The invention discloses a habitat factor-based vegetation type spatial simulation method. The method, for spatial complexity and nonlinearity characteristics of vegetation type distribution, introduces an SVM algorithm, and builds a habitat factor-based vegetation type spatial simulation model. The method mainly comprises the three steps of firstly, by utilizing remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis methods, preprocessing basic data of habitat factors such as physioclimate, soil terrains, population traffic and the like of a case area; secondly, adopting a radial basis function (RBF) as a kernel function of an SVM, training an SVM model by applying the preprocessed basic data, searching for optimal model parameters by adopting a grid search method, and building the habitat factor-based vegetation type spatial simulation model; and finally, running and verifying the model, thereby realizing vegetation type spatial distribution simulation of the case area. The method not only facilitates realization of quantitative simulation of vegetation type and vegetation type spatial distribution in a meso-macro-scale but also has very high simulation precision and very high operability.