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1379 results about "Overcharge" patented technology
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Overcharge is an economic term that refers to the difference between an observed market price and a price that would have been observed in the absence of collusion. The latter is often called a "but-for price" or a competitive "benchmark price". When collusion is not in use, such as by privately owned businesses, overcharge is considered as a markup of the observed market price for the sole profit of the business and in some states is considered illegal, similar to profiteering and price gouging.
Battery pack manager
ActiveUS20060103351A1Without introducing complexityIncrease power consumptionCharge equalisation circuitMaterial analysis by electric/magnetic meansEngineeringVoltage reference
In a battery pack manager that manages series-connected rechargeable unit cells, a cell equalizer equalizes the cell voltages by individually discharging the unit cells according to deviations from reference voltages. An overcharge / overdischarge detector detects an overcharge and an overdischarge state of each unit cell. An inhibit circuit prevents the cell equalizer from discharging the unit cells when the overcharge / overdischarge detector is activated to reduce the cell voltage variability, which would otherwise occur as a result of interference from the overcharge / overdischarge detector, so that the overcharge / overdischarge states of all unit cells can be determined with precision. Connecting lines of the unit cells are monitored to detect a line-cut. The inhibit circuit further inhibits the cell equalizer when the connecting lines are being monitored to reduce the cell voltage variability, which would otherwise occur as a result of interference from the line-cut detection, so that false line-cut detection is avoided.
Owner:DENSO CORP
Battery pack and cordless power tool having the same
ActiveUS20060222930A1Avoid switchingPrevent degradationCell temperature controlCells structural combinationDrive motorPower tool
A compact battery pack with high handling ability and restraining degradation of battery cells. The battery pack includes an insertion portion to be inserted into a handle portion of a cordless power tool and an accommodation portion in which all battery cells are accommodatable. A protection board with a protection circuit that protects batteries against overcharge and over-discharge is installed in the insertion portion. A switching element is connected between the battery cells and a drive motor of the power tool. An air passage in communication with the battery pack is formed within the handle and a main housing of the cordless power tool. The switching element is positioned at the air passage.
Owner:HITACHI KOKI CO LTD
Redox shuttle for rechargeable lithium-ion cell
InactiveUS20050221196A1Excellent repeated overcharge stabilityNon-aqueous electrolyte accumulatorsOrganic electrolyte cellsLithiumAlkoxy group
A redox chemical shuttle comprising an aromatic compound substituted with at least one tertiary carbon organic group and at least one alkoxy group (for example, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene) provides repeated overcharge protection in rechargeable lithium-ion cells.
Owner:3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
Charge/discharge control device for secondary battery and hybrid vehicle using the same
ActiveUS20100000809A1Performance maximizationPreventing overchargeElectrical testingSecondary cells charging/dischargingElectrical batteryEngineering
A state estimation value indicating a battery state is successively calculated from time to time according to a battery model capable of dynamically estimating the internal state of the secondary battery by using an inspection value of a sensor group indicating the secondary battery behavior. By using the sate estimation value at each moment estimated by the battery model expression at each predetermined cycle, an I / O-enabled time is predicted when a predetermined power is continuously inputted (charged) or outputted (discharged) from the current moment. A load operation instruction of the secondary battery is set so as to avoid overcharge and over-discharge of the secondary battery according to the operation request to the load and by considering the predicted characteristics between input / output power and input / output-allowed time.
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
Lithium-ion batteries with intrinsic pulse overcharge protection
The present invention relates in general to the field of lithium rechargeable batteries, and more particularly relates to the positive electrode design of lithium-ion batteries with improved high-rate pulse overcharge protection. Thus the present invention provides electrochemical devices containing a cathode comprising at least one primary positive material and at least one secondary positive material; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a redox shuttle additive; wherein the redox potential of the redox shuttle additive is greater than the redox potential of the primary positive material; the redox potential of the redox shuttle additive is lower than the redox potential of the secondary positive material; and the redox shuttle additive is stable at least up to the redox potential of the secondary positive material.
