693 results about "Joule" patented technology

Methods and systems are provided for achieving delivery of power wirelessly using a highly beam-formed array of radio frequency (RF) transmitters as a source and a spatially beam-formed array of receivers that collect the impinged RF power and feed a multistage RF to direct current (RF-DC) conversion circuit that, for example, increases output voltage by doubling the voltage at each stage, while power delivery remains constant. One or more embodiments may provide energy wirelessly and—unlike conventional systems where the power flux density may be too low for applications where an energy density (specific energy) on the order of several mega-Joules per kilogram (MJ/Kg) is desired—may provide sufficient power flux density for many practical applications.

A breathable composite sheet material, a method for making such a sheet material, and an absorbent article utilizing the sheet material are provided. The composite sheet material is comprised of a thermoplastic film adhered directly to a fibrous substrate. The thermoplastic film comprises at least 50% by weight of a polymer material from the group of block copolyether esters, block copolyether amides and polyurethanes. The substrate comprises a fibrous web of at least 50% by weight of polyolefin polymer synthetic fibers. The composite sheet exhibits a peel strength of at least 0.1 N/cm, a dynamic fluid transmission of less than about 0.75 g/m² when subjected to an impact energy of about 2400 joules/m², and a moisture vapor transmission rate, according to the desiccant method, of at least 1500 g/m²/24 hr. The absorbent article comprises (a) a topsheet; (b) a backsheet; and (c) an absorbent core located between the topsheet and the backsheet; wherein the backsheet comprises the non-porous, substantially fluid impermeable, moisture vapor permeable composite sheet material described above. The composite sheet material is oriented such that the film layer of the composite sheet material faces toward the absorbent core. The absorbent article may comprise a disposable diaper.

An electronic device having one or more components that generate heat during operation includes a structure for temperature management and heat dissipation. The structure for temperature management and heat dissipation comprises a heat transfer substrate having a surface that is in thermal communication with the ambient environment and a temperature management material in physical contact with at least a portion of the one or more components of the electronic device and at least a portion of the heat transfer substrate. The temperature management material comprises a polymeric phase change material having a latent heat of at least 5 Joules per gram and a transition temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., and a thermal conductive filler.

An external defibrillator with an output circuit having four legs arrayed in the form of an “H” (an “H-bridge”) is disclosed. The output circuit is designed to be able to conduct a range of defibrillation pulse energies, from below 50 joules to above 200 joules. Each leg of the output circuit contains a solid-state switch. By selectively switching on pairs of switches in the H-bridge, a biphasic defibrillation pulse may be applied to a patient. The switches in three of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit are preferably SCR switches, while the fourth leg includes an IGBT switch. In one embodiment, a single power switch is utilized in each of the legs of the H-bridge output circuit, and are included in a single integrated module or package. The use of single semiconductor switches in an integrated surface mountable module or package simplifies the assembly and manufacturing of the defibrillator device. The use of a single IGBT in a leg of the H-bridge (as opposed to two or more IGBTs in series) also greatly simplifies the drive circuitry required to turn on and off the IGBT.

In a non-volatile phase change memory, information is recorded by utilizing a change in resistance of a phase change portion. When the phase change portion is allowed to generate Joule's heat and is held at a specific temperature, it goes into a state of a low resistance. At this time, if a constant voltage source is used, not only the phase change portion assumes a state of a low resistance, but also a large current flows, so that a sample concerned is overheated and goes into a state of a high resistance. Thus, it is difficult to make the phase change portion low in resistance stably. When the gate voltage of a memory cell selection transistor QM is controlled with MISFET to afford a low resistance state, the maximum amount of current applied to the sample is limited by the application of a medium-state voltage.

A controller for a rechargeable battery and a temperature estimation method and a deterioration determination method for a rechargeable battery enabling an accurate battery temperature to be obtained through calculation. The controller calculates a heat generation amount of Joule heat generated in the rechargeable battery and a heat generation amount of chemical reaction heat generated in the rechargeable battery to calculate the battery temperature of the rechargeable battery based on the calculated Joule heat generation amount and the calculated chemical reaction heat generation amount. When a cooling device is connected to the rechargeable battery, the controller preferably calculates the battery temperature of the rechargeable battery using the Joule heat generation amount, the chemical reaction heat generation amount, and a value indicating the cooling capability of the cooling device.

A low-EMI circuit which realizes a high mounting density by converting the potential fluctuation of a power supply layer with respect to a ground layer which occurs on switching an IC device etc., into Joule's heat in the substrate without using any parts as a countermeasure against the EMI. Its structure, a circuit board using it, and a method of manufacturing the circuit board are also disclosed. Parallel plate lines in which the Q-value of the stray capacitance between solid layers viewed from the power supply layer and ground layer is equivalently reduced and which are matchedly terminated by forming a structure in which a resistor (resistor layer) and another ground layer are provided in addition to the power supply layer and the ground layer on a multilayered circuit board. A closed shield structure is also disclosed. This invention can remarkably suppress unwanted radiation by absorbing the potential fluctuation (resonance) which occurs in a power supply loop by equivalently reducing the Q-value of the stray capacitance, absorbing the standing wave by the parallel plate lines matchedly terminated and, closing and shielding the parallel plate lines.

