29results about "Multiplier circuit arrangements" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of optical devices, and provides a silicon photomultiplier, a receiving sensor and a laser radar, and the silicon photomultiplier comprises at least two SPAD units. Each SPAD unit is connected in series with a polycrystalline silicon resistor, the polycrystalline silicon resistor comprises at least one resistor unit, and each resistor unit comprises at least one first polycrystalline silicon resistor with a negative temperature coefficient and at least one second polycrystalline silicon resistor with a positive temperature coefficient; the doping concentration of the first polycrystalline silicon resistor is smaller than that of the second polycrystalline silicon resistor, and the combination of the first polycrystalline silicon resistor and the second polycrystalline silicon resistor is formed by performing different doping ratios on the polycrystalline silicon material, so that the first polycrystalline silicon resistor and the second polycrystalline silicon resistor form a quenching resistor matched with the SPAD unit in a limited space; therefore, the resistor structure can significantly suppress the temperature drift characteristic of the resistor while reaching a large resistance value, and the temperature stability of the device is improved.

To provide an electron detector and a charged particle detector that can improve the quality of electrical signals. [Solution] The electron detector 5 comprises an electron detection unit 53 including a first electrode 52, a resin sheet 59 positioned on one side in the Z direction relative to the first electrode 52, a second electrode 54 facing the first electrode 52 via the resin sheet 59, an insulating substrate 61 positioned on one side in the Z direction relative to the second electrode 54 and supporting the electron detection unit 53, the resin sheet 59 and the second electrode 54, an output unit 55 positioned on one side in the Z direction relative to the insulating substrate 61, electrically connected to the second electrode 54 and outputting an electrical signal, and a support unit 62 supporting the output unit 55 such that the output unit 55 and the second electrode 54 face each other via the insulating substrate 61 and a space SP1 is formed between the output unit 55 and the insulating substrate 61.

The invention provides a photomultiplier signal output charge distribution circuit, and belongs to the field of photomultiplier signal output. According to the invention, the technology that a plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel to carry out charge distribution is utilized, the anode output signal of the photomultiplier is distributed on two paths of output according to a required dynamic range, outputs in different dynamic ranges are naturally formed, and a subsequent readout electronics circuit can be matched. The circuit is simple in structure, high in reliability, good in voltage-resistant isolation performance, free of a peripheral control circuit and a feedback system, and suitable for occasions such as a space detector with high requirements for the size, weight and reliability of the circuit; according to the invention, the output linearity of the photomultiplier is maintained, the working voltage of each dynode of the photomultiplier is not influenced while the charges are distributed, and the recovery time of the photomultiplier is not influenced; output signals are of two-path same-direction models, a subsequent reading electronics circuit does not need to be additionally processed, and the photomultiplier is suitable for occasions needing two-path output of a single photomultiplier.

A method for determining a performance parameter of an electron multiplier (e.g. parameter indicative of gain) comprises comparing an electron flux of a first electron emissive surface with an electron flux of a second electron emissive surface, or of an electron collector. The electron emissive surfaces form part of an electron multiplication chain, and may be discrete dynodes or provided by a single electron emission surface (e.g. a channel of a channel electron multiplier, or a plate of a microchannel plate electron multiplier). The first electron emissive surface may be earlier in the chain and less susceptible to electron flux-mediated gain degradation. A current ratio from the two electron emissive surfaces may be determined and compared with a comparator. An operating parameter (e.g. voltage bias) of the electron multiplier may be altered based on the determined performance parameter or current ratio. The invention may obviate or reduces the need for manual gain adjustment by adjusting the gain continuously and automatically to account for gain instability based on the comparison.

An elementary particle detector including dynodes capable of converting an elementary particle into an electron avalanche, conductive grids capable of being crossed by accelerated electrons, and each being defined by a unique electrical potential, each unique electrical potential being chosen so that the unique electrical potential of the conductive grid is strictly lower than the unique electrical potential applied to the conductive grid which follows it along the detection direction, at least one signal sensor capable of measuring an electrical signal produced by the accelerated electrons when they cross the conductive grids, and a control unit configured to determine, from the electrical signal, a conversion dynode at which the conversion of the elementary particle has taken place. The invention also relates to a method for detecting elementary particles.