Owner:UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC
Secondary battery
Provided is a secondary battery in which high energy density can be obtained and charging / discharging cycle characteristic can be improved. A positive electrode (13) and a negative electrode (15) are stacked with a separator (16) interposed therebetween, and are enclosed inside an exterior can (11) to which an electrolyte is injected. The negative electrode (15) contains a negative electrode material capable of occluding / releasing lithium in an ionic state. Thereby, lithium metal precipitates in the negative electrode (15) in a state where the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage. In other words, lithium is occluded in an ionic state in a negative electrode material capable of occluding / releasing lithium in the beginning of charging, and then lithium metal precipitates on the surface of the negative electrode material thereafter during charging. The amount of precipitation of lithium metal is preferable to be from 0.05 to 3.0 times, both inclusive, the ability of charging capacity of the negative electrode material capable of occluding / releasing lithium. Thereby, a high energy density and an excellent cycle characteristic can be obtained.
Owner:MURATA MFG CO LTD
Substituted phenothiazine redox shuttles for rechargeable lithium-ion cell
InactiveUS20060263697A1Non-aqueous electrolyte accumulatorsElectrode carriers/collectorsLithiumRedox
A rechargeable lithium-ion cell contains a positive electrode, negative electrode, charge-carrying electrolyte containing charge carrying medium and lithium salt, and an N-substituted or C-substituted phenothiazine compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte. The substituted phenothiazine compound has an oxidation potential above the positive electrode recharged potential and serves as a cyclable redox chemical shuttle providing cell overcharge protection.
Owner:3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
Preparation method of lithium ion battery pole piece containing PTC coating
InactiveCN104409681AImprove conductivityLow resistivityElectrode manufacturing processesBatteriesSlurryPole piece
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion battery pole piece containing a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) coating. The pole piece prepared by the method is a multilayer coated pole piece. The method comprises the following steps: before coating slurry comprising an anode or a cathode active substance onto a current collector, coating the current collector with a precoated layer with the temperature sensitivity in advance, wherein the precoated layer with the temperature sensitivity comprises ingredients of a binding agent, a positive temperature material and a conductive agent; the weight ratio of the binding agent to the positive temperature material to the conductive agent is (2-8): (1-8): (0-7). The method provided by the invention is used for preparing the lithium ion battery pole piece containing the PTC coating; the battery using the pole piece has good safety characteristics against overcharge, short circuit, squeezing, needling and the like.
Owner:SHANGHAI AEROSPACE POWER TECH
Secondary battery module having piezo sensor
ActiveUS20060246345A1Accurate measurementWidth of channelCell temperature controlCells structural combinationInternal pressureEngineering
Disclosed herein is a secondary battery module comprising a plurality of unit cells stacked one on another, wherein the unit cells are spaced apart from each other such that a channel for heat dissipation is defined between the unit cells, the battery module further comprises at least one piezoelectric sensor mounted in the channel, and the at least one piezoelectric sensor is connected to a battery management system (BMS). According to the present invention, the piezoelectric sensor is mounted in the channel defined between the unit cells of the secondary battery module. Consequently, no additional space for installing the piezoelectric sensor is needed, and therefore, the increase of the size of the battery module is effectively prevented. Furthermore, the change of the internal pressure of the battery is accurately detected by the piezoelectric sensor, and therefore, the expansion or the explosion of the battery caused due to the overcharge or overheating of the unit cells is effectively prevented.
Owner:LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
Overcharge protection for electrochemical cells
InactiveUS20070072085A1Extending overcharge capacity of cellMinimize impactNon-aqueous electrolyte accumulatorsFinal product manufactureAlkaline earth metalBoric acid
The invention relates to an improvement in a cell which is normally susceptible to damage from overcharging comprised of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte comprised of an overcharge protection salt carried in a carrier or solvent. Representative overcharge protection salts are embraced by the formula: MaQ where M is an electrochemically stable cation selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, tetraalkylammonium, or imidazolium groups, and Q is a borate or heteroborate cluster and a is the integer 1 or 2.
