110 results about "Effective surface" patented technology

A device (1) for holding and / or moving a rod-shaped body (2) is proposed, comprising: a fully enclosed housing (3) with a longitudinal axis (L) along which the rod-shaped body (2) is guided or is to be guided; a thrust piston (4) surrounding the rod-shaped body (2), which can be subjected to a first pressure from the outside via a first pressure port (L) through the housing (3) and which can be subjected to a second pressure from the outside via a second pressure port (K) through the housing (3), and which has a first effective surface (5) and a second effective surface (6), which effective surfaces (5, 6) preferably extend in a radial direction, wherein the first effective surface (5) is in fluidic operative connection with the first pressure port (L) and the second effective surface (6) is in fluidic operative connection with the second pressure port (K), wherein the thrust piston (4) has a radially internal recess (7) through which a circumferential free space (8) is formed between the rod-shaped body (2) and an inner surface (9) of the thrust piston (4), which free space (8) has an axial limit (10, 11) on both sides; and at least one clamping sleeve (12) which, with its inner surface (13), defines a central cylindrical area through which the rod-shaped body (2) is guided or can be guided, and which is received in the aforementioned free space (8), extending axially between the two axial limits (10, 11), wherein the clamping sleeve (12) can be subjected to a third pressure from the outside via a third pressure port (V) through the force-pull piston (4) and is designed to deform itself reversibly radially inwards according to the third pressure and to exert a holding force on the rod-shaped body (2).

The utility model provides an auxiliary clamping device for surface sand blasting of special equipment. The auxiliary clamping device comprises a bottom fastening and connecting frame, a lower half part bearing bracket and an upper half part pressing frame, wherein the bottom fastening connection frame is connected with the lower half part bearing support in a welding mode, and the bottom fastening connection frame serves as a supporting part of the auxiliary clamping device; the lower half part bearing support and the upper half part pressing frame are aligned through a positioning pin and then connected through a bolt, and the lower half part bearing support and the upper half part pressing frame clamp special equipment together. According to the device, the clamping problem between a workpiece and equipment can be solved, the balance of the overturning stability and the effective surface treatment area during sand blasting treatment of the special equipment is solved, and the surface treatment efficiency and protectiveness of the special equipment are greatly improved. By means of the tool, stability and angle fixation in the overturning process are achieved, the consistency of the sand blasting quality is improved, effective balance of the sand blasting area and fixation is achieved, the sand blasting effect and quality are guaranteed, meanwhile, the work intensity is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

A device for controlling a fluid mass flow for a device for compressing a gaseous fluid from a low to a high pressure level. The device has a housing with fluid connections at different pressure levels, and a closure element arranged to move in a translatory manner within the housing along a longitudinal axis, with effective surfaces assigned to the fluid connections. The closure element regulates a flow cross-section of a flow path extending between a first and a second fluid connection. The device has a receiving element for receiving the closure element. A primary segment is arranged to be completely surrounded by the receiving element as a first section of the closure element and a secondary segment is arranged to be completely surrounded by the housing as a second section of the closure element and the receiving element is arranged to be completely surrounded by the housing.

The invention relates to a mirror, in particular for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, wherein the mirror has an optical active surface (10a, 20a, 30a, 40a), a substrate (11, 21, 31, 41), a reflective layer system (18, 28, 38, 48) for reflecting electromagnetic radiation incident on the optical active surface, at least one resistance layer (13, 23, 33, 43a, 43b), at least one electrode (12, 22, 32, 42a, 42b) located on the side of this resistance layer facing the reflective layer system and at least one counter electrode (14, 24, 34, 44a, 44b) located on the side of the resistance layer facing the substrate, wherein the resistance layer is designed to generate a deformation effect in response to the application of an electrical voltage between the electrode and the counter electrode can be heated onto the optical effective surface.

Device for at least partially drying a printing material (02), comprising at least one dryer (351) with at least one energy emission device (352) having at least one effect area, wherein the at least one effect area is at least partially encompassed by at least one waveguide (362) and wherein the at least one waveguide (362) is configured with at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at least one outlet opening (375) and wherein the at least one energy emission device (352) comprises at least one radiation source (353) and wherein at least one amplification device (379) with at least one first effective surface (380) is attached to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362), characterized in thatthat the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to increase the efficiency of the drying process and that the at least one amplification device (379) is arranged to project inwards into the at least one waveguide (362) by at least 5% of the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362).

