477 results about "Thermal model" patented technology

Techniques are disclosed for performing thermal history control in a thermal printer in which a single thermal print head prints sequentially on multiple color-forming layers in a single pass. Each pixel-printing interval may be divided into subintervals, which may be of unequal duration. Each sub-interval may be used to print a different color. The manner in which the input energy to be provided to each print head element is selected may be varied for each of the subintervals. For example, although a single thermal model may be used to predict the temperature of the print head elements in each of the subintervals, different parameters may be used in the different subintervals. Similarly, different energy computation functions may be used to compute the energy to be provided to the print head in each of the subintervals based on the predicted print head temperature.

A method of processing a workpiece in a plasma reactor having an electrostatic chuck for holding a workpiece in a chamber of the reactor includes providing a thermally conductive gas under pressure between a backside of the workpiece and a top surface of the electrostatic chuck, controlling the temperature of the electrostatic chuck, defining a desired workpiece temperature, measuring a current workpiece temperature or temperature related to the workpiece temperature and inputting the measured temperature to a thermal model representative of the electrostatic chuck. The method further includes determining from the thermal model a change in the pressure of the thermally conductive gas that would at least reduce the difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature, and changing the pressure of the thermally conductive gas in accordance with the change determined from the thermal model.

The disclosure is directed at a method and apparatus for integrated real-time monitoring and control of microstructure and/or geometry in thermal material processing (TMP) technologies. The method includes obtaining real-time thermal dynamic variables, such as, but not limited to the cooling rate, peak temperature and heating rate, and geometry of the thermal material process. These real-time thermal variables are then analyzed along with a thermal model to determine a microstructure/geometry model. This microstructure/geometry model can then be used to provide the real-time monitoring and control of a finished state for the material being processed by the thermal material processing procedure.

In an embodiment, an electronic device may include a processor that may iteratively simulate candidate control trajectories using upper confidence bound for trees (UCT) to control an environmental control system (e.g., an HVAC system). Each candidate control trajectory may be simulated by selecting a control action at each of a plurality of time steps over a period of time that has the highest upper bound on possible performance using values from previous simulations and predicting a temperature for a next time step of the plurality of time steps that results from applying the selected control action using a thermal model. The processor may determine a value of each candidate control trajectory using a cost function, update the value of each control action selected in each candidate control trajectory, and select a candidate control trajectory with the highest value using UCT to apply to control the environmental control system.

A plasma reactor having a reactor chamber and an electrostatic chuck having a surface for holding a workpiece inside the chamber includes inner and outer zone backside gas pressure sources coupled to the electrostatic chuck for applying a thermally conductive gas under respective pressures to respective inner and outer zones of a workpiece-surface interface formed whenever a workpiece is held on the surface, and inner and outer evaporators inside respective inner and outer zones of the electrostatic chuck and a refrigeration loop having respective inner and outer expansion valves for controlling flow of coolant through the inner and outer evaporators respectively. The reactor further includes inner and outer zone temperature sensors in inner and outer zones of the electrostatic chuck and a thermal model capable of simulating heat transfer through the inner and outer zones, respectively, between the evaporator and the surface based upon measurements from the inner and outer temperature sensors, respectively. Inner and outer zone agile control processors coupled to the thermal model govern the inner and outer zone backside gas pressure sources, respectively, in response to predictions from the model of changes in the respective pressures that would bring the temperatures measured by the inner and outer zone sensors, respectively, closer to a desired temperature.

A plasma reactor with a reactor chamber and an electrostatic chuck having a surface for holding a workpiece inside the chamber includes a backside gas pressure source coupled to the electrostatic chuck for applying a thermally conductive gas under a selected pressure into a workpiece-surface interface formed whenever a workpiece is held on the surface, and an evaporator inside the electrostatic chuck and a refrigeration loop having an expansion valve for controlling flow of coolant through the evaporator. The reactor further includes a temperature sensor in the electrostatic chuck, a thermal model capable of simulating heat transfer between the evaporator and the surface based upon measurements from the temperature sensor and an agile control processor coupled to the thermal model and governing the backside gas pressure source in response to predictions from the model of changes in the selected pressure that would bring the temperature measured by the sensor closer to a desired temperature.

A method of controlling the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a building, the method comprising the steps of: (a) developing an initial thermal model of the building, and continuously updating the thermal model over time; (b) utilising the thermal model to continuously develop a daily HVAC operating plan for the building; and (c) continuously examining a current HVAC operating plan and optimising the alignment of the current HVAC operation with the current HVAC operating plan.

