731 results about "Empirical formula" patented technology

In one embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: at least one of a lithium cobaltate and a lithium nickelate; and at least one of a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x1)(Mn_1−y1A′_y1)_2−x1O_z1 and an olivine compound represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1−x2)A″_x2MPO₄. In another embodiment, an active cathode material comprises a mixture that includes: a lithium nickelate selected from the group consisting of LiCoO₂-coated LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂, and Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂; and a manganate spinel represented by an empirical formula of Li_(1+x7)Mn_2−y7O_z7. A lithium-ion battery and a battery pack each independently employ a cathode that includes an active cathode material as described above. A method of forming a lithium-ion battery includes the steps of forming an active cathode material as described above; forming a cathode electrode with the active cathode material; and forming an anode electrode in electrical contact with the cathode via an electrolyte. A system comprises a portable electronic device and a battery pack or lithium-ion battery as described above.

A composition suitable for use as a cathode material of a lithium battery includes a core material having an empirical formula Li_xM′_zNi_1−yM″_yO₂. “x” is equal to or greater than about 0.1 and equal to or less than about 1.3. “y” is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.5. “z” is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.2. M′ is at least one member of the group consisting of sodium, potassium, nickel, calcium, magnesium and strontium. M″ is at least one member of the group consisting of cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, vanadium, titanium, magnesium, silicon, boron, aluminum and gallium. A coating on the core has a greater ratio of cobalt to nickel than the core. The coating and, optionally, the core can be a material having an empirical formula Li_x1A_x2Ni_1−y1−z1Co_y1B_z1O_a. “x1” is greater than about 0.1 a equal to or less than about 1.3. “x2,”“y1” and “z1” each is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.2. “a” is greater than 1.5 and less than about 2.1. “A” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium. “B” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, manganese, titanium, vanadium and zirconium.

A radiation curable ink composition comprising at least one initiator and at least one polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) represented by the following empirical formula [R(SiO1.5)]n wherein n=4,6,8,10,12,14,16 and larger and each R is independently hydrogen, an inorganic group, an alkyl group, an alkylene group, an aryl group, an arylene group, or non-heterocyclic group-containing organo-functional derivatives of alkyl, alkylene, aryl or arylene groups; and a process for obtaining a colourless, monochrome or multicolour ink jet image comprising the steps of jetting one or more streams of ink droplets having the above-mentioned composition onto an ink-jet ink receiver material, and subjecting the obtained image to radiation curing.

Disclosed herein are electrochemical cells comprising electrodes prepared from layered materials comprising a substantially two-dimensional ordered array of cells having an empirical formula of M_n+1X_n, where M comprises a transition metal selected from the group consisting of a Group IIIB metal, a Group IVB metal, a Group VB metal, a Group VIB metal, and any combination thereof, X is C_xN_y wherein x+y=n, and n is equal to 1, 2, or 3. Also disclosed herein are batteries comprising the electrochemical cells and methods for electrochemically preparing MXene compositions with the use of the electrochemical cells.

The present invention discloses device and method of detecting the battery remainder in mixed power automobile. Between the CPU and the battery, one load module is set for calculating the resistance value of the battery according to its voltage and current. The CPU calculates the capacity of the battery via integrating the current to the time and corrects the capacity by means of the voltage the voltage detecting circuit detects, the temperature the temperature detecting circuit detects, the resistance the load module calculates, and the empirical formula. The present invention has raised accuracy, and is favorable to reasonable utilization of battery and long service life of battery.

