610 results about "Cellulose degradation" patented technology

Novel compositions and methods useful for genetic engineering of plant cells to provide expression in the plastids of a plant or plant cell of cellulose degrading enzymes.

Transgenic plants which express cellulose-degrading enzymes, methods to make the transgenic plants, and methods to use the cellulose-degrading enzymes produced by the transgenic plants are disclosed.

The invention discloses an hydrolyzed puffing forage and preparation method thereof. The method comprises: choosing the plants with high wood-fiber content such as straw, cereal shell, corn core, coconut cover, palm leaf, wood/bamboo scraps, bagasse, herbage rhizome and weed, performing hydrolysis and puffing treatment for destroying the encapsulation effect of lignin to hemicellulose and cellulose, degrading the hemicellulose and cellulose into small molecule soluble sugar, and continuously extruding and puffing by force. The continuous forced feeding and discharging technology realizes stable transitions between different pressures. The invention increases digestion rate greatly, can substitute part of corn and wheat bran, and can be prepared into complete feeds for different birds or animals in different growth stages by adding protein forage, salt, vitamin, mineral elements and aminating agent. The hydrolyzed puffing forage of the present invention has similar digestion rate with the conventional grain forage and sweeter taste, reduces cost greatly, alleviates the grain shortage difficulty, and is suitable for pig, cattle, sheep, chicken, duck, goose, rabbit and specially raised pets.

The invention relates to a compound microbial agent which comprises compound bacteria for decomposing kitchen wastes and auxiliary materials for solid fermentation, wherein the compound bacteria comprise 10-15 parts of cellulose degradation bacteria, 15-30 parts of starch degradation bacteria, 15-20 parts of protein degradation bacteria, 15-20 parts of grease degradation bacteria, 10-15 parts of bacillus subtilis and 5-15 parts of pseudomonas aeruginosa; the auxiliary materials comprise 50-60 kg of wheat bran, 15-20 kg of bean pulp, 0.4-0.6 kg of magnesium sulfate, 0.4-0.6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.2 kg of disodium hydrogen phosphate and 8-10 kg of glucose. The inoculation amount of the compound bacteria in the auxiliary materials is 0.8%-1%, and the compound bacteria is subjected to solid fermentation to obtain the compound microbial agent. The compound microbial agent has a good decomposing effect on greases, proteins and fiber substances and can be tolerant to salt with a certain concentration; optimally, the degradation rate can reach more than 90%.

The invention discloses a microbial inoculum for decomposing lignocellulose and application thereof. The active component of the microbial inoculum consists of Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Clostridium lentocellum, Flavobacterium aquatile, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Experiments prove that the microbial inoculum has high degradation rate to the lignocellulose, and the degradation rate can reach between 60 and 70 percent. The microbial inoculum has low cost and simple preparation, breaks through the limitation that a purification bacterium and a clastic enzyme thereof cannot decompose the lignocellulose efficiently, provides a key technique for decomposing, saccharifying biomass containing cellulose and converting the biomass into an energy source, and has extensive application prospect in the field of decomposing the lignocellulose.

The invention provides a method for preparing activated carbon by degraded residues of straw-type lignocellulose, which comprises the following steps: 1) processing straw-type lignocellulose by an alkali method; 2) processing the residues obtained in step 1) by enzyme hydrolysis; and 3) performing activation to the enzyme hydrolyzed residues obtained in step 2) by a chemical activator under a high temperature condition to prepare an activated carbon product. In the method provided by the invention, the sugar solution obtained after the pretreatment of the lignocellulose raw material by the alkali method and the enzyme hydrolysis is applicable to the preparations of bio-fermentation products such as alcohol, citric acid, xylitol, and the like; the enzyme hydrolyzed residues is applicable to the preparation of activated carbon; the utilization ratio of the raw material is increased, and the method has considerable economic and social benefits.

The invention discloses a microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses, which contains the components by mass ratio: protein degrading bacteria: starch degrading bacteria: fat degrading bacteria: cellulose degrading bacteria= (1-2):(1-2): (1-2):(2-3). Simultaneously, the invention further discloses a preparing method of the microbial bacterium agent. Aiming at components of refuses in domestic kitchens, the corresponding microbial bacteria are adopted for gradual degrading, finally the purpose of completely degrading the refuses is achieved, not thorough degrading and long time consumption of the traditional land filling mode and large secondary pollution and high energy consumption of the burning mode are avoided, and the microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and the preparing method of the microbial bacterium agent can meet the present low carbon, environmental protection and energy saving requirements.

The invention discloses bacillus licheniformis and application thereof in the promotion of cellulose degradation. The invention provides the bacillus licheniformis J15CGMCC No.3905. Fermentation liquor obtained by fermenting the bacillus licheniformis J15 is the cellulose degradation enzymic preparation of the invention. The bacillus licheniformis J15 can be used for degrading cellulose and preparing compost. By degrading straws with cellulose decomposition bacteria, the bacillus licheniformis has the advantages of improving the nutritive value and the utilization value of the straw, along with high nutritive value, reproducibility, environmental friendliness, less energy consumption and the like. By inoculating the cellulose decomposition bacteria to the high temperature compost, cellulase content in the composting process can be obviously increased, the degradation of the cellulose and the decomposition of the compost can be promoted and the quality of the compost can be improved.