In some embodiments, a planning station can receive image data associated with an image(s) of an area of interest within a body of a patient and display the image(s) on a display device. A user can make a selection of a first interventional tool and a second interventional tool about which information is stored in a memory of the planning station. The planning station can execute a simulation viewable on the display device of a treatment plan for disposing the first and second interventional tools in the body of the patient and applying thermal energy from the first and second interventional tools to the body of the patient. The planning station can generate a thermal model of the thermal effect collectively produced on tissue of the patient by the first interventional tool and the second interventional tools and display the thermal model on the display device.

A method of processing a workpiece in a plasma reactor having an electrostatic chuck for supporting the workpiece within a reactor chamber, the method including circulating a coolant through a refrigeration loop that includes an evaporator inside the electrostatic chuck, while pressurizing a workpiece-to-chuck interface with a thermally conductive gas, sensing conditions in the chamber including temperature near the workpiece and simulating heat flow through the electrostatic chuck in a thermal model of the chuck based upon the conditions. The method further includes obtaining the next scheduled change in RF heat load on the workpiece and using the model to estimate a change in thermal conditions of the coolant in the evaporator that would hold the temperature nearly constant by compensating for the next scheduled change in RF heat load, and making the change in thermal conditions of the coolant in the evaporator prior to the time of the next scheduled change by a head start related to the thermal propagation delay through the electrostatic chuck.

A method and apparatus for full-chip thermal analysis of semiconductor chip designs is provided. One embodiment of a novel method for performing thermal analysis of a semiconductor chip design comprises receiving at least one input relating to a semiconductor chip design to be analyzed. The input is then processed to produce a three-dimensional thermal model of the semiconductor chip design. In another embodiment, thermal analysis of the semiconductor chip design is performed by calculating power dissipated by transistors and interconnects included in the semiconductor chip design and distributing power dissipated by the interconnects.

The temperature of a stator coil is measured by a temperature sensor (14), amplified by a stator coil temperature amplifier (21), and transmitted to a vehicle control section (23). Further, motor cooling oil (17) for cooling the outer periphery of the stator cools the stator coil (16) along an end coil section of the stator coil (16). The temperature of the motor cooling oil raised by the stator coil (16) is measured by a temperature sensor (15) and transmitted also to the vehicle control section (23) via a motor cooling oil temperature amplifier (22). The vehicle control section (23) estimates the temperature of a rotor magnet based on a thermal model (relationship between temperature, a heat production amount, and heat resistance) of the motor cooling oil, the stator coil, and the rotor magnet by using the motor cooling oil temperature and the stator coil temperature as input values and sends a control instruction to a motor control section (24).

A plasma reactor having a reactor chamber and an electrostatic chuck with a surface for holding a workpiece inside the chamber includes a backside gas pressure source coupled to the electrostatic chuck for applying a thermally conductive gas under a selected pressure into a workpiece-surface interface formed whenever a workpiece is held on the surface and an evaporator inside the electrostatic chuck and a refrigeration loop having an expansion valve for controlling flow of coolant through the evaporator. The reactor further includes a temperature sensor in the electrostatic chuck and a memory storing a schedule of changes in RF power or wafer temperature. The reactor further includes a thermal model capable of simulating heat transfer between the evaporator and the surface based upon measurements from the temperature sensor, and a control processor coupled to the thermal model and to the memory and governing the backside gas pressure source in response to a prediction from the model of a change in the selected pressure that would compensate for the next scheduled change in RF power or implement the next scheduled change in wafer temperature.

The invention relates to an SOC and SOT combined state estimation method based on a power battery electric-thermal coupling model, and belongs to the technical field of battery management. The methodcomprises the steps of selecting a to-be-measured power battery, building the electric-thermal model of the power battery, and determining parameters needed for estimating the SOC and the SOT of the power battery; under different temperatures, conducting trickling charging-discharging experiments and HPPC experiments on the measured power battery, building a database of equivalent circuit model parameters relevant to the temperature and the SOC under a charging and discharging condition, and simulating field test working conditions under different road conditions to build the database; conducting parameter identification to obtain characteristic parameters of the electric-thermal model, and obtaining the quantitative relation between the equivalent circuit model parameters and the temperature and the SOC under the charging and discharging condition. By means of the SOC and SOT combined state estimation method based on the power battery electric-thermal coupling model, the model is combined with a PF algorithm and the quantitative relation of the equivalent circuit model parameters relevant to the temperature and the SOC under the charging and discharging condition of the power battery to achieve the SOC and SOT combined state estimation of the power battery.

