187 results about "Particle emission" patented technology

A pressure vessel venting, dust collecting, and noise silencing system for continuous venting of dry process air during the filling and depressurization of pressure vessels configured to contain, for example, barite or the like, by filtering of vented air through a filter media, with the air discharge being controlled by a pressure sensor actuating a depressurizing regulator valve, located between the vessel and the filter. The present system contemplated a filter which may be cleaned by reverse pulse pressurization or backwash, thereby providing low maintenance filtration while preventing particle emissions into the atmosphere. The present system utilizes a high capacity, stacked filtration medium, which provides a greater filtration, with a surface contact area far in excess of the present systems on the market, which primarily rely upon bag house filtration. The present system thereby provides a low maintenance, efficient, and relatively cost effective system of controlled, filtered, and silenced venting on a process which would otherwise emit particulates into the air, while generating a significant amount of noise in the process.

A flood gun 10 for charge neutralization of an analysis region R_a of a sample S downstream of the flood gun, comprising: a first source 30 of electrons; a second source 50 of positively charged particles; and an extraction and focusing assembly 60,64, arranged to: (i) extract a first, electron beam from the first source and focus the first beam to a first flood area A_e at the analysis region; and (ii) extract a second, positive particle beam from the second source and focus the second beam to a second flood area A_i at the analysis region. The electron beam and the positive particle beam may both be extracted and focused simultaneously, in a single mode of operation or, alternately, in a dual mode of operation. A corresponding method of providing charge neutralization and a spectroscopic system for secondary particle emission analysis are disclosed.

Exhaust gas amitted from a diesel engine flows through a ceramic soot filter in which particles contained in the exhaust are deposited and oxidized to regenerate the filter. The filter is regenerated by non-thermal, electric surface creeping discharge on filter surfaces covered with particles. In addition, nitrogen oxides may be reduced by selective catalytic reduction. The system is designed to ensure operation reliability and environmental compatibility.

The invention discloses a vehicle particle emission measuring device which comprises a particle concentration tester and a data recording and processing module. A tail pipe is sequentially connected with a sampling probe and a sampling dilutor before being communicated with the particle concentration tester, thereby forming a gas flux channel. The sampling dilutor is connected with a diluting control device. The particle concentration tester is connected with a vacuum pump. A pressure sensor and an exhaust flow-meter are arranged in the tail pipe respectively. The pressure sensor, the exhaust flow-meter and the particle concentration tester transmit signals to a data recording and processing module respectively. The invention also discloses a method employing the mentioned measuring devices for vehicle particle emission measurement. The device of the invention arrives at the amount of the mass of particle matters exhausted during the testing process by calculating the data collected by relevant devices, instead of weighing, and can reflect objectively the weight of particle matters exhausted during any test time period, which in turn can play an important role in making effective control tactics.

A method and system are provided for accelerated detection of soft error rates (SER) in integrated circuits (IC's) due to transient particle emission. An integrated circuit is packaged for accelerated transient particle emission by doping the underfill thereof with a transient-particle-emitting material having a predetermined emission rate. The emission rate is substantially constant over a predetermined period of time for testing. Accelerated transient-particle-emission testing is performed on the integrated circuit. Single-event upsets due to soft errors are detected, and a quantitative measurement of SER is determined.

A system and a method of generating radiation and/or particle emissions are disclosed. In at least some embodiments, the system includes at least one laser source that generates a first pulse and a second pulse in temporal succession, and a target, where the target (or at least a portion the target) becomes a plasma upon being exposed to the first pulse. The plasma expand after the exposure to the first pulse, the expanded plasma is then exposed to the second pulse, and at least one of a radiation emission and a particle emission occurs after the exposure to the second pulse. In at least some embodiments, the target is a solid piece of material, and/or a time period between the first and second pulses is less than 1 microsecond (e.g., 840 ns).

The invention relates to an improved flame-simulation acceleration algorithm based on a particle system, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating a generated track so as to record accelerated speeds, colors and life value attributes of particles; (2) generating particles with a particle emitter; (3) distributing a track to each particle; (4) obtaining more three attributes of the particle from the track and updating other attributes of the particle; carrying out the step (5) if the particle reaches an end frame of the track; rendering the particle; updating track information, and carrying out the step (6) if the track life is 0; and repeating the step (4) till the system exits; (5) regenerating the particles and distributing the tracks; and (6) recalculating the tracks and regenerating all particles on the tracks. Compared with a method of the traditional particle system and a track method, the improved flame-simulation acceleration algorithm has the advantages that the calculated amount of the traditional method is greatly reduced, so as to play a role in acceleration on one hand; on the other hand, the distortion problem of rendering in the track method can be solved, the rendering of large-scale surface combustion can be supported, and the improvement can be realized.

The present invent provides a particle detector for counting and measuring the flight time of secondary electrons and scattered ions and neutrals and to correlate coincidences between these and backscattered ions/and neutrals while maintaining a continuous unpulsed microfocused primary ion beam for impinging a surface. Intensities of the primary particle scattering and secondary particle emissions are correlated with the position of impact of the focused beam onto a materials surface so that a spatially resolved surface elemental and electronic structural mapping is obtained by scanning the focused beam across the surface.