The invention discloses a technique for rapidly extracting ramie hemp erwinia bacterium factory production fermentation, the technique comprises preprocessing material, immersing or sprinkling and inoculating, immersing or fermenting, deactivating with hot water, and the procedure of circulation washing, water dressing and fiber finish, erwinia bacterium which has broad-spectrum and high effective to degumming, pulping and saccharifying of herb fiber material, and bacterial agent preparation and activated technical parameter. The erwinia bacterium addicts the mannose, the peak for secreting non-cellulose to degrade key enzyme (pectic enzyme, beta-mannase and xylanase) can be achieved through purely culturing for 7h to 9h. Bacterial agent is inoculated on herb fiber material such as ramie and the like for activating the bacterial agent for 5h-6h, fermentation forage fodder turns to blue after fermenting for 5h-6h, pectine, hemicellulose and partial lignin which are partially degraded and associated in fiber cell are stripped, non-cellulose residues which are absorbed on fiber can be removed by means of the flushing of high-pressure flushing, and the purpose of extracting net fiber can be reached.

The invention discloses a method for preparing nanometer microcrystalline cellulose by combining acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing a sulfuric acid solution with certain concentration; slowly adding tonnor EM100 powder, which is provided by Shanghai Tonnor Material Science Co., Ltd, to the sulfuric acid solution while stirring; ultrasonically treating for certain time after the tonnor EM 100 powder is completely dissolved; adding a certain amount of distilled water to stop the reaction after the ultrasonic treatment; carrying out centrifugal separation onto the obtained mixed solution; dialyzing the collected nanometer microcrystalline cellulose colloid until the collected nanometer microcrystalline cellulose colloid is neutral; and finally refrigerating and freeze-drying the dialyzed nanometer microcrystalline cellulose colloid to obtain the nanometer microcrystalline cellulose powder. The method for preparing nanometer microcrystalline cellulose by combining acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment is simple to operate, free of damages to the cellulose degradation and easy to control; and more importantly, the environment pollution can be reduced in comparison with the pure acid hydrolysis.

The invention discloses a microbial degrading agent for decomposing cassava stalks and a preparation method. The microbial degrading agent for decomposing the cassava stalks is characterized in that: microbial strains of the microbial degrading agent consist of the following components in percentage by taking bacterial biomass as a counting unit: 10 to 50 percent of lignin degradation flora, 10 to 50 percent of hemicellulose degradation flora and 10 to 50 percent of cellulose degradation flora, wherein each strain is purified, rejuvenated, propagated and cultivated; each cultivated strain is compounded according to the proportion; a microbial adsorbent is added; and the components are uniformly mixed to prepare a solid microbial degrading agent. The microbial degrading agent has high efficiency and pertinence; the cassava stalks can be quickly degraded; environmental pollution caused by piling, incineration and the like is avoided; the cassava stalks which are decomposed by the microbial degradation bacteria are changed into things of value to prepare a fertilizer so as to increase both production and income; the microbial degrading agent is easy to operate and is low in using cost; and positive effects of improving soil structure, reducing environmental pollution and the like are achieved when the degrading agent is popularized and applied at cassava planting areas.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a biocontrol strain, namely trichoderma asperellum T-1, for highly producing composite cellulose degrading enzyme. The trichoderma asperellum T-1 is preserved at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on September 24, 2014; and the preservation number is CGMCC 9722. The invention also provides a waste composting bactericide prepared from the trichoderma asperellum T-1 and an application of the waste composting bactericide in treatment of the organic waste. The trichoderma asperellum T-1 provided by the invention is rapid in growth, high in spore-producing ability, and high pH tolerance; a plurality of cellulose materials can be taken as substrates; and the trichoderma asperellum T-1 is a member of biocontrol bacteria, and can be applied to planting of crops to prevent diseases. By adding the trichoderma asperellum T-1 provided by the invention to the organic waste, the penetrating fluid generated by waste composting can be reduced; the degradation efficiency of the cellulose materials in the waste can be improved; and the quality of the waste composting product is improved.

The invention discloses a composite bacterial agent for efficiently degrading kitchen garbage, and a preparation method and application thereof. The efficiently degrading kitchen garbage, and preparation method and application thereof consists of a starch-degrading strain, an oil-degrading strain, a protein-degrading strain, a cellulose-degrading strain and a vector; and the preparation method comprises the following steps of: performing enrichment culture on each single strain, screening, and preparing the vector; and mixing a high-quality composite bacterial agent with the vector. The synergism of various microorganisms in the natural world is fully utilized, a microorganism-based control method is established, and the composite bacterial agent is utilized for coupled fermentation of the kitchen garbage to accelerate the biogas fermentation progress, improve the traditional fermentation process and improve the biogas yield.