An integrated photodetection semiconductor optoelectronic component (300) for measuring the intensity (I1, I2) of each of two color components (C1, C2) of dichroic light (DL) irradiating the optoelectronic component, comprising: a first SPAD (306) adapted to detect photons within a wide wavelength range, the first SPAD comprising an effective surface area (340) allowing photons to be detected to enter the first SPAD; a second SPAD (308) adapted to detect photons within a wide wavelength range, the second SPAD being arranged adjacent to the first SPAD (306); and a semiconductor optical long-pass filter (310) at least partially covering the effective surface area (340) of the first SPAD. 310) allows the first color component (C1) of the two color components of the dichroic light (DL) to pass through, and blocks the second color component (C2) of the two color components of the dichroic light (DL); an electronic circuit (304) for reading and processing the detection signals (S1, S2) transmitted by the first and second SPADs, the electronic circuit being suitable for: i) providing a first intensity output signal I1 indicating the intensity of the first color component (C1) based on the detection signal (S1) transmitted by the first SPAD; and ii) providing a second intensity output signal I2 indicating the intensity of the second color component (C2) through difference analysis based on the detection signals (S1, S2) transmitted by the first and second SPADs.

To provide a method for producing a highly anisotropic magnet and a method for producing a magnet assembly that offer higher design flexibility and improved economic efficiency, compared with existing techniques.SOLUTION: The method for producing a highly anisotropic magnet having four surfaces SF1, SF2, SF3, and SF4 includes: a magnetic-field forming step S20 in which a magnetic field in a first direction is applied to one effective surface VSF (SF1) among the four surfaces and magnetic fields in a second direction are respectively applied to the remaining three surfaces SF2, SF3, and SF4 while performing in-field molding; and a four-side magnetizing step S40 in which the magnetic field in the first direction is applied to the effective surface VSF (SF1) and the magnetic fields in the second direction are applied to the remaining three surfaces SF2, SF3, and SF4 to perform magnetization.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 17

The disclosure relates to a method for producing an optical element having at least one optically effective surface. The optically effective surface comprises a contour and a surface structure superimposed on the contour. Transparent liquid plastic is injection-molded by means of a (smooth) injection mold of an injection molding machine (500) in dependence on a group of injection molding parameters to form an injection molded component (21) having the contour of the optically effective surface but without the surface structure superimposed on the contour, wherein at least one parameter of the group of injection molding parameters is set and / or corrected in dependence on properties of the injection molded component (21), and wherein the optical element is produced using the group of injection molding parameters.

The invention discloses an illumination rendering method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: in response to the change of a target scene, obtaining a target bounding box needing to be updated in the target scene, and dividing the target bounding box into sparse blocks to obtain a group of sparse blocks; allocating a memory for each sparse block in the group of sparse blocks, determining a target sparse block index, and creating an effective surface mapping texture in a memory pool based on the target sparse block index; compressing and storing texture data corresponding to the effective surface of each voxel based on the effective surface mapping texture to obtain an effective surface image set; and performing illumination calculation on the target sparse block based on the light source framing in the target scene to obtain illumination information, and storing the illumination information in an effective surface image set based on the target sparse block index and the effective surface mapping texture. According to the method and the device, the technical problem that the utilization rate of a storage space is relatively low due to the fact that idle sparse blocks and voxels need to be stored in an illumination rendering process is solved.

The invention provides a method for graft modification on the surface of a substrate, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of the substrate to connect hydroxyl, amino or sulfydryl on the surface of the substrate; placing the pretreated substrate in a silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms or a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms and the silane coupling agent containing one silicon atom for reaction; according to the preparation method, the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms is adopted independently or is mixed with the silane coupling agent containing one silicon atom, and then covalent bonding is carried out on the silane coupling agent and the surface of the substrate; the silane coupling agent containing two silicon atoms or a mixed solution of the silane coupling agent has unique advantages and higher reaction activity, has two sites capable of reacting with the surface of the substrate and rapidly reacts with active groups on the surface of the substrate to ensure effective surface modification, and the durability of a modification layer is improved through additional bonding points; the obtained substrate has better hydrolysis resistance.

