The invention discloses a heavy type automatic edge banding machine controlled by an encoder, comprising a stand, a chain conveying device, a crawler-type pressing device, a glue supplying and belt pressing device, a belt cutting device, an up/down roughing device, an up/down finishing device, an up/down edge scraping device and an up/down polishing device; wherein the crawler type pressing device is arranged on the stand through a stand column assembly to ensure that the crawler type pressing device can ascend or descend relative to each stand column of the stand column assembly, and an upper roughing assembly of the up/down roughing device, an upper finishing assembly of the up/down finishing device, an upper edge scraping assembly of the up/down edge scraping device and an upper polishing assembly of the up/down polishing device are connected on a cross beam of the crawler type pressing device so as to ascend or descend synchronously along with the crawler type pressing device. The heavy type automatic edge banding machine can be used for carrying out edge banding operation on wood boards with higher specification in thickness, is free from the limit of the thickness of the wood boards, has a wide application range, is multipurpose and is beneficial to reduction of equipment cost for enterprises when edge banding operation and production are carried out on the wood boards.