43 results about "Feedback inhibition" patented technology

The invention provides a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase mutant and an application of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase mutant in preparation of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide. According to the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase mutant, 259th lysine (K) of an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is mutated into 259th valine (V). The invention overcomes the technical problems of slow reaction, low yield, high energy consumption and NMN feedback inhibition of the product in the process of producing NMN by escherichia coli, and the constructed nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase mutant expression system is used for fermentation production of nicotinamide mononucleotide, and slows down the feedback inhibition effect.

The invention belongs to the technical field of synthetic biology, and particularly relates to recombinant escherichia coli for efficiently producing O-acetyl-L-homoserine as well as a construction method and application of the recombinant escherichia coli. According to the invention, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing is combined with metabolic modification, so as to precisely integrate OAH biosynthesis key nodes: introducing and overexpressing a mutant metX gene at a genome pseudogene site to enhance the expression of homoserine acetyltransferase, knocking out byproducts such as poxB and mgsA to synthesize genes, and carrying out high-yield synthesis of OAH. Corynebacterium glutamicum thrA (anti-feedback inhibition), aspB and bacillus subtilis acsA-acuA genes (construction of an acetic acid switch) are introduced, gene expression of gltA, tpiA and the like is optimized to increase supply of precursors such as acetyl CoA and the like, and finally a stable strain without plasmids, antibiotics and inducers is obtained. The production cost is effectively reduced, and the method has the advantage of high genetic stability and shows a good application prospect in OAH industrial production.

The invention discloses a recombinant strain for biosynthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid as well as a construction method and application of the recombinant strain, and belongs to the technical field of gene engineering. In order to solve the technical problems that GAD (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is seriously limited to be synthesized by corynebacterium glutamicum by adopting a cell surface display technology because the growth of corynebacterium glutamicum and the production of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) have difference on pH (potential of hydrogen) requirements and L-glutamic acid has a feedback inhibition effect on the synthesis process of the L-glutamic acid, the invention adopts a cell surface display technology to display GAD on the outer surface of a cell. Therefore, the GAD not only can exert higher activity in a more suitable meta-acidic environment, but also can directly convert a precursor L-glutamic acid continuously secreted to extracellular into extracellular GABA, and extracellular transport of the GABA does not need to be carried out any more. Furthermore, in order to more efficiently and simultaneously transform intracellular and extracellular L-glutamic acid, GAD is expressed in cells on the basis of displaying GAD on the surfaces of the cells, so that the L-glutamic acid is simultaneously transformed in the cells and extracellular, and synthesis of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is accelerated.

The invention provides a valine production strain as well as a construction method and application thereof, the strain is constructed by utilizing a CRIPSR / Cas9 system gene editing technology based on allele exchange, an artificial operon is designed and constructed, the artificial operon is constructed at a ygaY site, a strong promoter Ptrc is used for controlling ilvIH (G14N S17F)-pykF to carry out synchronous multi-copy expression, and the valine production strain can be used for producing valine. On the basis of the strain, an artificial operon is constructed at an ycgH site, a strong promoter Ptrc is used for controlling ilvC-ilvD to carry out synchronous multi-copy expression, meanwhile, feedback inhibition of valine on ilvIH is relieved, and an ilvIH natural promoter is replaced by the strong promoter Ptrc, so that more pyruvic acid flows to valine; the constructed strain does not contain plasmids, has no defects, does not need induction, has the advantages of good genetic stability, high fermentation yield and the like, and can be used for efficiently synthesizing valine from the beginning by taking glucose as a substrate.