The invention relates to a judging method of the solid insulating and aging degrees of a transformer, which sequentially comprises the following steps of: 1. preparing a gradient concentration standard solution of a furfural solution, carrying out liquid chromatographic detection, and making a standard curve I; 2. taking insulating paper samples in an actual electric network transformer, carrying out the liquid chromatographic detection, and obtaining the furfural concentration in each sample according to the standard curve I; 3. respectively measuring the water content H thereof by adopting the insulating paper samples in the step 2, computing the dry paper concentration C, additionally sampling, measuring the specific viscosity thereof, and computing the polymerization degree of the insulating paper samples according to a Martin empirical formula; 4. making a standard curve II by using the polymerization degree of insulating paper as an abscissa and using the logarithm of the furfural concentration as an ordinate; and 5. measuring the furfural concentration for an unknown sample, obtaining the polymerization degree of the insulating paper according to the standard curve II in the step 4, and judging the solid insulating and aging degrees of the transformer according to an IEC60450 standard. The method only needs to extract proper oil samples, has simple operation, does not need power failure, and is a quite practical method.

This invention relates to a method for in-situ detection of aerosol particle concentration and detector thereof. <0}Wherein, putting the pipe-shaped probe with a positive/negative high voltage electrode metal wire for forming at least one corona field into the airflow with aerosol particle; forcing the gas flow the firmer field to let partial aerosol particles bring negative charge; in the corona field, depositing the charged particles on the positive electrode; detecting the current or voltage variation of the circuit connected with the positive electrode; comparing the detection data with standard or conventional result for scaling and the corresponding relation curve or empirical formula; finally, getting the particle concentration. This invention has wide application.

A crystal which can be employed as the active material of a lithium-based battery has an empirical formula of Li_x1A₂Ni_1-y-zCo_yB_zO_a, wherein “x1” is greater than about 0.1 and equal to or less than about 1.3, “x2,”“y” and “z” each is greater than about 0.0 and equal to or less than about 0.2, “a” is greater than about 1.5 and less than about 2.1, “A” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium and “B” is at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, manganese, titanium, vanadium and zirconium. A method includes combining lithium, nickel, cobalt and at least one element “A” selected from the group consisting of barium, magnesium, calcium and strontium, has at least one element “B” selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, manganese, titanium, vanadium and zirconium, in the presence of oxygen, wherein the combined components have the relative ratio of Li_x1:A_x2:Ni_1-y-z:Co_y:B_z, wherein “x1,”“x2,”“y” and “z” have the values given for the empirical formula shown above.

To provide an aluminum magnesium titanate crystal structure which can be used stably in variable high temperatures, because of its excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, high thermal decomposition resistance and high mechanical property, and a process for its production.

An aluminum magnesium titanate crystal structure, which is a solid solution wherein at least some of Al atoms in the surface layer of aluminum magnesium titanate crystal represented by the empirical formula Mg_xAl_2(1−x)Ti_(1+x)O₅ (wherein 0.1≦x<1) are substituted with Si atoms, and which has a thermal expansion coefficient of from −6×10⁻⁶ (1/K) to 6×10⁻⁶ (1/K) in a range of from 50 is to 800° C. at a temperature raising rate of 20° C./min, and a remaining ratio of aluminum magnesium titanate of at least 50%, when held in an atmosphere of 1,100° C. for 300 hours.

The invention discloses a thermal network modeling method applied to an electric spindle steady temperature field. The method comprises the following steps of (1) building an electric spindle axisymmetric two-dimensional model; (2) building an equivalent thermal network of an axis; (3) calculating the overall heating value of a bearing and a motor, and distributing the heat to heating nodes; (4) according to heat transfer theory empirical formulas under different radiation conditions, calculating a convective heat transfer coefficient for heat exchange between a boundary node and fluid; (5) equalizing heat transfer between the nodes into ideal geometric heat transfer, obtaining conduction heat resistance of each part and boundary thermal-convection resistance, and building a heat transfer physical model; and (6) building a mathematical model and selecting a solution algorithm. A thermal network method is applied to a high-speed main shaft system with two heat sources, i.e. the bearing and the motor, and a complex convective heat exchange boundary, so that the difficulty in solving the characteristic temperature of each part of a complex assembling body of the main shaft is reduced. Compared with the method of solving a heat transfer differential equation, the thermal network modeling method is a quick and accurate steady temperature field calculation method.

