The invention discloses a high-strength ion exchange resin with a double-channel macroporous structure and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength ion exchange resin is prepared by polymerization of a styrene system and / or acrylic acid system matrix, a cross-linking agent and an initiator to generate a condensate, which forms a skeleton with a porous sponginess structure containing uniformly distributed macropores and micropores, under effects of two different pore forming agents. The preparation method is as below: mixing the matrix, the cross-linking agent, a macropore forming agent and a micropore pore forming agent, and heating; then adding the initiator, and mixing uniformly; adding the mixture into hot water, then stirring and adjusting the stirring speed, and carrying out an insulation reaction in the hot water; heating to 95 DEG C, and insulating and reacting for 3 h; washing the polymer with cooling water, drying and screening out polymer microballoons with appropriate granularity; moving out the pore forming agents through a distillation or extraction mode; and carrying out acidic or alkali treatment to obtain the high-strength ion exchange resin with the double-channel macroporous structure. The resin has high mechanical strength.