The invention relates to a yarrowia lipolytica strain for producing tyrosol as well as a construction method and application of the yarrowia lipolytica strain, and belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering. According to the present invention, ScADH6, ScARO10F138L and D218G genes are expressed in the yarrowia lipolytica W29 [delta] KU70; the shikimic acid feedback inhibition is relieved by expressing the Y1ARO3K225L gene, the Y1ARO4K2214 gene and the Y1AR07G139S gene; pmLAAD, EcTyrAM53I and A354V genes are introduced, so that the conversion from FAD to FADH2 is promoted, and the supply of NADH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hormone) in cytoplasm is enhanced; a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) gene is knocked out; and overexpressing Y1DHS1, Y1DHS2 and Y1DHS3 genes of a shikimic acid pathway to obtain the yarrowia lipolytica strain HY5 for producing tyrosol. The invention lays a foundation for industrial production of tyrosol, and has important social significance and economic value.

The invention relates to aspartate kinase for relieving feedback inhibition of L-threonine and application of aspartate kinase, and belongs to the field of enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering. The mutant is obtained by carrying out E253K and / or K507E mutation on the basis of wild type aspartate kinase as shown in SEQ ID NO.1, the enzyme activity of the mutant is not obviously changed under the condition that the concentration of L-threonine is 0-12 mmol / L, and the feedback inhibition effect of L-threonine on the mutant is relieved. The method can be widely applied to synthesis of essential amino acids including L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-isoleucine, L-lysine, L-leucine, L-valine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine and the like.

The invention provides a 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine production strain and a construction method and application thereof.According to the strain, key feedback inhibition is relieved through a perfect metabolic engineering strategy and strategies of knocking out a competitive pathway, introducing heterologous aminoacetone oxidase, deleting L-threonine efflux protein and the like, competitive enzyme conversion of aminoacetone is reduced through a system, and the 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine production strain is obtained. Spontaneous transformation of aminoacetone in Escherichia coli is enhanced, metabolism of L-threonine is expanded to synthesis of 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine, the yield of 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine is further increased, the constructed strain does not contain plasmids and has the advantages of clear genetic background, sustainable transformation and the like, and the 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine is produced through fermentation. The method is simple to operate, can be used for directly synthesizing 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine from the beginning by using a cheap carbon source, and has a very good application prospect.

The invention relates to a 2-succinyl-5-enol acetonyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid synthase mutant and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of enzyme engineering. According to the invention, a key residue of 2-succinyl-5-enolacetonyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate synthase is obtained by combining protein sequence comparison and alanine scanning strategies, the key residue is subjected to random mutation, and the menadione pathway resistant intermediate metabolite 1, 2, 3, 4-tetracarboxylic acid synthase is obtained through multiple rounds of screening. The mutant MenDW322IR323F which is subjected to feedback inhibition by using 2, 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is synthesized, the heptaene menadione production capacity of the recombinant bacillus subtilis constructed according to the method is improved, the yield is 1.22 times that of a control strain, and the final yield reaches 186.5 mg / L. The invention not only provides a new direction for transformation of a menadione approach of bacillus subtilis, but also is beneficial to industrial expanded production of heptaene menadione.

The invention discloses a genetically engineered bacterium for producing heparinogen and a construction method and application thereof, the genetically engineered bacterium takes Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 as a chassis bacterium, and the construction method comprises the following steps: (1) knocking out endonuclease I coding gene endA in a chassis bacterium genome; (2) knocking out a 6-phosphofructokinase I coding gene pfkA in a chassis bacterium genome; (3) carrying out overexpression on a 6-phosphoglucosamine synthetase encoding gene glmS and / or a UDP-glucose-6-dehydrogenase encoding gene kfiD from a chassis bacterium genome; (4) removing the feedback inhibition of the 6-phosphate glucosamine on the GlmS so as to promote the synthesis of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine; and (5) knocking out the 6-phosphate glucosamine deaminase coding gene nagB in the chassis bacterium genome. The engineering strain obtained by the invention can more efficiently synthesize the proheparin, the shake flask titer reaches 397.9 mg / L, which is increased by about 3 times compared with a wild strain, and the engineering strain has certain industrial application value.