A vapor deposition particle emitting device (30) includes a hollow rotor (40) provided with a first and a second nozzle sections (50 and 60), a rolling mechanism, and heat exchangers (52 and 62), and when the rolling mechanism causes the rotor (40) to rotate, the heat exchangers (52 and 62) switch between cooling and heating in accordance with placement of the nozzle section so that that one of the nozzle sections which faces outward has a temperature lower than a temperature at which vapor deposition material turns into gas and the other nozzle section has a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the vapor deposition material turns into the gas.

The invention is directed to an arrangement for the suppression of particle emission in the generation of radiation based on hot plasma in x-ray radiation sources, particularly EUV radiation sources. The object of the invention, to find a novel possibility for debris filtering in plasma-coupled radiation sources which permits a reliable retention of charged and uncharged particles without substantially reducing transmission or limiting the usable solid angle of radiation, is met, according to the invention, by an arrangement for the suppression of particle emission with generation of radiation based on a hot plasma having a vacuum chamber for generating the plasma in that the outlet opening of the vacuum chamber is followed by means for generating an electric field, wherein the electric field is oriented orthogonal to the central propagation direction of a divergent beam bundle exiting in a defined solid angle, and means for generating a gas sink so that a resulting particle flow is oriented parallel to the direction of the electric field. The particle flow is advantageously further reinforced in the direction of the gas sink by an oppositely arranged gas supply device.

The invention discloses a device and a method for controlling fine particle emission in wet flue gas desulfurization. The device includes a wet flue gas desulfurization column, a diffusion-type steam nozzle, a steam mass flow controller, an acoustic wave agglomeration chamber, an acoustic wave generating unit, a mist eliminator and a washing nozzle. In the device, flue gas adjustment, agglomeration and growth of fine particles and a removal effect are integratedly completed in the acoustic wave agglomeration chamber so that defects of low efficiency, high sound pressure level and high energy consumption during the agglomeration and the growth of the fine particles through conventional acoustic wave agglomeration are avoided, and meanwhile, the defect of quite high energy consumption required for achieving oversaturation of flue gas, which is low in moisture content, just by means of addition of steam is overcome when the removal of the fine particles is promoted by means of the steam phase transition principle. The device and the method allows a problem that an adjusting chamber and a phase transition chamber are required to be established at the same time in steam phase transition to be solved, is simplified in a device structure and a operation cost without change of a structure of an original desulfurization column, and can achieve low energy consumption and high efficient of removal of the fine particles in the wet flue gas desulfurization.

A transition metal-containing catalyzer is arranged on a particle filter installed in the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine and cannot be separated therefrom without being destroyed. To reduce emissions, at least one molecular sieve which retains polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans is arranged between the transition metal-containing catalyzer and the exhaust gas outlet. Further, the input side of the molecular sieve and/or the output side of the catalyzer has an oxidation activity for hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans upstream of the molecular sieve.

The invention is a method for emission tomographic reconstruction from measurement data, the method comprising the steps of: obtaining the measurement data corresponding to activity of particle emissions of a volume from a tomographic imaging system, and performing at least one iteration step to obtain emission density data of particle emissions of the volume from the measurement data, wherein the at least one iteration step comprises a forward projection being a projection from the emission density data to the measurement data, and a back projection being a projection from the measurement data to the emission density data, and the at least one iteration step is carried out in a parallel hardware architecture, wherein both the forward projection and the back projection are of at least partially gathering type, and the measurement data is of binned type. The invention also relates to computer readable medium and a system for processing tomographic reconstruction from measurement data.

An improved solder bump composition and method advantageously employs a thin low-alpha layer of lead (Pb) deposited in close proximity to alpha particle sensitive devices, while ordinary (i.e., low cost) Pb is used for the bulk of the solder bump. This approach allows for reduced overall cost while still providing protection from alpha-particle induced soft errors. The low-alpha layer reduces the flux of alpha particle into devices in two ways. First, the low-alpha layer is itself essentially Pb210 free and therefore alpha particle emissions from the low-alpha layer are negligible. Second, the low-alpha layer is substantially opaque to alpha particles emitted by the ordinary Pb which includes Pb210. As a result, sensitive circuits on a semiconductor chip employing the improved solder bump are shielded from alpha particle emissions of the low-cost Pb210-containing portion of a solder bump.

The invention provides a post-treatment purifier for internal combustion engine particle emission, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. The purifier is characterized by employing coercive means of circulation to change the exhaust path, so that all the exhaust passes through the filter; at the same time, the purifier employs filter combination with different trapping efficiencies (material, shape, density), so that smoke or / and particles with different particle sizes are respectively trapped to improve the trapping efficiency; and the purifier solves the problem of the surge of exhaust backpressure caused by rapid accumulation of smoke or / and particle in a trap device for internal combustion engine particle discharge of the prior art. Regeneration of particles can be carried out in any continuous or / and intermittent regeneration mode, such as filter catalyst coating, or be combined with other regeneration mode. The purifier reaches an overall filtration efficiency range as wide as 30-90%, and can be used as post-treatment purifier for a variety of internal combustion engine particle emission. After loading on a diesel engine, the particle emission can reach higher than grade four in national standard.