Owner:AIR PROD & CHEM INC
Battery pack, battery protection processsing apparatus, and control method of the battery protection processing apparatus
ActiveUS20050134230A1Improve securityExtension of timeEmergency protective circuit arrangementsMaterial analysis by electric/magnetic meansMicrocontrollerCharge current
It is aimed at stably implementing a protection function of a secondary battery mainly under software control and providing a battery pack characterized by a reduced circuit installation area, parts costs, and power consumption. An AD converter outputs a voltage value between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a secondary battery. Based on the voltage value, a microcontroller determines a state of the secondary battery out of overcharge, normal operation, and over-discharge states. According to the determined state, the microcontroller controls operations of a discharge current cutoff means and a charge current cutoff means via a FET driver. When it is determined that the secondary battery is placed in an overcurrent state based on the charge and discharge current size of the secondary battery, an overcurrent detection circuit enables the discharge current cutoff means to be a cutoff state in preference to control by the microcontroller.
Owner:SONY CORP +1
Spirally-wound non-aqueous secondary battery and electrode plate used therefor
InactiveUS20050266305A1Ensure safetyCell seperators/membranes/diaphragms/spacersFinal product manufacturePorous membraneEngineering
To provide a non-aqueous secondary battery having a capacity as high as that of a conventional battery using a conventional resin separator and achieving excellent overcharge characteristics and excellent resistance to external short-circuit, a combined electrode plate for a spirally-wound electrode group for a non-aqueous secondary battery including a current collector, an active material layer carried on the current collector and a multi-layer porous membrane carried on the active material layer is used. The multi-layer porous membrane includes a first porous membrane and a second porous membrane. The first porous membrane contains metal oxide particles and a first binder. The second porous membrane contains resin particles and a second binder. The thickness of the multi-layer porous membrane is preferably 15 to 25 μm.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP
Method of quick charging lithium-based secondary battery and electronic device using same
InactiveUS20100156356A1Prevent overchargingFast chargingBatteries circuit arrangementsCell seperators/membranes/diaphragms/spacersElectrical batteryTerminal voltage
A charging current is maintained at a predetermined constant quick charging current (S1) and a full charge determination is made at a point in time (S7) when the terminal voltage (V1) (S6) reaches the charge end voltage Vf′. The charge end voltage Vf′ is taken as a voltage (S5) obtained by adding a voltage drop amount VD (S4) that is obtained by multiplying an internal resistance value (S3) estimated from the temperature T (S2) of a secondary battery by a quick charging current value to a predetermined initial charge end voltage Vf. Therefore, a constant high current can be supplied from the beginning to the end and quick charging can be performed up to a full charge, while preventing overcharge, in place of the conventional CC-CV charging.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP
Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery including the same
ActiveCN102569886AHigh decomposition voltageRaise the reaction temperatureSecondary cellsStable stateOrganic solvent
A non-aqueous electrolyte including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an electrolyte additive is provided. The electrolyte additive is a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer formed by reacting Compound (A) and Compound (B). Compound (A) is a monomer having a reactive terminal functional group. Compound (B) is a heterocyclic amino aromatic derivative as an initiator. A molar ratio of Compound (A) to Compound (B) is from 10:1 to 1:10. A lithium secondary battery containing the non-aqueous electrolyte is further provided. The non-aqueous electrolyte of this disclosure has a higher decomposition voltage than a conventional non-aqueous electrolyte, such that the safety of the battery during overcharge or at high temperature caused by short-circuit current is improved.
Owner:IND TECH RES INST
Current collector, pole piece using same and battery
InactiveCN106910897AImprove securityIncrease resistanceElectrode carriers/collectorsSecondary cellsElectrical resistance and conductanceForeign matter
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a current collector, a pole piece using the same and a battery. The current collector comprises a PPTC (polymeric positive temperature coefficient) material layer and a metal layer, wherein the PPTC material layer is used for bearing the metal layer; the metal layer is used for bearing an electrode active material layer and is located on at least one surface of the PPTC material layer. The PPTC material layer not only is used for bearing the metal layer, but also can have a rapid resistance increasing function at the stage of temperature rising caused by overcharge and short circuiting because of characteristics of the PPTC material, and generation of joule's heat is inhibited by reducing current value. By means of the current collector, the short-circuiting safety performance because of foreign matter can be improved, and the overcharge safety performance can also be improved.