The invention relates to the technical field of gene engineering, and discloses an ATP (adenosine triphosphate) transphosphoribosyl enzyme mutant as well as a coding gene, a recombinant vector, a transgenic cell and application of the ATP transphosphoribosyl enzyme mutant and the coding gene. The mutant is generated by mutating at least one amino acid of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) transphosphoribosyl enzyme with an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1; wherein the ATP transphosphoribosyl enzyme with the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is taken as a reference, and the mutation site of the mutant is the 214th site and / or the 215th site. The ATP transphosphoribosyl enzyme mutant can effectively relieve feedback inhibition of histidine, maintain high catalytic activity and remarkably improve the biosynthesis efficiency of histidine.

This invention provides an engineered bacterium for producing ectoine, its preparation method, and its application. The engineered bacterium is prepared using a method comprising the following steps: using *Corynebacterium glutamicum* as the starting strain, feedback inhibition by aspartate kinase LysC is relieved, the activity of the gene lysE encoding lysine efflux permease is reduced, and the ectoine synthesis gene cluster ectABC is expressed. Based on this, the activity of any one or at least two of the following—diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase EctA, pyruvate carboxylase Pyc, or aspartate kinase LysC—is enhanced, and / or the activity of any one or at least two of the following—maloquinone oxidoreductase Mqo or homoserine dehydrogenase Hom—is reduced to further increase ectoine yield.

The present application relates to a kind of acetolactate synthase and its application, belong to enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering technical field.The present application is based on the wild-type acetolactate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (Corynebacterium glutamicum) Corynebacterium glutamicum ) ATCC13032, the encoding gene ilvBN Of it is carried out error-prone PCR, screening obtains acetolactate synthase mutant IlvBN M1 And IlvBN M2 , above-mentioned mutant removes L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine on its feedback inhibition, under the condition that L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine concentration is 0-30 mmol / L respectively, enzyme activity has no obvious change, can be widely used in the synthesis of L-valine, L-leucine and L-isoleucine.

To solve the problem in which: in an environment where a certain concentration or higher of L-histidine is present, the activity of ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase is feedback-inhibited by histidine and thus it is difficult to increase histidine production beyond a certain level; therefore, ATP-PRT variants having increased resistance to histidine are required to increase histidine production in microorganisms; however, there is no known variant that can reduce histidine feedback inhibition of ATP-PRT that is expressed from the E. coli hisG gene.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an E. coli hisG-derived ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase variant having a reduced feedback inhibition by histidine, and a strain expressing the same, which may maintain the activity even at a high histidine concentration, thus increasing histidine production.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application is a kind of bionic nerve circuit model based on artificial synapse device. The circuit model is composed of n multi-stage connections of synapse-LIF artificial neuron devices. The composition of the synapse-LIF artificial neuron device includes synapse-like device and cytoplasm-like device. The synapse-like device includes artificial synapse device, voltage dividing resistor and voltage control switch. The cytoplasm-like device includes one comparator. Through different combinations of the four devices, namely excitatory synapse-like device, inhibitory synapse-like device, excitatory cytoplasm-like device and inhibitory cytoplasm-like device, the devices of six circuits, including feedforward excitation circuit, feedforward inhibition circuit, feedback inhibition circuit, lateral inhibition circuit, disinhibition circuit and mutual inhibition circuit, are formed. The application realizes the functions of perception afferent, information integration and motor control in the motor nervous system through the circuit model group, which is helpful for the repair or reconstruction of damaged motor conduction circuit.

The present invention relates to the field of biosynthesis technology, and more particularly to a β-nicotinamide mononucleotide production system and a method for preparing β-nicotinamide mononucleotide in a dual-enzyme collaborative manner. The β-nicotinamide mononucleotide production system comprises an NRK-HS01 whole-cell catalyst, an ADK whole-cell catalyst, nicotinamide riboside, adenosine triphosphate, and MgCl2. The present invention couples the NRK-HS01 whole-cell catalyst with an ATP regeneration system (ADK whole-cell catalyst) to catalyze the conversion of nicotinamide riboside and adenosine triphosphate to produce NMN in a single step. This method achieves an NMN molar yield exceeding 99%, reduces ATP costs by 50%, and reduces feedback inhibition of the synthesis reaction caused by the accumulation of the byproduct ADP. This method also enables the recycling of ATP, thereby improving synthesis efficiency and saving production costs. This method is of great significance for the industrial development of biosynthesis of NMN.