The present invention is of device, system, and method for cooling and heating an operating tip of a cryoprobe using a single source of compressed gas. Cooling of the operating tip is effected by Joule-Thomson expansion of a high-pressure cooling gas through a Joule-Thomson orifice into an expansion chamber. Heating of the operating tip is effected by electrical resistance heating. In preferred embodiments, heating of the operating tip is effected by electrical resistance heating of low-pressure gas flowing towards the operating tip. Preferably, gas from a single gas source is supplied to the probe during both cooling and heating phases, a cooling gas being supplied at high pressure when used for cooling and at low pressure when used for heating. Low-pressure gas supplied during the heating phase is heated as it flows towards the operating tip, preferably by electrical resistance heating within the body of the probe. A single gas input lumen is used during both cooling and heating phases to transport gas into the probe, and a single gas exhaust lumen is used during both cooling and heating phases to conduct gas out of the probe.

A fabric, fiber or article comprising a plurality of fiber bodies, the plurality of fiber bodies including a first fiber material and a second fiber material, wherein the first fiber material comprises a cellulosic material and a phase change material dispersed in the cellulosic material, the phase change material forming a plurality of domains dispersed in the cellulosic material, the phase change material having a latent heat of at least 5 Joules per gram and a transition temperature in the range of 0° C. to 100° C., the phase change material providing thermal regulation based on at least one of absorption and release of the latent heat at the transition temperature. Wherein the second fiber material comprises a fire resistant material.

The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a current collector, a pole piece using the same and a battery. The current collector comprises a PPTC (polymeric positive temperature coefficient) material layer and a metal layer, wherein the PPTC material layer is used for bearing the metal layer; the metal layer is used for bearing an electrode active material layer and is located on at least one surface of the PPTC material layer. The PPTC material layer not only is used for bearing the metal layer, but also can have a rapid resistance increasing function at the stage of temperature rising caused by overcharge and short circuiting because of characteristics of the PPTC material, and generation of joule's heat is inhibited by reducing current value. By means of the current collector, the short-circuiting safety performance because of foreign matter can be improved, and the overcharge safety performance can also be improved.

A closed-cycle refrigerator provides cooling to extremely low temperatures, particularly in the range of 0.5 K to 2.0 K. A 4 K pulse-tube cryocooler cold head or G-M cryocooler cold head liquefies helium in a first cooling chamber at a pressure at approximately 1 atmosphere. Liquid helium flows from the first cooling chamber, through a Joule-Thomson valve, and into a second cooling chamber under a pressure differential created by a pump. Helium vapor extracted from the second cooling chamber by the pump is routed back to the first cooling chamber to be re-condensed. This closed-cycle design provides continuous cooling below 2 K. Cryocooler cold head cold sections have no physical contact with subsequent cooling elements, such as the first and second cooling chambers to reduce vibration transfer. In some embodiments the cryocooler cold head is connected to a vacuum chamber via a vibration damping coupler to further reduce vibration transfer.

A system for producing at least one trench to improve film cooling in a sample is provided. The system includes at least one laser source outputting at least one pulsed laser beam. The pulsed laser beam includes a pulse duration including a range less than about 50 μs, an energy per pulse having a range less than about 0.1 Joule, and a repetition rate with a range greater than about 1000 Hz. The system also includes a control subsystem coupled to the laser source, the control subsystem configured to synchronize a position of the sample with the pulse duration and energy level in order to selectively remove at least one of a thermal barrier coating, a bondcoat and a substrate metal in the sample to form the at least one trench.

Junction diodes fabricated in standard CMOS logic processes can be used as program selectors for One-Time Programmable (OTP) devices. An OTP device can have at least one OTP element coupled to at least one diode in a memory cell. With a metal fuse is used by the OTP element, at least one contact and/or a plurality of vias can be built (possibly with use of one or more jumpers) in the program path to generate more Joule heat to assist with programming. The jumpers are conductive and can be formed of metal, metal gate, local interconnect, polymetal, etc. The metal fuse can also have an extended area that is longer than required by design rules for enhanced programmability. The OTP element can be polysilicon, silicided polysilicon, silicide, polymetal, metal, metal alloy, local interconnect, thermally isolated active region, CMOS gate, or combination thereof.