The invention designs a device for realizing acoustic agglomeration emission reduction of fine particles in high-flow flue gas of a burning energy system. The device comprises a high-pressure gas flow source, a high-pressure gas mixing chamber, gas flow sound sources, a horn, a coupling cabin, an agglomeration cabin, an extended cabin, a movable end surface, a conventional dust remover, a data sensing control part, a central measurement and control computer, a sound elimination part and a sound insulation part. According to the device, the three high-power gas flow sound sources are matched with a variable-section pipeline by fully utilizing the principle that the acoustic agglomeration efficiency is sharply improved along with the increment of the sound pressure level; a barrier structure and a gas-sound separation part are introduced, so that the fine particles are quickly agglomerated in the large-size agglomeration cabin under the action of a high-strength and low-harmonic-component planar standing wave sound field; running parameters are adjusted and optimized in a unified manner by virtue of the measurement and control computer; the best transmission efficiency of strong sound waves from generating to acting is realized and the characteristic change of the fine particles is adapted; the whole realization scheme has the advantages of emission reduction efficiency, economical efficiency, applicability, no pollution, extendability and the like.

A passive voltage contrast (PVC) system and method are disclosed for analyzing ICs to locate defects and failure mechanisms. During analysis a device side of a semiconductor die containing the IC is maintained in an electrically-floating condition without any ground electrical connection while a charged particle beam is scanned over the device side. Secondary particle emission from the device side of the IC is detected to form an image of device features, including electrical vias connected to transistor gates or to other structures in the IC. A difference in image contrast allows the defects or failure mechanisms be pinpointed. Varying the scan rate can, in some instances, produce an image reversal to facilitate precisely locating the defects or failure mechanisms in the IC. The system and method are useful for failure analysis of ICs formed on substrates (e.g. bulk semiconductor substrates and SOI substrates) and other types of structures.

A sputtering apparatus is disclosed which enables highly accurate monitor control of a film thickness and allows enhanced flexibility in design. The apparatus includes a substrate placement area in which a substrate is placed, a particle emission area in which a target is placed and sputter particles from the target are emitted, and a sensor placement area in which a sensor is placed for measuring a thickness of a film formed on the substrate. The substrate placement area and the sensor placement area are provided in a positional relationship having symmetry with respect to a center line of the particle emission area.

The invention relates to a method for igniting natural gas by polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE). The method takes PODE as a fuel to ignite natural gas. As PODE replaces diesel to serve as the ignition fuel to ignite natural gas, the cetane number and the oxygen content of the ignition fuel are improved, the ignitability of the ignition fuel is improved, emission of both THC and CO is reduced, the problem of instable ignition under certain working conditions is solved, and particle emission is further reduced. Meanwhile, PODE has favorable volatility and can be better mixed with air, the combustion temperature can be reduced together with specific control strategies, the emission of NOx is reduced, and excellent technical effects can be achieved without adding other ingredients or assistants. The technical scheme provided by the invention has a series of environmental protection characteristics, such as sufficient combustion and waste gas emission reduction, and can be directly applied to natural gas dual-fuel engines.

The invention relates to a hypersonic PLIF (Plane Laser Induced Fluorescence) wind tunnel experiment method based on acetone tracer. A hypersonic PLIF imaging diagnosis system based on acetone tracerincludes a laser source system, a sheet-shaped light beam shaping system, a PLIF image detection system and an acetone tracer supply system, and is characterized by taking the acetone as tracing particles, performing particle emission in the vacuum environment of a conventional hypersonic wind tunnel, obtaining a fluorescence signal of the acetone in the hypersonic flow field, applying the PLIF measurement technique to obtain a two-dimensional image of the hypersonic flow field.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly discloses a superfine smoke dust settling agent for coal burning boilers. The superfine smoke dust settling agent for coal burning boilers is prepared by mixing a wetting agent, a chemical aggregation agent and an accelerator with water according to certain parts by weight. All the components are water-soluble substances; and the settling agent can be implemented by using the original desulfurizing tower spray device, has the advantages of wide raw material sources, no toxicity, no smell, no harmful gas generation and simple implementation technique, and can lower the superfine particle emission by more than 30%.

Described is a method for cleaning the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, which method is suitable for reducing harmful gases and particle emissions. Here, the exhaust gas to be cleaned is conducted, under operating conditions, with a discontinuous profile of the air ratio [lambda] across a wall-flow filter substrate which comprises a catalytically active coating containing one storage material. The storage material is suitable for temporarily storing one or more exhaust-gas components under certain operating conditions and releasing said exhaust-gas components again in a targeted fashion in the event of a suitable change in the operating conditions. The coating is configured such that the component has a gradient of the storage material concentration and/or of the total coating amount, with the highest concentration of the storage material in the longitudinal direction of the component being present on the inflow side. At least 60% by weight of the storage material in relation to its total amount is present in the walls between inflow and outflow ducts, and at least 50% by weight of the storage material in relation to its total amount is present in a first, inflow-side zone in the wall-flow filter substrate.