The invention relates to the technical field of image intensifiers, and particularly discloses an audio noise suppression device and method for an automatic gating type image intensifier, and the device comprises a voltage stabilization power supply circuit module, a microprocessor, a low-voltage pulse circuit module, a gating gate circuit module, and a cathode output circuit module. The input end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit module is connected with a 2-4VDC power supply, and the output end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply circuit module outputs 3.3 VDC power supply voltage and is connected with a power supply input pin and a grounding pin of the microprocessor; a PWM output pin of the microprocessor is connected with an input signal end of the low-voltage pulse circuit module; the signal output end of the low-voltage pulse circuit module is connected with the control input end of the gating gate circuit module; the high-voltage power supply input end of the gating gate circuit module is connected with high-voltage alternating current, and the high-voltage pulse signal output end of the gating gate circuit module is connected with the input end of the cathode output circuit module; and the output end of the cathode output circuit module is connected with the photoelectric cathode of the image intensifier single tube.

In a photoelectric conversion device, the potential control unit controls electric potentials applied to the meta-surface. The meta-surface includes a plurality of patterns which are space away from each other. The plurality of patterns include an antenna portion and at least one bias portion. The antenna portion extends in a predetermined direction and emits the electron in response to incidence of the electromagnetic wave. The potential control unit switches a first state and a second state by controlling the electric potentials applied to the plurality of patterns. In the first state, a component of an electric field from the bias portion toward the antenna portion in a predetermined direction is positive. In the second state, a component of an electric field from the bias portion toward the antenna portion in the predetermined direction is negative.

To provide a method for determining performance parameters of an electron multiplier having a series of electron emission surfaces forming an electron multiplication chain.SOLUTION: The method includes the step of: comparing a first electron beam of a first electron emission surface of the electron multiplication chain with a second electron beam of a second electron emission surface of the electron multiplication chain or with a second electron beam of an electron collector of the electron multiplier.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

This embodiment relates to an electron multiplier or the like having a structure for achieving faster response characteristics than conventional technologies. The electron multiplier comprises at least a dynode unit, a tube socket, a coaxial cable, a conductive member, and a capacitor. The dynode unit includes a multistage dynode, an anode, and a pair of insulating support members. The exposed portion of the inner conductor, which forms part of one end of the coaxial cable, is introduced into the dynode unit together with the end of the outer conductor. This structure allows the capacitor to be positioned in the space between the dynode unit and the tube socket, and the exposed portion of the inner conductor to be fixed to the portion of the anode held between the pair of insulating support members.

An electron detector according to the present invention comprises an electron detection unit that includes a first electrode, a resin sheet that is provided on one side in the Z direction relative to the first electrode, a second electrode that is opposite the first electrode with the resin sheet therebetween, an insulating substrate that is provided on the one side in the Z direction relative to the second electrode and supports the electron detection unit, the resin sheet, and the second electrode, an output unit that is provided on the one side in the Z direction relative to the insulating substrate, is electrically connected to the second electrode, and outputs an electrical signal, and a support part that supports the output unit such that the output unit and the second electrode are opposite with the insulating substrate therebetween and a space is formed between the output unit and the insulating substrate.

The application discloses a voltage division system, a photomultiplier tube and a detector, relates to the technical field of radiation detection, and solves the problem that the prior art voltage division system cannot meet the requirements of small size and high temperature resistance. The voltage division system comprises a substrate module, the substrate module is provided with a resistance mounting area and / or an active device mounting area, the resistance mounting area is provided with resistance paste with a preset thickness and high-temperature curing, the active device mounting area is provided with an active device die, and the active device die is packaged in a first space formed by the first adhesive and the substrate module, and the first adhesive is a high-temperature-resistant material. The voltage division system is uniquely designed for the resistance and the active device, realizes the effects of small size and high temperature resistance, can work for a long time in a high-temperature environment above 200 DEG C through tests, and can effectively extend the depth of oil exploration and exploitation when applied in the field of oil exploitation.