Methods for adaptive real time control of a system for thermal processing substrates, such as semiconductor wafers and display panels. Generally, the method includes creating a dynamic model of the thermal processing system, incorporating wafer bow in the dynamic model, coupling a diffusion-amplification model into the dynamic thermal model, creating a multivariable controller, parameterizing the nominal setpoints, creating a process sensitivity matrix, creating intelligent setpoints using an efficient optimization method and process data, and establishing recipes that select appropriate models and setpoints during run-time.

A method for optimized utilization of available energy resources/sources (3) of an electrical system such as for a vehicle generator system. The steps include: determining performance parameters L_Ist (e.g. current I, voltage U, temperature T, power P_D (P_verlust), P_E (P_wirk), efficiency, etc.) of a preferred energy resource (3); entering performance parameters L_Ist (current I, voltage U, temperature T, altitude of the vehicle, etc.) of the energy resource (3) into a thermal model (7); comparing a performance parameter L_Ist of the energy resource (3) with a specified performance limit parameter L_Soll at a specified threshold level; determining a value for an energy reservoir E_Rest of a preferred energy resource (3); and to calculate a remaining time T_Max depending on the energy reservoir E_Rest of a preferred energy resource (3) and using the one or more identified performance parameters L_Ist to maintain an operational state of the vehicle.

The invention discloses an internal temperature estimation method for a lithium battery based on a discrete sliding-mode observer. The method comprises the following steps that a lithium battery discrete state space model for internal temperature estimation is established; a working voltage, a working current, a surface temperature and an external environment temperature of the lithium battery under a working condition are collected in real time; parameters of the lithium battery discrete state space model are identified online; and the discrete sliding-mode observer is constructed to estimate the internal temperature of the lithium battery in real time. The method has a good temperature estimation effect, can ensure the convergence of the observer strictly, and is highly robust for modeling errors, model parameter perturbation and external disturbance of the lithium battery thermal model.

Methods and apparatuses are disclosed to estimate temperature at one or more critical points in a data processing system comprising modeling a steady state temperature portion of a thermal model at the one or more critical points using regression analysis; modeling the transient temperature portion of the thermal model at the one or more critical points using a filtering algorithm; and generating a thermal model at the one or more critical points by combining the steady state temperature portion of the thermal model with the transient temperature portion of the thermal model. The thermal model may then be used to estimate an instantaneous temperature at the one or more critical points or to predict a future temperature at the one or more critical points.

The present invention provides a method for predicting the cycle life of a lithium battery based on the electrochemical thermo-coupling model. The method comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining physical parameters and electrochemical parameters of the lithium battery, and carrying out a charging and discharging cycle test on the battery; 2) using the parameter information obtained in step 1) to establish an electrochemical thermo-coupling model, and carrying out validity verification on the model, wherein the electrochemical thermo-coupled model is a coupling model of a quasi-two-dimensional electrochemical model and a three-dimensional thermal model; 3) verifying the validity of the model; 4) determining the experience life function; and 5) obtaining the final life function. According to the method provided by the present invention, by constructing the electrochemical thermo-coupling multi-physics field model, function fitting is carried out on the simulated life curve, so that the battery life prediction method with fast response, strong forecasting ability and wide application range is obtained.

A system is provided that includes a torch power unit. The torch power unit includes a monitor and/or control configured to determine a temperature of a component of the torch power unit based on the one or more inputs without a direct temperature measurement of the component. A method of operation is provided that includes receiving one or more inputs associated with a device, and estimating a temperature of the device based on the one or inputs without directly measuring temperature of the device. A tangible machine-readable medium is provided that includes code for determining a thermal capacity of the device, code for determining a thermal resistance of the device, and code for determining a temperature of the device based on thermal capacity and the thermal resistance method.

An adaptive real time thermal processing system is presented that includes a multivariable controller. Generally, the method includes creating a dynamic model of the thermal processing system; incorporating reticle/mask curvature in the dynamic model; coupling a diffusion-amplification model into the dynamic thermal model; creating a multivariable controller; parameterizing the nominal setpoints into a vector of intelligent setpoints; creating a process sensitivity matrix; creating intelligent setpoints using an efficient optimization method and process data; and establishing recipes that select appropriate models and setpoints during run-time.