The surface pretreatment device comprises a supporting frame, a plurality of layers of box bodies arranged at the lower end of the supporting frame and used for bearing treating agents with different concentrations, and a supporting mechanism arranged at the upper end of the supporting frame and used for being supported on a wire. The box body is connected with a nozzle arranged at the upper end of the support frame through a hose; during working, the device is supported on a wire through the supporting mechanism, and then treatment agents with different concentrations are sprayed through the spray heads according to the position of a pollution layer on the wire, so that the surface pretreatment of the electrified bare wire is realized. According to the position and the thickness of a polluted layer, treatment agents with different concentrations can be sprayed, an effective surface pretreatment quality real-time monitoring and dynamic deviation correction mechanism can be established in an electrified environment, and accurate recognition of surface states of different wire materials and self-adaptive adjustment of pretreatment parameters are achieved. And the uniformity and consistency of the pretreatment quality are ensured.

The present invention discloses a component-based three-dimensional model design method and system, which relates to the field of component-based three-dimensional model design and includes: building a three-dimensional model design platform based on three-dimensional design software; establishing a spatial rectangular coordinate system and dividing the three-dimensional scene into several cubes; establishing an effective surface optimization model to smooth the effective surfaces of the scene elements contained in each cube; further optimizing the multi-angle fusion of the three-dimensional scene components based on the Laplacian pyramid algorithm; establishing a color fusion optimization model to smoothly optimize the colors of the three-dimensional scene and the splicing interfaces of each component; and establishing a three-dimensional scene component fusion optimization model to obtain a three-dimensional scene model with high quality and high compatibility in component fusion. The advantages of the present invention are: effectively improving the quality and compatibility of the fusion between the three-dimensional scene and the components, and reducing the problems of incompatibility, gaps, overlaps or color breaks when the three-dimensional scene and the components are fused.

The invention relates to a coupling device (1) for connecting two elements (100, 200) to be connected, which two elements (100, 200) each have a groove (101, 201) with at least one undercut (102a, 102b), in particular a groove (101, 201) with at least one undercut (102a, 102b) on both sides and thus with at least two undercuts (102a, 102b). The coupling device (1) comprises a first clamping part (2) and a second clamping part (3). For each of the two clamping parts (2, 3), a longitudinal direction, a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a second direction perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the first direction, a third direction opposite to the first direction, and a fourth direction opposite to the second direction are defined. The first clamping part (2) has a first effective surface (5), which first effective surface (5) is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the first clamping part (2). The second clamping part (3) has a first effective surface (6), which first effective surface (6) is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the second clamping part (3). The first clamping part (2) has a first protrusion arrangement (7), that extends in the first direction of the first clamping part (2), for engaging behind a first of the at least one undercut (102a) of the groove (101) in a first of the two elements (100) to be connected, and the second clamping part (3) has a first protrusion arrangement (8), that extends in the first direction of the second clamping part (3), for engaging behind a first of the at least one undercut of the groove (201) in a second of the two elements (200) to be connected. The coupling device (1) also comprises a tensioning device (4) for drawing the two clamping parts (2, 3) towards one another substantially along a longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1). When the coupling device (1) is assembled, the two clamping parts (2, 3) are each aligned with their longitudinal direction substantially along the longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1), while the first direction of the first clamping part (2) and the first direction of the second clamping part (3) are substantially parallel to one another, and the second direction of the first clamping part (2) and the second direction of the second clamping part (3) are substantially parallel to one another, and the two clamping parts (2, 3) are arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis with their first effective surfaces (5, 6) facing one another and can be drawn or are drawn towards one another along the longitudinal axis by the tensioning device (4). When the two clamping parts (2, 3) are drawn towards one another along the longitudinal axis by the tensioning device (4), the interaction of the first effective surfaces (5, 6) causes the first clamping part (2) and the second clamping part (3) to be pressed relative to one another in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1), so that the first protrusion arrangement (7) arranged on the first clamping part (2) and the first protrusion arrangement (8) arranged on the second clamping part (3) are pressed towards one another. A normal vector perpendicular to the first effective surface (5) of the first clamping part (2) has both a component pointing in the first direction of the first clamping part (2) and a component pointing in the second direction of the first clamping part (2). A normal vector perpendicular to the first effective surface (6) of the second clamping part (3) has both a component pointing in the third direction of the second clamping part (3) and a component pointing in the fourth direction of the second clamping part (3).

Device for regulating a mass flow rate of fluid for a device for compressing a gaseous fluid and device for compressing a gaseous fluid The invention relates to a device (1) for regulating a mass flow rate of fluid for a device for compressing a gaseous fluid from a low pressure level to a high pressure level, which is provided with a housing (2) provided with fluid connections (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) subjected to different pressure levels, and with a closing element (3) arranged to be movable in translation within the housing (2) along a longitudinal axis (3a), provided with effective or active surfaces associated with the fluid connections (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d). The closing element (3) is configured to regulate a flow section of a flow path extending between a first fluid connection (2a) and a second fluid connection (2b).The housing (2) is provided with a receiving opening (11) for receiving the closing element (3), which is formed in at least two parts by a primary segment (3-1) and a secondary segment (3-2) which are each guided within the receiving opening (11) of the housing (2) and are each arranged to be completely surrounded by the housing (2). Figure to be published with the abstract: Fig. 3.