Provided are an automatic analyzer and an optical measurement method for correcting a variation in the multiplication factor of a photoelectric element with high accuracy. The automatic analyzer comprises: a photoelectric element which generates electrons by light and outputs a current signal; a voltage application unit which applies a voltage to the photoelectric element; and a processing unit which corrects a variation in the multiplication factor of the photoelectric element, wherein the photoelectric element outputs a pulse signal as the current signal, and the processing unit corrects the variation in the multiplication factor on the basis of the pulse area of the pulse signal.

A signal processing circuit according to the present invention comprises a processing unit that: has a photoelectric surface that emits electrons in response to incident light; converts, into a digital signal at a prescribed sampling frequency, a target signal corresponding to an output signal from a vacuum tube sensor that outputs an output signal corresponding to the amount of incident light; and derives an output value for each prescribed measurement period. The processing unit is configured such that when deriving the output value of a measurement period, the processing unit can execute an abnormal value handling process in which the number of pieces of data corresponding to the pulse width of an abnormal value signal appearing in the target signal are excluded in descending order of the signal value from a plurality of pieces of data included in the target signal in the measurement period, and the output value is derived from the remaining plurality of pieces of data.

The invention relates to a mass spectrometry technology, and particularly provides an electron multiplier, a mass spectrometry system and a mass spectrometry method, the electron multiplier comprises a multi-stage dynode, a collector and a power supply, and the power supply applies voltage to the dynode and the collector; the power supply is connected with the voltage division circuit, and the voltage division circuit is connected with the third dynode to the Nth dynode; the switching unit is used for switching the working mode of the voltage division circuit, the voltage division circuit applies positive bias voltage to the third-stage dynode to the Nth-stage dynode in the detection mode, and the voltage applied to the third-stage dynode to the Nth-stage dynode is the same in the cleaning mode. The cleaning device has the advantages of good cleaning effect, convenience and the like.

To provide a spectrometer capable of improving impact resistance of a photodetector.SOLUTION: A spectrometer 1 includes a spectroscopic unit 10 that includes a multichannel photodetector 15 and splits and detects measuring light; a circuit board 20 for processing a detection signal of the measuring light from the multichannel photodetector 15 as an electric signal; a signal output unit 30 for outputting the electric signal from the circuit board 20; and a housing 60. The circuit board 20 is held at an end of the multichannel photodetector 15 so as not to come into contact with the housing 60. The signal output unit 30 is held by the housing 60. The circuit board 20 and the signal output unit 30 are electrically connected to each other by a flexible cable 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

A sample analyzer, a photometer and a photometric system. The sample analyzer (2000) comprises a light source (100), a photometer (600) and a processor (500); the photometer (600) comprises a photoelectric conversion assembly (401) and a signal processing assembly (400); the photoelectric conversion assembly (401) comprises a photomultiplier tube (200) and a voltage divider circuit (300), an input end node of the voltage divider circuit (300) being connected to the cathode of the photomultiplier tube (200), and an output end node of the voltage divider circuit (300) being connected to the anode of the photomultiplier tube (200). N+1 voltage divider nodes are sequentially arranged between the input end node and the output end node, and the N+1 voltage divider nodes are respectively and sequentially connected to a photoelectron focusing electrode and N dynodes of the photomultiplier tube (200), such that voltage divider branches between two adjacent nodes form N+2 divided voltages; at least one of the divided voltage corresponding to the input end node, the divided voltage corresponding to the voltage divider node N+1, and the divided voltage corresponding to the voltage divider node N is configured to be less than the divided voltages corresponding to the other voltage divider nodes.