Described are strains and methods relating to genetically-engineered yeast cells that overproduce lysine in a tunable manner by altering feedback inhibition of the lysine synthetic pathway by way of the LYS20 and LYS21 homocitrate synthase polypeptides. The yeast can be used in a conventional bioethanol production facility to produce alcohol along with increased amounts of lysine, resulting in increased quality and commercial value of fermentation products and co-products, such as animal feed ingredients.

The invention provides a recombinant bovine lactoferrin peptide capable of reducing feedback inhibition on host bacteria and a construction method thereof in order to overcome the practical application problem of a genetic engineering method in the process of producing the bovine lactoferrin peptide at present. According to the invention, bovine lactoferrin peptide, calmodulin and enhanced green fluorescent protein are connected in series to form bovine lactoferrin peptide fusion protein, a pichia pastoris recombinant strain is constructed, and high-level expression of bovine lactoferrin peptide is realized. According to the method, positive charges of bovine lactoferrin are neutralized on the basis of calmodulin, toxicity of antibacterial peptide to a host is weakened, the tandem enhanced green fluorescent protein can emit green fluorescence under 488 nm exciting light, and real-time analysis of the expression level of bovine lactoferrin fusion protein is achieved. According to the method, by adopting a fusion expression technology, the toxicity to a host when the antibacterial peptide is produced by a genetic engineering method is overcome, so that the expression quantity is increased, and a foundation is laid for high-density fermentation production of the bovine lactoferrin peptide.

To solve the problem in which: in an environment where a certain concentration or higher of L-histidine is present, the activity of ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase is feedback-inhibited by histidine and thus it is difficult to increase histidine production beyond a certain level; therefore, ATP-PRT variants having increased resistance to histidine are required to increase histidine production in microorganisms; however, there is no known variant that can reduce histidine feedback inhibition of ATP-PRT that is expressed from the E. coli hisG gene.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an E. coli hisG-derived ATP-phosphoribosyltransferase variant having a reduced feedback inhibition by histidine, and a strain expressing the same, which may maintain the activity even at a high histidine concentration, thus increasing histidine production.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention relates to the technical field of bioengineering, and discloses a construction method and application of recombinant Escherichia coli engineering bacteria with high yield of ergothioneine, and the method comprises the following steps: by taking Escherichia coli as a chassis, integrating a mycobacterium smegmatis egtABCDE gene cluster at an ldhA site; a repressor protein gene metJ and a cysteine lyase gene yhaM are knocked out, a methionine adenosine transferase gene metK and a serine acetyltransferase gene cysE are overexpressed by using a strong promoter, and mutant metA, thrA, serA and hisG genes for relieving feedback inhibition are introduced, so that metabolic inhibition of methionine, cysteine and histidine pathways is systematically relieved; the invention also establishes a matched fermentation process. According to the invention, endogenous precursor supply and exogenous synthesis pathways are synergistically enhanced, the precursor supply bottleneck is solved, the yield of ergothioneine is increased, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

The present application relates to 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid synthase mutant and its application, and belongs to the technical field of enzyme engineering. The present application obtains key residues of 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid synthase by combining protein sequence comparison and alanine scanning strategy, randomly mutates the key residues, and obtains a mutant MenD which is resistant to feedback inhibition of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid intermediate metabolite in the methionine quinone pathway through multiple rounds of screening W322I\R323F The ability of the recombinant bacillus subtilis to produce heptamethylnaphthoquinone is improved, and the yield is 1.22 times that of the control strain, and the final yield reaches 186.5 mg / L. The present application not only provides a new direction for the modification of the methionine quinone pathway of bacillus subtilis, but also will be beneficial to the industrial large-scale production of heptamethylnaphthoquinone.

