The invention discloses an impact-proof buffer release control method and experiment apparatus for a space tether system combination body. The impact-proof buffer release control experiment apparatus comprises a master control computer, a visual sense detection device, an optics identifier, an object emulator, an elastic tether, a tether folding and unfolding apparatus, a task platform emulator and a basic platform. An impact-proof buffer release ground experiment platform capable of simulating a space microgravity environment is designed, and a foundation is laid for verifying effectiveness of proposed control strategies on the ground. The impact-proof buffer control method for the tether system combination body is simple, effective and capable of realizing impact-proof buffer control over the combination body via tension force control over tethers so as to prevent system impact and collision The method is advantaged by simple control, rapid control responses, strong robustness, convenience of engineering implementation and the like. The method is suitable for controlling the space tether system combination body on general occasions. The impact-proof buffer release control method and experiment apparatus can be used for simulating the ground experiment platform in a weightless environment in space, and the platform can be widely applicable and can be used for conducting other relevant space simulation experiments.