A sample analyzer, a photometer, and a photometric system. The sample analyzer (2000) comprises a light source (100), a photometer (600), and a processor (500); the photometer (600) comprises a photoelectric conversion assembly (401) and a signal processing assembly (400); the photoelectric conversion assembly (401) comprises a photomultiplier tube (200) and a voltage divider circuit (300); an input end node of the voltage divider circuit (300) is connected to a cathode of the photomultiplier tube (200); an output end node of the voltage divider circuit (300) is connected to an anode of the photomultiplier tube (200); N+1 voltage divider nodes are sequentially arranged between the input end node and the output end node; the N+1 voltage divider nodes are respectively connected to a photoelectron focusing electrode and N dynodes of the photomultiplier tube (200) in sequence, and voltage divider branches between adjacent nodes form N+2 divided voltages; at least one of the divided voltage corresponding to the input end node, the divided voltage corresponding to the voltage divider node N+1, and the divided voltage corresponding to the voltage divider node N is configured to be less than the divided voltages corresponding to the other voltage divider nodes.

The invention relates to an elementary particle detector (1) comprising: dynodes (10) capable of converting an elementary particle into an avalanche of electrons; conductive grids (30) through which accelerated electrons are able to pass, each grid being defined by a unique electric potential, each unique electric potential being chosen so that the unique electric potential of said conductive grid (30) is strictly lower than the unique electric potential applied to the conductive grid (30) immediately thereafter in the direction of detection (X); at least one signal sensor (50) able to measure an electric signal (S) produced by the accelerated electrons when they pass through the conductive grids (30); and a control unit (90) configured to determine, on the basis of the electric signal (S), a conversion dynode (18) at which the conversion of the elementary particle has taken place. The invention further relates to an elementary particle detection method.

To provide an ion detector capable of determining a component to be ionized with high sensitivity without depending on the polarity of ions.SOLUTION: An ion detector (24) includes a conversion dynode (241), a secondary electron multiplier (242), and a DC voltage application unit (243) that applies a DC voltage between the conversion dynode (241) and the secondary electron multiplier (242), in which a part or all of a surface of the conversion dynode (241) including an ion collision surface (2410) with which ions collide is made of a material containing one or more elements of titanium, vanadium, and chromium at a higher density than iron and aluminum.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

A method for determining a performance parameter of an electron multiplier having a series of electron emissive surfaces forming electron multiplication chain, by comparing a first electron flux of a first electron emissive surface of the electron multiplication chain with a second electron flux of a second electron emissive surface of the electron multiplication chain, or of an electron collector of the electron multiplier. A method of operating an electron multiplier and an electron multiplier or an electron multiplication system is also described.

The invention discloses a photomultiplier detection method and detection circuit based on stepped high voltage. The method comprises the following steps: detecting an output current value of a PMT detector in real time; when the output current value of the PMT detector is greater than a current threshold value corresponding to the output linear upper limit of the PMT detector, providing a lower step voltage for the PMT detector; and when the output current value of the PMT detector is smaller than the minimum current threshold value set by the PMT detector under the current step voltage. According to the method and the related circuit, the effective dynamic range detected by the PMT can be expanded from conventional three orders of magnitude to eight orders of magnitude, and meanwhile the anti-highlight protection function of the PMT can be achieved.

The invention provides a positive and negative high voltage switching circuit, which comprises a carrier generation module, a control signal decomposition module, a signal modulation module and a positive voltage control module, and is characterized in that the positive voltage control module at least comprises a first positive voltage dividing unit and a second positive voltage dividing unit; the negative voltage control module at least comprises a first negative voltage dividing unit and a second negative voltage dividing unit; by the adoption of the circuit, the multi-pole positive voltage dividing unit and the multi-pole negative voltage dividing unit are arranged, when the circuit is conducted, the multiple voltage dividing units can be used for voltage dividing, the voltage bearing capacity of the circuit is improved, a relay is not used, the circuit switching speed is increased, and meanwhile the service life of equipment is effectively prolonged.

A mass spectrometer that includes an MCP detector selects and analyzes a calibrant compound that has a first isotope and a second isotope with a known abundance ratio. The mass spectrometer measures the intensity of the first isotope that produces multiple-ion strikes at the MCP detector and the intensity of the second isotope that produces single-ion strikes at the MCP detector while the bias voltage of the MCP detector is stepped through a sequence of one or more different voltages. At each step, the ratio of the measured intensities is compared to the known abundance ratio for the two isotopes. When the measured ratio is within a predetermined threshold of the known abundance ratio, an optimum voltage for the MCP detector is calculated using one or more measured ratios calculated for voltages of the sequence of voltages.