The invention provides a cable joint state evaluation method and device based on flow temperature, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously measuring the load current and surface temperature of a cable joint through a miniature flow temperature composite sensor disposed on the surface of the cable joint, and carrying out the real-time preprocessing of the load current and surface temperature, the effective load current and the effective surface temperature under the steady-state working condition after preprocessing are obtained, the environment temperature of the cable connector is monitored in real time, and the contact resistance of the cable connector is obtained through inversion based on the effective load current, the effective surface temperature and the environment temperature of the cable connector in combination with a preset heat balance equation; and calculating a corresponding state indication ratio based on the load current, the surface temperature and the environment temperature, evaluating the operation state of the cable joint based on the contact resistance and the state indication ratio, and performing corresponding early warning.

The invention relates to a coupling device (1) for connecting two elements (100, 200) to be connected, which two elements (100, 200) each have a groove (101, 201) with at least one undercut (102a, 102b), in particular a groove (101, 201) with at least one undercut (102a, 102b) on both sides and thus with at least two undercuts (102a, 102b). The coupling device (1) comprises a first clamping part (2) and a second clamping part (3). For each of the two clamping parts (2, 3), a longitudinal direction, a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a second direction perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the first direction, a third direction opposite to the first direction, and a fourth direction opposite to the second direction are defined. The first clamping part (2) has a first effective surface (5), which first effective surface (5) is inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the first clamping part (2). The second clamping part (3) has a first effective surface (6), which first effective surface (6) is inclined to the longitudinal direction of the second clamping part (3). The first clamping part (2) has a first protrusion arrangement (7), that extends in the first direction of the first clamping part (2), for engaging behind a first of the at least one undercut (102a) of the groove (101) in a first of the two elements (100) to be connected, and the second clamping part (3) has a first protrusion arrangement (8), that extends in the first direction of the second clamping part (3), for engaging behind a first of the at least one undercut of the groove (201) in a second of the two elements to be connected (200). The coupling device (1) also comprises a tensioning device (4) for drawing the two clamping parts (2, 3) towards one another substantially along a longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1). When the coupling device (1) is assembled, the two clamping parts (2, 3) are each aligned with their longitudinal direction substantially along the longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1), while the first direction of the first clamping part (2) and the first direction of the second clamping part (3) are aligned substantially parallel to one another, and the second direction of the first clamping part (2) and the second direction of the second clamping part (3) are aligned substantially parallel to one another, and the two clamping parts (2, 3) are each arranged one behind the other along the longitudinal axis with their first effective surfaces (5, 6) facing one another, and can be drawn or are drawn towards one another along the longitudinal axis by the tensioning device (4). When the two clamping parts (2, 3) are drawn towards one another along the longitudinal axis by the tensioning device (4), the interaction of the first effective surfaces (5, 6) causes the first clamping part (2) and the second clamping part (3) to be pressed relative to one another in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the coupling device (1) so that the first protrusion arrangement (7) arranged on the first clamping part (2) and the first protrusion arrangement (8) arranged on the second clamping part (3) are pressed towards one another. A normal vector perpendicular to the first effective surface (5) of the first clamping part (2) has both a component pointing in the first direction of the first clamping part (2) and a component pointing in the second direction of the first clamping part (2). A normal vector perpendicular to the first effective surface (6) of the second clamping part (3) has both a component pointing in the third direction of the second clamping part (3) and a component pointing in the fourth direction of the second clamping part (3).

The application provides a Fresnel lens, which comprises a lens body, the lens body is oppositely provided with an entrance surface and an exit surface along a first direction, a plurality of convex teeth are adjacently arranged on the exit surface along a second direction which is perpendicular to the first direction, the convex teeth are formed by effective surfaces and ineffective surfaces, and the ineffective surfaces are arranged at an acute angle relative to the first direction; for the first convex tooth and the second convex tooth which are adjacent on the exit surface, the first convex tooth comprises a first effective surface and a first ineffective surface, the second convex tooth comprises a second effective surface and a second ineffective surface, the first ineffective surface and the second effective surface intersect to form a first valley point, and for a first light ray which is emitted from a light source and reaches the first valley point through the entrance surface, the first ineffective surface is arranged in the range of the included angle formed between the first light ray and the emergent light ray of the first light ray through the first valley point. The application makes the light ray passing through the lens body reach the effective surface as much as possible, thereby reducing stray light and enhancing light efficiency.