The invention provides an engineering bacterium for producing Ectoine as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the engineering bacterium is prepared by the preparation method comprising the following steps: taking corynebacterium glutamicum as a starting strain, relieving feedback inhibition of aspartate kinase LysC, reducing activity of gene lysE for coding lysine efflux permease, and obtaining the Ectoine-producing engineering bacterium. And expressing an Ectoin synthetic gene cluster ectABC. On the basis, the activity of any one or a combination of at least two of diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase EctA, pyruvate carboxylase Pyc or aspartate kinase LysC is enhanced, and / or the activity of any one or a combination of two of malic acid quinone oxidoreductase Mqo or homoserine dehydrogenase Hom is reduced, so that the yield of Ectoine is further improved.

The application discloses a Saccharomyces cerevisiae de novo synthesis of naringenin engineering strain and a construction method and application thereof, and the engineering strain is constructed by modifying a genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK2-1C as follows: substrate competition pathway genes are knocked out, anti-feedback inhibition genes are overexpressed, and the like, so as to improve a metabolic flux j of a precursor substance tyrosine; tyrosine deaminase, 4-coumarate:CoA-ligase, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase are expressed heterogeneously, so as to realize de novo synthesis of naringenin. Finally, the yield of naringenin is further improved by high-efficiency expression of Sc4CL and HaCHS at multiple copy sites.

Provided are a method for improving the yield of L-valine and a modified bacterium, wherein the genome of the bacterium comprises a modification for reducing the feedback inhibition of L-threonine on L-threonine synthesis, and the modified bacterium can achieve production under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. In addition, a method for increasing the yield of L-valine by means of using the modified bacterium is also provided.

The application belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering, and particularly relates to a phosphoglycolate dehydrogenase mutant and application thereof in L-serine production. The mutant contains a mutation of the 370th amino acid compared with a protein with an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:1. The mutant protein releases feedback inhibition, and the catalytic activity is significantly improved compared with the parent enzyme, thereby promoting the production of L-serine catalyzed by the phosphoglycolate dehydrogenase, and providing a new synthetic route and an engineering bacterium for the production of L-serine.

The invention discloses a bacillus licheniformis recombinant strain with high yield of L-cysteine, and belongs to the technical field of synthetic biology and microbial metabolism engineering. The cysteine synthesis flux is enhanced through multiple knockout and combined overexpression. An efficient engineering strain is constructed by knocking out a serine hydroxymethyltransferase coding gene glyA and an L-serine ammonolysis enzyme coding gene sdaAA of a serine catabolism key pathway, knocking out a cysteine catabolism gene metC and combining gene overexpression to introduce a feedback inhibition removal mutant cysEf and a transporter eamA, and the efficient engineering strain is used for preparing a recombinant strain. Finally, the yield of the L-cysteine reaches 1.075 g / L in shake flask fermentation (the conversion rate is 18.69%), and the application potential of the bacillus licheniformis in sulfur metabolism engineering is highlighted.