The invention relates to a method for pre-processing corn stalks through a physical-chemical-biological method. The corn stalks are firstly smashed and physically processed, then the corn stalks are chemically processed through dilute alkali, and finally, the corn stalks are biologically processed through phanerochaete chrysosporium and cellulose degradation bacteria. Lignin removal is facilitated due to dilute alkali processing, the corn stalks can be fully degraded easily because of mixed fermentation, the utilizing rate is increased, and microorganisms producing ethyl alcohol are inoculated into the pre-processed stalks to produce ethyl alcohol, or feeding yeast is inoculated to produce protein feed. The method is simple in technology and convenient to implement.

The invention discloses a composite conditioner for preparing a sludge compost and application thereof. The composite conditioner for preparing the sludge compost is combined by an agricultural waste fermentation product and non-metallic ore powder in a volume ratio of 1-10:5-1, wherein the agricultural waste fermentation product is prepared by performing direct pile fermentation on one or a mixture of more of sawdust, barks, rice hulls, straw and bagasse or adding zymophyte for aerobic fermentation; and the non-metallic ore powder is one or more of pearlite, vermiculite, zeolite, medical stone and sepiolite with the grain size of smaller than 0.5cm. The composite conditioner can quickly degrade cellulose, shorten the sludge fermentation period to 7-15 days, improve the C/N ratio of the sludge and reduce the diffused odor, also can adjust the pH value of mixed materials, is more favorable for the growth of microorganisms, and can improve fertilizer efficiency and improve the soil.

The invention utilizes a microbial fermentation technology to improve the forage nutritional value of the cottonseed meal, so as to improve the forage quality of the cottonseed meal, increase the addition proportion in the forage and realize the promotion of the protein nutritional value and the feeding value of the cottonseed meal, aiming at the disadvantages that cottonseed meal is rich in antinutritional factors of free gossypol, cellulose, oligosaccharide, phytic acid and the like, the protein quality is relatively poor and the content of essential amino acids of methionine and the like is low and unbalanced, so that the large-scale forage of cottonseed meal is restricted. The method for improving forage nutritional value of cottonseed meal through the microbial fermentation adopts the technology of 'composite enzymatic hydrolysis and multi-strain three-step solid-state fermentation', so as to prepare the fermented cottonseed meal product that is high in the free gossypol, cellulose degradation degree and the protein content; the cottonseed meal product is rich in nutritional ingredients of probiotics, vitamins, enzyme, amino acid, short peptide, high-grade protein and the like; the method for improving the forage nutritional value of cottonseed meal through the microbial fermentation has the advantages of prompting growth and development, improving the utilization ratio of the forage, enhancing immunization, improving intestinal micro ecology, preventing diseases and the like. The method for improving forage nutritional value of cottonseed meal through the microbial fermentation adopts the solid-state fermentation; the manufacturing technology is simple; the energy consumption is low; zero environmental pollution is generated; and the investment is small. Therefore, mass production is easy.

The invention discloses a biodegradable plastic. The biodegradable plastic is characterized in that lignocelluloses and zeolite powder are scattered in polyethylene resin, and cellulose degradation enzymes are arranged in pores of the polyethylene resin. The biodegradable plastic is prepared by steps: adding biodegradable enzymes into ethanol and stirring; mixing the zeolite powder with ethanol solution at the step one, and removing the ethanol; mixing the lignocelluloses, the polyethylene resin and the zeolite powder; and using a granulator for granulating. Compared with starch type biodegradable plastics, the biodegradable plastic has the advantages of high strength and easiness in degradation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms and particularly relates to a kitchen garbage bio-drying and stabilizing microbial agent as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. According to the technical scheme, pseudomonas aeruginosa is conserved in CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) with the conservation number being CGMCC No.17868.By means of the pseudomonas aeruginosa, microbial composition including starch degrading bacteria, protein degrading bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria, oil degrading bacteria and deodorization bacteria is provided; and the oil degrading bacteria comprise pseudomonas aeruginosa. The microbial composition can treat kitchen garbage in a targeted manner and achieve the purposes of dewatering, drying, reduction and recycling of the kitchen waste.

The invention discloses a screening and domesticating method of a composite microbial system for low-temperature degradation of straws. The screening and domesticating method comprises the steps of acquiring a natural material sample rich in cellulose in an alpine area in which the annual average temperature is -0.6-8 DEG C, carrying out enrichment culture on a cellulose degradation microbial system, then carrying out restrictive subculture preliminary screening, low-temperature gradient induced domestication and cellulase enzyme activity re-screening, and then carrying out low-temperature multi-generation restrictive carbon source subculture domestication to obtain the composite microbial system for low-temperature degradation of straws. The screening and domesticating method can be used for screening and domesticating the composite microbial system for high-efficiency degradation of straws at low temperature and has an important meaning in field returning and utilization of straw resources in the northern area.