Perovskite-type structure compounds having the general empirical formula ABO3 are prepared by a process comprising subjecting a mixture of starting powders formulated to contain the components represented by A and B in the formula to a high energy milling sufficient to induce chemical reaction of the components and thereby synthesize a mechanically-alloyed powder comprising the perovskite in the form of nanostructural particles. The process according to the present invention is simple, efficient, not expensive and does not require any heating step for producing a perovskite that may easily show a very high specific surface area. Another advantage is that the perovskite obtained according to the present invention also has a high density of lattice defects thereby showing a higher catalytic activity, a characteristic which is highly desirable in their eventual application as catalysts and electronic conductors.

The invention discloses a dynamic gas well productivity forecasting method. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the initial open-flow potential qAOFi, initial formation pressure pi and current formation pressure pm of the gas well; obtaining the gas viscosity mu g and the deviation factor z; and forecasting the gas well productivity under the current formation pressure according to the obtained parameters. Starting with the theoretical formula of the gas well yield, the dynamic method for forecasting productivity in the gas well production process is provided in combination with the relevant empirical formulas on the premise of certain assumptions. The method has the following beneficial effects: the influence caused by formation pressure variation in the conventional productivity evaluation methods is eliminated; the evaluation results are more accurate and reliable; and application proves that the method is applicable, simple and convenient, repeated well testing is not needed, lots of manpower and money can be saved and the method has greater practical value and economic value.

A catalyst composition represented by the following empirical formula which is useful in production of unsaturated nitrites by ammoxidation:wherein F represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium, lanthanum and cerium, G represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of magnesium, cobalt, manganese and zinc, H represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten, x represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, boron, and tellurium, Y represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, rubidium and cesium, the suffixes a-k, x and y represent a ratio of atoms or atomic groups, and a=0.1-3, b=0.3-15, c=0-20, d=3-8, e=0.2-2, f=0.05-1, e/f>1, g=0-5, h=0-3, k=0.1-1, x=0-3, y=0-1, i is the number of oxygen produced by bonding of the above respective components, and j=0-100.

The invention discloses a cross-scale high-precision dynamic crop growth monitoring and yield assessment method based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing data and a crop model. The method comprises the steps of achieving localization of the model is achieved; performing spatial matching on the remote sensing data and the ground data by using a GEE platform; designing a plurality of simulation scenes; dividing the growth period of the crops into a front time window and a rear time window by taking the green returning period as a node, and calculating various meteorological factors in the whole growth period; constructing a regression equation, and establishing a regression equation of each day in all growth periods; Extracting the maximum values of the satellite remote sensing observation vegetation indexes of two time windows before and after each year and corresponding dates thereof pixel by pixel, and converting the extracted maximum values of the vegetation indexes into independent variables LAI of a regression equation through an empirical formula; And taking the observation dates of the two time windows before and after extraction as references, carrying out pixel-by-pixel calculation by utilizing a regression equation corresponding to the combination date, and obtaining the crop simulation yield after operation on all pixels is completed.

The invention discloses a control system for a lithium ion battery of an electric car. The system achieves the safety control of the battery through precise estimation and feedback of the residual electric quantity of the battery, collects a discharging current, an output voltage and the temperature of the battery, carries out the filtering and noise reduction through a filter, and builds a mathematic relation between the residual capacity of the battery and the output current of the battery based on an ampere-hour method and a Proctor empirical formula. The system gives consideration to the temperature factor and a nonlinear change factor of the initial capacity of the battery, carries out the correction and compensation of the Kalman method, and reduces the estimation error of the residual capacity of the battery. The system employs an open-circuit voltage method and the Kalman filtering method for prediction and comparison, carries out the compensation of a gain matrix, obtains the nearly real initial capacity of the battery, and enables the prediction and estimation error to be smaller. Meanwhile, the system gives consideration to the impact on the residual capacity of the battery from the temperature, corrects the mathematic model of the ampere-hour method through the corrected parameters K and n, and further reduces the estimation error.