A thermal transfer printing medium that contains a thermal transfer layer which contains a first taggant and colorant, wherein: the first taggant comprises a fluorescent compound with an excitation wavelength selected from the group consisting of wavelengths of less than 400 nanometers, wavelengths of greater than 700 nanometers. When the thermal transfer layer is printed onto a white polyester substrate with a gloss of at least about 84, a surface smoothness Rz value of 1.2, and a reflective color represented by a chromaticity (a) of 1.91 and (b) of −6.79 and a lightness (L) of 95.63, when expressed by the CIE Lab color coordinate system, and when such printing utilizes a printing speed of 2.5 centimeters per second and a printing energy of 3.2 joules per square centimeter, a printed substrate with certain properties is produced. The printed substrate has a reflective color represented by a chromaticity (a) of from −15 to 15 and (b) from −18 to 18, and the printed substrate has a lightness (L) of less than about 35, when expressed by the CIE Lab color coordinate system. When the printed substrate is illuminated with light source that excites the first taggant with an excitation wavelength selected from the group consisting of wavelengths of less than 400 nanometers, wavelengths greater than 700 nanometers, the printed substrate produces a light fluorescence with a wavelength of from about 300 to about 700 nanometers.

This disclosure provides a casing for the thermal management and protection of an electrochemical cell. The casing may comprise an inner surface configured to be in physical contact with at least a portion of an outer surface of an electrochemical cell. The inner surface may be substantially solid at room temperature. The casing may also comprise a polymer matrix which itself comprises two or more temperature management materials. At least one of the two or more temperature management materials may comprise a microencapsulated phase change material having a latent heat of at least 5 Joules per gram and a transition temperature between 0° C. and 100° C., and at least one other of the two or more temperature management materials may comprise an elastomeric material. The polymer matrix may be substantially homogeneous.

A fiber laser cavity that provides a new pulse shaping and spectral shaping technique is disclosed in this invention to achieve the purpose of resolving the difficulties arising from the issues related to Q-switched solid state lasers. The laser system achieves high repetition rate (1 kHz-100 kHz) and high pulse-to-pulse energy stability with small timing jitter of the laser pulses and scalable to the Joule pulse energy level. The laser system of this invention employs new approach with a hybrid fiber/waveguide master Oscillator-High Power Amplifier (MOPA) laser system in combination with the pulse shaping technology that allows not only to scale the fiber laser pulse energy to the multi-Joule level with high pulse-to-pulse energy stability but also achieve precise control of laser pulse timing jitter in a scale of <100 ps that is at least 5 to 10 time more accurate than for Q-switched systems where the same parameter reaches 500-1000 ps range.

The invention relates to an ice melting method for overhead contact system of an electrified railway and an ice melting system thereof. Major hazards of ice coating of the overhead contact system include accidents that pantograph of electric locomotives can not contact with a contact line to obtain current, contact system brandishes, even falls of piles and collapses, and the like. In the ice melting method and the ice melting system thereof, an upper overhead contact system and a lower overhead contact system are connected in series to form a circuit by a section post, AC or DC ice melting current is input at the head end of the circuit, ice coating thickness and safe ice melting current value are obtained by analyzing meteorological and overhead contact system parameters with an ice coating data processing and control module, and then the ice melting system is controlled to output the ice melting current at the end of the circuit, thus ice is molten by Joule heat generated by the current. In the ice melting method and the ice melting system thereof, ice attached to the contact line is molten by joule heat, and compared with the deicing modes of artificial knock and the like of operation departments, the ice melting method and the ice melting system thereof greatly improve deicing efficiency, thus reducing the effect on railway transport, and eliminating damages of external force on the contact line.

A method and system for laser ablating a target material in an ambient atmosphere are disclosed. The method includes generating one or more laser pulses, each of the laser pulses having a pulse width of 1 picosecond (ps) or less and a pulse energy of 50 micro joules (μJ) or more. The laser pulses are directed towards the target material such that the laser pulses interact with a gas to form a plasma. The plasma removes a portion of the target material by interaction of the plasma with the target material.

A stretch-oriented multilayer film suited for use as a freeze packaging material, a deep drawing packaging material, a vertical pillow packaging material, etc., is provided as a stretch-oriented multilayer film, comprising at least three layers including a surface layer (a) comprising a thermoplastic resin, an intermediate layer (b) comprising a polyamide resin and a surface layer (c) comprising a sealable resin, said multilayer film exhibiting an impact energy of at least 1.5 Joule at a conversion thickness of 50 mum at -10° C. The multilayer film is produced through an inflation process using water having a large capacity as a cooling and a heating medium and including a combination of a high degree of stretching and a high degree of relaxation heat treatment not exercised heretofore.

An optimized gasification/vitrification processing system having a gasification unit which converts organic materials to a hydrogen rich gas and ash in communication with a joule heated vitrification unit which converts the ash formed in the gasification unit into glass, and a plasma which converts elemental carbon and products of incomplete combustion formed in the gasification unit into a hydrogen rich gas.