The invention discloses a lithium-rich manganese-based power battery which comprises a positive plate, a negative plate and a diaphragm, wherein the positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive pole material coated on the positive current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative pole material coated on the negative current collector, the positive pole material comprises a positive pole active substance, a positive pole conductive agent and a positive pole binding agent, the positive pole material further comprises a toughener and an activating agent, the positive pole active substance is of lithium-rich manganese-based, and the general formula of the lithium-rich manganese-based power battery is xLi2MnO3.(1-x) LiYO2, wherein Y is one or more of Co, Mn, Ni and Cr, x is more than 0 and less than 1, and the compacted density and the electric capacity of the battery are high. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the lithium-rich manganese-based power battery, and the lithium-rich manganese-based power battery prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high energy density, high discharge capacity and the like.