water probability by using a Copula function, and calculating a probability weight; and calculating monthly ecological water demand of a final typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season by using the calculated monthly ecological water demand of the initial typical year of the flood season, the ordinary season and the dry season and the probability weight. A new technological solution is provided for quantitative analysis of the river ecological water demand, the probability weight concept and the calculation method are raised for the first time, and a more reasonable river ecological water demand result is obtained on the basis of a flow duration curve method by calculating condition probabilities of annual and monthly flood seasons, ordinary seasons and dry seasons.

The invention provides a grain and feed two-harvest per year corn culture method, which comprises the following culture steps of planting first crop of grain corn: selecting the corn variety before the seeding; performing land preparation seeding including base fertilizer application, land flattening and seed preparation; performing film mulching and seeding when the soil temperature in a position being 5 to 10 cm is stabilized at 10 to 12 DEG C; performing field management including seedling checking and seeding supplementation, cultivating and weeding, drip irrigation water and fertilizer management and plant diseases and insect pest prevention and control; performing harvesting; planting second crop feed corn: selecting the corn variety before the seeding; performing land preparation seeding including instant fertilization and land preparation after the harvesting of the former crop of grain corn and feed corn seeding; performing field management including final thinning, cultivating and weeding, water and fertilizer management, plant diseases and insect pest prevention and control; performing harvesting. The method provided by the invention is suitable for wide areas of south Xinjiang in Xinjiang region with the annual average temperature being higher than 10 DEG C, the accumulation temperature exceeding 4100 DEG C and the frost-free period exceeding 210 days. The method provided by the invention is suitable for large-range specified planting and has the advantages that the management is convenient; the production cost is reduced; the region light and heat resources are sufficiently used; the production efficiency and the benefits are improved; the grain and feed production can be ensured; the grain and livestock industry development can be promoted.

The invention determines a construction method suitable for a streamside plant structure in a northern cold region. The construction method includes the steps of: selecting a region with annual average temperature of 4-10 degrees and temperate continental climate as a respondent, and a streamside of a natural protection area with rich vegetation as a research site, determining corresponding streamside plant species, determining varieties and quantities of arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plants and aquatic plants, planting one kind of arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plants and aquatic plants at the streamside or sequentially planting the arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plants and aquatic plants at the streamside in a mixed manner; the various plants are planted at the soft river bank, which is sandy river bank or sludge river bank, according to a certain proportion and a certain gradient. Farmland drainage involved in the streamside region is introduced into the streamside, and flows into the river after being purified by the streamside. The monitoring results show that the streamside has good removal effect to SS and nitrogen and phosphorus.