The utility model discloses an EBAPS asymmetric rectangular step cathode window aligning, positioning and racking fixture. The EBAPS asymmetric rectangular step cathode window aligning, positioning and racking fixture comprises a coating fixture, a cathode hanger, a mounting fixture and a tube shell supporting seat, the cathode window is mounted in the coating clamp for coating; the cathode hanger is in positioning connection with the cathode window through the mounting clamp; and the cathode hanger and the cathode window are in positioning connection with the EBAPS tube shell through a Y-shaped groove, an inner hole and the like in the tube shell supporting seat. The EBAPS device sealed after being aligned and positioned by adopting the group of clamps can fully utilize the effective area of the CMOS chip, and the effective surface of the photoelectric cathode completely covers the effective imaging surface of the CMOS chip.

The utility model discloses an ultra-wide-angle near-infrared imaging system. A first lens (G1), a second lens (L2), a third lens (G3), a diaphragm (STO), a fourth lens (L4), a fifth lens (L5), a sixth lens (L6) and an optical filter (IR) are sequentially arranged from an object plane to an image plane; the effective surface calibers of the first lens and the second lens are large, so that the field angle is large, and the F number is small; the lens type adopts a spherical surface and an aspheric surface, and the negative lens and the positive lens are combined with each other, so that aberration reduction and f theta distortion control are facilitated, the imaging effect is good, and the MTF at the cut-off frequency is high; the second, fourth, fifth and sixth lenses are made of plastic materials, so that the cost is controlled.

The invention relates to a hydraulic circuit (1) for generating a travel-dependent opposing force, the circuit having a hydraulic working chamber (2) which can be pressurized with hydraulic fluid in order to exert a force on a working piston (3), wherein: the working piston (3) has a second effective surface (4) at which the working piston (3) is acted on by a pressure acting in the hydraulic working chamber (2); a take-off element (5) is fastened to the working piston (3), by means of which take-off element the force generated by the hydraulic fluid in the working chamber (2) can be provided as a travel-dependent opposing force; the hydraulic working chamber (2) has at least one inflow opening (7) and at least one outflow opening (8); a working flow of hydraulic fluid can flow into the working chamber (2) via the inflow opening (7) and the working flow of hydraulic fluid can flow out of the working chamber (2) via the outflow opening; and, in accordance with a position of the working piston (3), a flow resistance of the outflow opening (8) and / or a flow resistance of the inflow opening (7) is controlled such that a pressure occurring in the hydraulic working chamber (2) is controlled travel-dependently in accordance with a position of the working position (3) such that the pressure increases with decreasing size of the working chamber (2).

The invention provides a firmware upgrading breakpoint resuming method and system of an automobile instrument, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and reliable upgrading is realized by taking double-panel redundancy, breakpoint resuming and hierarchical verification as a core and depending on an EMMC storage design: an initialization stage: reading current operation surface information of the instrument in the EMMC, determining a to-be-upgraded surface based on an A / B surface design, and carrying out data processing on the to-be-upgraded surface; backing up a running surface mark to an independent partition, and reading A / B surface breakpoint resume information at the same time; in the data processing stage, an upgrade package is divided into 8M groups according to head information, 1K packages are transmitted, a first package is decrypted by using a UDS protocol IV value, a subsequent package is decrypted by using a previous package plaintext and 16 bytes later, differential reduction based on a single block is synchronously executed, and after each package is written into an EMMC, recovery information such as data size and IV value is stored in a reverse partition of a breakpoint resume effective surface; in the verification and activation stage, the data length is confirmed firstly, signature verification is carried out according to 8M batches, then signature verification is carried out on all logic blocks in a full-experience mode, finally, a backup is compared with a current running surface mark, and if the backup is consistent with the current running surface mark, an effective to-be-upgraded surface is written into a starting partition.