The present invention relates to a method for producing hypotaurine by fermentation. The invention is characterized in that, in step i, a microbial production strain is cultured, characterized in that: 1. The production strain comprises at least one expression vector comprising the coding sequences (cds) a and cds b and at least one cds selected from the group consisting of c, d and e, where a is the cds encoding a cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) belonging to the enzyme class EC 1.13. 11.20, and d is the cds encoding a cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) belonging to the enzyme class EC 1.13. 11.20; wherein, b is a cds encoding a cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD) belonging to the enzyme class EC 4.1. 1.29, c is a cds encoding a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (SerA) with reduced feedback inhibition of serine, d is a cds encoding a serine O-acetyltransferase (CysE) with reduced feedback inhibition of cysteine, and e is a cds encoding a cysteine efflux protein, c is a cds encoding a cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSAD) belonging to the enzyme class EC 4.1. 1.29, c is a cds encoding a 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (SerA) with reduced feedback inhibition of cysteine, d is a cds encoding a cysteine O-acetyltransferase (CysE) with reduced feedback inhibition of cysteine. The expression of cds a and b in the expression vector is coordinated with the expression of at least one cds selected from the group consisting of c, d and e in the polycistron expression unit, and 3. Hypotaurine is secreted into the fermentation supernatant from the producing strain, and in step ii, the fermentation supernatant is isolated. The sub-taurine content in the fermentation supernatant is equal to at least 10 g / L, and the molar ratio of sub-taurine: taurine in the fermentation supernatant is equal to at least 3: 1.

The invention provides a strain for producing L-histidine as well as a construction method and application of the strain. According to the strain, E.coli W3110 is taken as a chassis strain, hisLG, ushA, surE, nagD and nrdD genes are deleted, hisG *, zwf * and gnd * genes derived from Cornebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 are subjected to heterologous expression by using a trc promoter, and meanwhile, hisDCBHAFI, prsA * and artificial operon rfiAB genes are subjected to overexpression by using the trc promoter; the strain can effectively improve the synthesis efficiency of L-histidine by relieving feedback inhibition of key enzymes, knocking out branch pathway genes synthesized by ATP, enhancing expression of pathway key enzymes and increasing the content of PRPP, is stable in heredity, does not need to add resistant substances, and has good synthesis capacity of L-histidine and high acid production efficiency.

The application discloses an engineered Trichoderma reesei strain with high yield of beta-glucosidase, and a construction method and application thereof. In view of the problems of low beta-glucosidase activity of a natural cellulase system of Trichoderma reesei in the prior art and easy accumulation of cellobiose to cause feedback inhibition, the application takes Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 as a starting strain, and through three-step progressive operation, firstly, a beta-glucosidase gene expression cassette derived from Aspergillus niger is integrated into a URA5 gene locus; then, an expression cassette containing a URA5 back complement unit and a BGL gene is constructed and integrated into an ACE1 gene site; finally, a transcription activator XYR1 expression cassette is integrated into a PEP1 site. Through the above iterative modification, an engineered strain with stable genetic traits, capable of simultaneously high-level secretion of beta-glucosidase and filter paper enzyme is obtained. It is verified through experiments that the beta-glucosidase activity of the engineered strain can be up to 80.6 IU / mL, which is 268.3 times that of the starting strain.

The application discloses an L-homoserine phosphotransferase mutant, a coding gene, a plasmid, a genetically engineered bacterium and application, and belongs to the technical field of bioengineering, wherein a cysteine at the 223th position of L-homoserine phosphotransferase is mutated into a glycine single mutation or a double mutation of mutating isoleucine at the 180th position into serine on the basis of the single mutation, namely the L-homoserine phosphotransferase mutant, a corresponding coding gene is obtained, and then a corresponding plasmid and genetically engineered bacterium are obtained; the enzyme mutant not only has high enzyme activity, but also is resistant to feedback inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate; compared with simply improving enzyme activity, the application can further promote the synthesis of L-homoserine by affecting the reversible reaction direction. The application is suitable for applying the enzyme mutant to industrial fermentation production of L-homoserine, can significantly improve production efficiency, and can improve the yield of L-homoserine by about 60% by adding L-glutamine.

Described are strains and methods relating to genetically-engineered yeast cells that overproduce lysine in a tunable manner by altering feedback inhibition of the lysine synthetic pathway by way of the LYS20 and LYS21 homocitrate synthase polypeptides. The yeast can be used in a conventional bioethanol production facility to produce alcohol along with increased amounts of lysine, resulting in increased quality and commercial value of fermentation products and co-products, such as animal feed ingredients.