The invention relates to a state monitoring device of a complex electromechanical system for a flow industry and a method. The device comprises a man-machine interaction module, a data collecting module, a data preprocessing module, a data analyzing module and a failure case library. According to the device and the method provided by the invention, whether the system fails or is in abnormal states or not can be monitored and early warming for tripping accidents or other accidents of the flow industry system can be made. Meanwhile, a KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) method with double parameter optimization is used to overcome the deficiency that parameters are selected by empirical formula in conventional KPCA methods, thereby improving the state monitoring ability. Furthermore, the failure case database is adequately used in the historical production process so that failures of the system can be monitored more immediately and accurately.

The present invention provides an electric blower that performs: measuring an amount of airflow against a fan rotation speed of the blower with a load magnitude detected previously; determining an empirical formula to calculate a fan rotation speed to discharge an amount of target airflow in response to the magnitude of a load of the blower according to the data obtained from the above measurement repeated a plurality of times varying the magnitude of the load on the blower; operating, firstly in practice, the blower to detect the magnitude of the load of the blower, then to calculate the fan rotation speed to discharge the amount of target airflow using the empirical formula; and then changing the blower operation to the fan rotation speed given by the calculation.

Systems and methods of simulating an explosion in time-marching finite element analysis are disclosed in the present invention. According to one aspect, a method is configured for increasing user (e.g., engineer or scientist) productivity by reducing computation time of simulating fluid-structure interaction due to an explosion. The method comprises a creation of a finite element analysis model that includes structure, surrounding fluid, a blast source of the explosion and a single layer of ambient elements each having a segment representing a boundary of the fluid facing the blast source. Each ambient element is associated with a particular finite element representing the fluid at the boundary. The ambient elements are configured to be situated between the blast source and the structure such that the simulation can be carried on a set of boundary conditions specified thereon. The boundary conditions comprise a set of nodal velocities that are determined from the empirical formula (e.g., Friedlander equation).

A surface-coated cutting tool which has excellent chipping resistance and wearing resistance in high-speed cutting processing such as high-speed gear cutting processing, high-speed milling processing,and high-speed drilling processing. The surface-coated cutting tool comprises a tool base, e.g., a cemented carbide base, cermet base, or high-speed tool steel base, and at least a hard coating layerformed on a surface of the tool base and having a multilayer structure composed of a thin layer (A) and a thin layer (B) alternating therewith. The thin layer (A) is constituted of an (Al,Cr,Si)N layer satisfying the empirical formula ¢AlXCrYSiZ!N (wherein 0.2 <= X <= 0.45, 0.4 <= Y <= 0.75, 0.01 <=Z <= 0.2, and X+Y+Z=1 in terms of atomic ratio), and the thin layer (B) is constituted of an (Al,Ti,Si)N layer satisfying the empirical formula ¢AlUTiVSiW!N (wherein 0.05 <= U <= 0.75, 0.15 <= V <= 0.94, 0.01 <= W <= 0.1, and U+V+W=1 in terms of atomic ratio).

The invention provides a pot-type insulator lifetime assessment method based on an artificial accelerated aging test. According to the characterizes of sealing, high temperature and long-time bearing on high voltage of a pot-type insulator, an artificial accelerated aging test platform with electric heating comprehensive factors is designed by means of a multiple-factor laboratory, and characteristic quantities of multiple epoxy resin samples under different degrees of aging are measured. On this basis, analyzing is conducted on test data, by means of an existing empirical formula, a curve-fitting technique and a Weibull probability distribution method are adopted, internal relations among all aging factors, the electrical test quantity and the aging life are researched, relationship is established between the test data of epoxy resin materials and the aging assessment of the pot-type insulator, and the pot-type insulator lifetime assessment method is provided.