To provide an electron detector and a charged particle detector that can improve the quality of electrical signals. [Solution] The electron detector 1 comprises an electron detection unit 2 that detects incident electrons and outputs an electrical signal, and a housing 4 that houses the electron detection unit 2. The electron detection unit 2 includes an AD21 that detects electrons, a wiring board 31 on which the AD21 is mounted and is positioned on one side in the Z direction relative to the AD21, and an amplifier 24 that amplifies the detection signal output from the AD21. The housing 4 has an opening 41a facing the AD21 on the other side in the Z direction relative to the AD21, a first metal part 41 facing the electron detection unit 2 on the other side relative to the AD21, and a second metal part 42 that surrounds the side surface 31c of the wiring board 31.

Provided is a spectroscopic device comprising: a spectroscopic unit that includes a multi-channel light detector, and spectrally separates measurement light and detects the measurement light using the multi-channel light detector; a circuit board for processing a detection signal of the measurement light from the multi-channel light detector as an electric signal; a signal output unit for outputting the electric signal from the circuit board; and a housing that houses the spectroscopic unit, the circuit board, and the signal output unit. The circuit board is held at an end portion of the multi-channel light detector so as not to come into contact with the housing. The signal output unit is held by the housing. The circuit board and the signal output unit are electrically connected using a flexible cable for inputting the electrical signal from the circuit board to the signal output unit.

Disclosed is a method of calculating heat output using in-core instrumentation, the method including: measuring a core inlet temperature and a core exit temperature using the in-core instrumentation; and calculating heat output Q of a core using the following equation, the in-core instrumentation including: a first thermocouple that measures the core inlet temperature; and a second thermocouple that measures the core exit temperature.

Disclosed is a method of calculating heat output using in-core instrumentation, the method including: measuring a core inlet temperature and a core exit temperature using the in-core instrumentation; and calculating heat output Q of a core using the following equation, the in-core instrumentation including: a first thermocouple that measures the core inlet temperature; and a second thermocouple that measures the core exit temperature. Q=C×m×Th−Tc where, Q is a heat quantity, C is a specific heat, m is a mass flow rate, Th is a core exit temperature, and Tc is a core inlet temperature.

An electron detector and a charged particle detector are provided that can improve the quality of an electrical signal. [Solution] The electron detector 5 comprises an electron detection unit 53 including a first electrode 52, a resin sheet 59 arranged on one side of the first electrode 52 in the Z direction, a second electrode 54 facing the first electrode 52 via the resin sheet 59, an insulating substrate 61 arranged on one side of the second electrode 54 in the Z direction and supporting the electron detection unit 53, the resin sheet 59 and the second electrode 54, an output unit 55 arranged on one side of the insulating substrate 61 in the Z direction, electrically connected to the second electrode 54 and outputting an electrical signal, and a support unit 62 supporting the output unit 55 so that the output unit 55 and the second electrode 54 face each other via the insulating substrate 61 and so that a space SP1 is formed between the output unit 55 and the insulating substrate 61.

The invention relates to a micro-channel plate type photomultiplier, in particular to a method for improving the maximum linear current of the micro-channel plate type photomultiplier and the micro-channel plate type photomultiplier, and solves the problem that the maximum linear current of different areas of a micro-channel plate has local difference. And the overall maximum linear current value of the micro-channel plate type photomultiplier is relatively low. According to the method for improving the maximum linear current of the micro-channel plate type photomultiplier, the density of electrons entering each area of the micro-channel plate is modulated, so that all the areas enter a nonlinear output area at the same time, and the large-current output capability of the micro-channel plate is utilized to the maximum extent; therefore, the maximum linear current of the micro-channel plate photomultiplier is improved. The invention further provides a micro-channel plate type photomultiplier tube, the photoelectric cathode adopts a convex surface structure and is matched with the plane structure of the micro-channel plate, modulation of electrons emitted by the photoelectric cathode is achieved, and therefore modulation of the density of the electrons incident to all areas of the micro-channel plate is achieved.