Owner:CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO
Nonaqueous secondary cell
InactiveUS20070134558A1Inhibit deteriorationImprove cycle performanceNon-aqueous electrolyte accumulatorsOrganic electrolyte cellsSpinelManganese oxide
Using a positive electrode active material including spinel type manganese oxide as the main constituent, a novel low cost and high output power flat type nonaqueous secondary cell for HEVs that has increased safety at overcharge, and superior storage properties and cycle life is provided. A flat type nonaqueous secondary cell that has increased safety and is superior in storage and cycle properties even though the cell is a laminate type cell which does not have a blocking mechanism can be obtained by blending the spinel type lithium manganese oxide of the positive electrode and 5 wt % to 40 wt % of layered type lithium manganese oxide, to suppress storage deterioration at a high temperature and to simultaneously achieve safety when overcharged, and further, by adding a Li compound having a structure as shown in Formula (1) structure, to suppress deterioration of a mixed positive electrode active material during a high temperature cycle.
Owner:HITACHI LTD +1
Current prediction in a switching power supply
ActiveUS20060119331A1Reliable supplyReduces and eliminates switchingTransistorEfficient power electronics conversionMicrocontrollerCapacitance
A high efficiency switching power supply including an analog front end, a battery control circuitry portion, a display and equalization circuitry portion, field effect transistor (FET) drivers, an isolated power supply transformer circuitry (and three associated sets of tap circuitry), microcontroller circuitry, oscillator circuitry, overcharge protection circuitry, programmable logic circuitry portion, and a zero current predictor. Overbiasing of the FET power supply switches, and / or other various circuitry features disclosed herein, helps achieve electrical power efficiencies of preferably greater than 95%, even more preferably greater than 98% and even more preferably greater than 99%. Preferably, the switching power supply has one or more of the following: (1) high electrical power efficiency (>95%. >98%, >99%); (2) overbiasing of a gate of a power supply switch; (3) a power supply switch with a low gate capacitance ratio; (4) multiple modes of operation; and (5) current prediction wherein an inductor voltage is used to control a constant current capacitor whose voltage indicates the level of current in the inductor.
Owner:ELECTROVAYA
Battery protective device and semiconductor integrated circuit device
InactiveUS20080278116A1Avoid thermal damageEasy to detect chargeTransistorElectronic switchingElectrical resistance and conductanceEngineering
A battery protective device that protects against battery damage and semiconductor destruction from overdischarge and overcharge of the battery. Resistance across switching elements is controllable to prevent current leakage through parasitic dipole elements in the integrated circuit. Current is detected with an overdischarge detecting circuit and an overcharge detecting circuit. Direction of the current to / from the battery is detected by discharge overcurrent and charge overcurrent detecting circuits. Switching discharge FETs and charge FETs are enabled as independently controlled, ON-OFF parallel switching elements, interposed in series in the charge / discharge current path of the battery. Only a part of the discharge or charge switching FETs can be turned ON and OFF for accurate current control in accordance with the detected current and its direction.
Owner:FUJI ELECTRIC CO LTD
Rechargeable lithium electrochemical cell
InactiveUS6942949B2Organic electrolyte cellsNon-aqueous electrolyte accumulator electrodesMethyl carbonatePhosphate
A secondary battery is comprised of a positive electrode, a negative electrode formed from a lithium storage material, and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes a lithium salt, non-aqueous aprotic solvent(s), such as ethylen carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethymethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, and a small percentage of at least one organic additive. The negative electrode may comprise a carbon such as graphite, and the positive electrode may comprise a lithiated metal oxide or phosphate, such as LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4, or mixtures thereof. The organic additives have one or more unsaturated bonds activated with respect to oxidation by electron-pushing alkyl groups. They are in most cases known to be able to undergo polymerization reactions, such as an anodically induced polymerization especially under certain conditions. The additives are oxidized at the cathode at a potential of more than 4.3 V vs. Li / Li+. With these additives in amounts of 0.001 to 10%, a passivation layer is formed on the cathodes, and the sensitiveness of the battery against overcharge is reduced. The electrolyte mixtures do not deteriorate the properties of the battery anodes.