The present application relates to the technical field of silk screen printing, and particularly relates to a screen cloth surface protection treatment device, which comprises a compression coating protection assembly, the compression coating protection assembly comprises a conveying table, a conveying groove, a side plate, a top plate, a driving motor, a compression column and a compression plate, the conveying groove is fixedly connected with the conveying table, the side plate is detachably connected with the conveying table, the top plate is detachably connected with the side plate and located above the side plate, the driving motor is detachably connected with the top plate, the compression column is detachably connected with the driving motor through the top plate, and the compression plate is detachably connected with the compression column, the compression coating protection assembly is additionally arranged, thus effectively solving the problem that the screen cloth lacks effective surface protection measures in the printing process during the preparation and use of the traditional screen plate, is easily damaged, and further affects the service life of the screen plate and the stability of the printing quality, and the existing treatment method often cannot accurately control the etching process, resulting in the problem of uneven etching of the screen hole.

The present invention discloses a manufacturing method for a highly reliable flexible circuit board with surface treatment of a tin layer. The flexible circuit board is manufactured according to design data and in a structure of a panelized board; the manufacturing method includes the steps of: manufacturing the panelized board to form a flexible core board; printing conductive paste on the flexible core board to form a printed core board; passing the printed core board through reflow soldering and undergoing subsequent process treatment to form a flexible circuit board; the overall solution is based on the method of printing solder paste on the surface of the flexible circuit board and passing it through reflow soldering to form an effective surface treatment of the tin layer, replacing the traditional process of spraying tin; based on the designed board body structure and positioning hole structure, using a first support plate and a second support plate to match the designed structure, realizing a continuous, complete, and high-precision processing process of the conductive paste, and using reflow soldering treatment to form a flexible circuit board with good surface treatment of the tin layer, improving problems such as board body deformation, tin pollution, and even board body tearing, and reducing manual processing.

A projection exposure apparatus comprises an optical element. The optical element comprises a main body and an actuator for deforming an optically effective surface formed on the main body. The actuator is in a recess in the rear side of the main body.

The invention relates to an optical element (100, 200) for a projection exposure system (1), comprising: a mirror body (104, 204) having a mirror portion (124, 224) with an optically effective surface (102, 202) and a base (106, 206) arranged on a back side of the mirror portion (124, 224), and the base (106, 206) having a higher stiffness than the mirror portion (124, 224); and a reinforcing rib structure (156, 238) attached to a back side of the mirror portion (124, 224).

A lens is provided that includes a first optically effective surface and a second optically effective surface which intersect an optical axis, wherein: at least one of the first and the second optically effective surfaces has an inflection point between an intersection with the optical axis and an effective region end; a distribution of thickness between the first and the second optically effective surfaces in a direction parallel to the optical axis has an extreme value at a position away from the optical axis in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis; the at least one has, at a first portion, surface roughness larger than surface roughness of a second portion of which a thickness is thicker than the first portion; and a difference between the surface roughness of the first portion and the second portion is 1.0 nmRa or more in arithmetic average roughness.

The invention provides a reverse illumination method for an in-well observation system based on Gaussian ray beams, which comprises the following steps of: 1, decomposing a wave field into a series of Gaussian ray beams at a detection point according to a ray angle range and a ray angle interval, and traversing all rays; 2, determining a central ray path and establishing a three-dimensional ray coordinate system; 3, performing dynamic tracking according to the ray path and the ray coordinate system, and calculating a dynamic parameter matrix; 4, calculating effective surface element points and effective seismic source points; 5, traversing all effective seismic source points, and calculating the amplitude of the seismic source points; and step 6, traversing all effective surface elements, and calculating energy contributed by the seismic source point to the surface elements. According to the inverse illumination method for the in-well observation system based on the Gaussian ray beam, a detection point is logically regarded as a ray beam starting point by utilizing an inverse illumination technology according to a reciprocity principle, so that the illumination efficiency of the in-well observation system in practical engineering can be greatly improved.

A scanning head for an oral digital impression instrument has a housing and a lens, the housing having a closed first end and an open second end, and a first side and an opposite second side extending between the first end and the second end and provided with a window portion; the lens is fastened at the inner wall of the shell and consists of a first volume of a truncated frustum part and a cuboid-shaped second volume connected with the first volume, the first volume takes the back surface of the lens as the top surface and a diagonal plane starting from the back surface as the peripheral surface and is provided with a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and the diagonal plane forms an angle ranging from 0 to 90 degrees relative to the thickness direction of the lens; the second volume has the front face of the lens as a bottom face, the bottom face of the frustum portion as a top face, and has a thickness between the top face and the bottom face. Through beveling and grinding the non-effective surface of the lens, the edge thickness of the lens is reduced, and the inlet height of the scanning head is further reduced. The utility model further provides an oral cavity digital impression instrument with the scanning head.