Owner:LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD
Separator of lithium-ion-battery preparation and method thereof
ActiveUS20140322587A1Cell component detailsSecondary cells servicing/maintenanceAdhesiveLithium-ion battery
The present disclosure relates to a separator of a lithium-ion battery and a preparation method thereof, the separator comprises a substrate membrane and a coating provided on a surface of the substrate membrane, the coating comprises ceramic particles, an adhesive and a solid polymer wax which has a melting point of 85˜120° C., a molecular weight of 1,000˜25,000 and a particle size of 0.5˜10 μm. When the lithium-ion battery is heated due to overcharge and the like to make the interior temperature reach the melting point of the solid polymer wax, the solid polymer wax can be melt and enter among the ceramic particles and into the micropores of the substrate membrane by capillarity so as to function as electrical disconnection, which can effectively cut off the channel of the lithium ions and stop the overcharge, and ensure the safety performance of the lithium-ion battery under the situation of overcharge.
Owner:DONGGUAN AMPEREX TECH
Battery pack manager and method of detecting a line cut
ActiveUS7564217B2Without introducing complexityIncrease power consumptionCharge equalisation circuitMaterial analysis by electric/magnetic meansVoltage referenceEngineering
Owner:DENSO CORP
Electric automobile serial lithium battery management system and a management method thereof
InactiveCN104852435ABalanced charge and discharge controlBatteries circuit arrangementsElectric powerElectrical batteryEngineering
The invention provides an electric automobile serial lithium battery management system and a management method thereof. The management system comprises a mater controller module, battery pack control modules, a battery voltage detection module, a battery current detection module, a data storage module, a temperature control module, a display module, an alarm module, a power module and a power control module. The system and the management method can realize voltage and current acquisition and battery temperature control of a whole lithium battery system; each battery pack control module has a single battery voltage and temperature acquisition function and an equalization charge and discharge control function; and the system can identify other batteries with overlarge battery voltage differences in a battery pack and realize capacity consistency of single batteries through a charge and discharge control circuit, avoids overcharge or undercharge of the single batteries, realizes equalized charge and discharge of the lithium battery pack, estimates the service life of the single batteries and the coupling degree with the battery pack according to historical values of voltage, charge and discharge current and temperature parameters, and guarantees long-acting and safe operation of the lithium battery system.
Owner:LIAOCHENG UNIV
Method and apparatus for predicting the available energy of a battery
InactiveUS6618681B2High resolutionIncrease capacityElectrical testingDc source parallel operationInternal resistanceState of charge
Owner:SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
Battery pack, battery protection processing apparatus and control method thereof
ActiveUS7579811B2Ensure stable implementationReduce consumptionEmergency protective circuit arrangementsMaterial analysis by electric/magnetic meansMicrocontrollerCharge current
Owner:SONY CORP +1
Lithium secondary batteries with charge-cutoff voltages over 4.35
InactiveUS20060068293A1Reduce reduction reactionImprove securityAlkaline accumulatorsFinal product manufactureEngineeringLithium-ion battery
Disclosed is a lithium secondary battery comprising a cathode (C), an anode (A), a separator and an electrolyte, wherein the battery has a weight ratio (A / C) of anode active material (A) to cathode active material (C) per unit area of each electrode of between 0.44 and 0.70, and shows a charge cut-off voltage of between 4.35V and 4.6V. The high-voltage lithium secondary battery satisfies capacity balance by controlling the weight ratio (A / C) of anode active material (A) to cathode active material (C) per unit area of each electrode. Therefore, it is possible to significantly increase the available capacity and average discharge voltage of a battery using a lithium / cobalt-based cathode active material, which shows an available capacity of about 50% in a conventional 4.2V-battery. Additionally, it is possible to significantly improve battery safety under overcharge conditions, and thus to provide a high-voltage and high-capacity lithium secondary battery having excellent safety and long service life.
Owner:LG CHEM LTD
Lithium secondary cell and nonaqueous electrolyte
InactiveUS20040028996A1Preventing sudden heat generationAvoid reactionFinal product manufactureCell temperature controlMetallic lithiumSimple Organic Compounds
The sudden generation of heat being frequently caused in the case of the overcharge of a lithium secondary cell which have a positive electrode comprising a composite metal oxide of lithium and cobalt or a composite metal oxide of lithium and nickel, a negative electrode comprising metallic lithium, a lithium alloy or a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte dissolved therein can be efficiently prevented by the addition, to the nonaqueous electrolyte solution, of an organic compound which, when the lithium secondary cell is overcharged, decomposes into a decomposition product capable of dissolving out the cobalt or nickel contained in the positive electrode and depositing it ion the negative electrode (for example, a tert-alkylbenzene derivative).
Owner:UBE IND LTD
N-oxide redox shuttles for rechargeable lithium-ion cell
InactiveUS20060263695A1Non-aqueous electrolyte accumulatorsElectrode carriers/collectorsLithiumRedox
A rechargeable lithium-ion cell contains a positive electrode, negative electrode, charge-carrying electrolyte containing charge carrying medium and lithium salt, and cycloaliphatic N-oxide compound dissolved in or dissolvable in the electrolyte. The N-oxide compound has an oxidation potential above the positive electrode recharged potential and serves as a cyclable redox chemical shuttle providing cell overcharge protection.
Owner:3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
Passive over/under voltage control and protection for energy storage devices associated with energy harvesting
ActiveUS20090251099A1Connection securitySecondary cells charging/dischargingElectric powerElectronic loadZener diode
Described herein is, for example, a battery or capacitor over voltage (overcharge) and under-voltage protection circuit, that, for example, is adapted to not draw current from the battery or capacitor to be charged unless charge energy is detected and to not charge an energy storage device when an over-charge condition is sensed. The protection circuit may, for example, not be turned on unless an over voltage condition is present. Incoming energy to the system can be shunted to ground via a shunt load of various types including resistive loads and active components such as a zener diode. In some embodiments, no switching of the inbound power is required. Within limits, no regulation of inbound power is needed. When inbound power is sufficient to charge the battery or capacitor, regulation can occur via the applied shunt regulator if overcharge voltage conditions exist. Either type of charge source, voltage or current, can be used to provide charge energy. Combining said battery or capacitor over voltage (overcharge) and under-voltage protection circuit with electronic loads, such as wireless sensors, may lead to autonomously-powered wireless sensor systems.
Owner:SAPURAST RES
Rechargeable battery and module thereof
ActiveUS20100227205A1Preventing and reducingTemperature be prevented and reducedSmall-sized cells cases/jacketsLarge-sized cells cases/jacketsElectricityRechargeable cell
A rechargeable battery adapted to prevent or reduce overcharge. A rechargeable battery includes a case containing an electrode assembly; a cap plate coupled to the case and sealing an opening of the case; a first electrode terminal connected to a first electrode of the electrode assembly and electrically connected to the case; a second electrode terminal connected to a second electrode of the electrode assembly and electrically insulated from the case when a pressure inside the case is less than a threshold pressure; and a short-circuit unit including a short-circuit member connected to the second electrode terminal, the short-circuit unit adapted to short-circuit the second electrode terminal to the case by swelling a portion of the case to contact the short-circuit member when the pressure inside the case is equal to or greater than the threshold pressure.
Owner:ROBERT BOSCH GMBH +1
Quick charging method of lithium based secondary battery and electronic apparatus employing it
InactiveCN101636872APrevent overchargingFast chargingBatteries circuit arrangementsCell seperators/membranes/diaphragms/spacersLithiumCharge current
A charging current is maintained at a predetermined constant quick charging current (S1), and full charge is judged at a point in time (S7) when the terminal voltage V1 (S6) reaches the charge end voltage Vf'. A voltage drop VD (S4) obtained by multiplying an internal resistance (S3) estimated from the temperature T (S2) of a secondary battery by a quick charge current value is added to a predetermined initial charge end voltage Vf to obtain a voltage (S5) which is employed as the charge end voltage Vf'. Consequently, a quick charge can be performed up to a full charge in place of conventional CC-CV charging by supplying a constant large current from the start to the end while preventing overcharge.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP
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