179 results about "Particle scattering" patented technology

A planar velocity measurement system (100) is operative to measure all three velocity components of a flowing fluid (106) across an illuminated plane (108) using only a single line of sight. The fluid flow is seeded with small particles which accurately follow the flow field fluctuations. The seeded flow field is illuminated with pulsed laser light source (102) and the positions of the particles in the flow are recorded on CCD cameras (122,124). The in-plane velocities are measured by determining the in-plane particle displacements. The out-of-plane velocity component is determined by measuring the Doppler shift of the light scattered by the particles. Both gas and liquid velocities can be measured, as well as two-phase flows.

The present invention is directed to a luminescent waveguide device, and methods of making thereof, that may be used to convert solar energy into electricity. In particular, the present invention relates to extracting and waveguiding luminescence generated in a scattering medium so as to improve luminescent concentrator performance. By stacking one or a pair of transparent plates of refractive index slightly smaller than that of luminescent plate but still larger than that of air, a much greater fraction of re-emitted light by the embedded luminescent particles can be extracted so that the detrimental effect of particle scattering can be minimized. Additionally, by additionally using a high-efficiency diffractive optic component in the structure to redirect the re-emitted photons with angles falling into the escape zone to much larger angles so these otherwise outgoing photons can be waveguided by total internal reflection. These improvements minimize the critical-angle loss and increase the output light intensity at the ends of the waveguide.

The present invent provides a particle detector for counting and measuring the flight time of secondary electrons and scattered ions and neutrals and to correlate coincidences between these and backscattered ions / and neutrals while maintaining a continuous unpulsed microfocused primary ion beam for impinging a surface. Intensities of the primary particle scattering and secondary particle emissions are correlated with the position of impact of the focused beam onto a materials surface so that a spatially resolved surface elemental and electronic structural mapping is obtained by scanning the focused beam across the surface.

The invention relates to methods of assessing the polymorphic form of a substance by assessing Raman-shifted radiation scattered by a particle of the substance. The method is useful, for example, for assessing particle sizes and size distributions in mixtures containing both particles of the substance and other materials. The invention also relates to methods of selecting and controlling polymorph formation by illuminating a material with non-resonant (i.e., non-absorbed) laser radiation as it is thermally driven through a phase transition temperature.

The invention discloses a three-band integrated atmospheric aerosol particle scattering coefficient measuring instrument and a three-band integrated atmospheric aerosol particle scattering coefficient measuring method. The measuring instrument comprises an optical measurement chamber, a light-emitting-diode (LED)-based integrating sphere light source (7) is arranged at the top of the chamber, a plurality of diaphragms (19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24) are arranged in the chamber, and a reflector (9) is arranged at a non-detection end to prevent multiple times of scattered light from entering a detector (11); and a sample gas inlet port (17) and a gas outlet port (18) are formed in the chamber, and the sample gas is extracted through a sampling pump (13) and enters a scattering cavity (8) from the gas inlet port. When the integrating sphere light source (7) is lightened, the light emitted from the light source is irradiated on the sample gas, and the actual measured scattered light intensityis received through a single photon detector (11) and converted into the measured photon number; a frosted glass (28) with stable performance is used for generating scattered light to eliminate errors caused by light intensity fluctuation of a light source and magnification drift of a photoelectric multiplier tube; through the standard gas and the zero gas, the measured scattering coefficient is calibrated and the air Rayleigh scattering background is deducted; and the single photon detector converts the received scattered light signals into electrical signals, then the electrical signals areprocessed and controlled by a micro processing control circuit, the scattering coefficient is measured in real time, and the data are transmitted to a touch screen (16) and displayed. The measuring instrument has good instantaneity, high measurement precision and stable system, and is easy for maintenance.

The disclosed flow cytometer (40) includes; 1. a laser diode ("LD") based optical subsystem (50) for impinging a beam of light upon particles passing through a viewing zone; 2. a composite microscope objective (60) for gathering and imaging light scattered from or fluoresced by particles passing through the viewing zone; 3. a fluidic subsystem (70) for supplying a liquid sheath flow to the viewing zone; 4. a peristaltic pump (80) for injecting into the liquid sheath flow a liquid sample flow carrying particles that passes together with the liquid sheath flow through the viewing zone; 5. a multimode optical fiber (852) that receives scattered and fluoresced light from the viewing zone that the composite microscope objective (60) gathers and images; and 6. a wavelength division multiplexer (90) for optically separating into color bands light received via the optical fiber (852).

Disclosed are an inorganic fine particle scattering film and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein an inorganic fine particle layer comprising pores is formed on a light emitting device interface or a transparent substrate so as to achieve a high light extraction effect through a light scattering effect, and a planarizing layer is formed on the inorganic fine particle layer so as to show a high flatness and a high hardness. The disclosed inorganic fine particle scattering film is excellent in a light extraction effect, flatness and hardness and thus can be applied in the various fields such as an image display device, a lighting element, a solar cell.

The invention relates to a testing device for measuring a cold-state flow field in a gas burner based on a PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique. The testing device comprises a heating furnace cold-state model, a gas path system, a trace particle scattering device and a PIV testing system. By integrating the heating furnace cold-state model, the gas path system, the trace particle scattering device and a PIV imaging and image processor, the testing device for measuring the cold-stage flow field in the gas burner based on the PIV technique avoids disturbance of a traditional contact-type measurement means to actual flow, also avoids the defect that the flow field cannot be measured in a large scale through a single-point measurement method, and can test movement characteristics of gas flow generated by the gas burner in a combustion chamber quickly and accurately. The image processor conducts self-correlation and time averaging processing on smog trace particle original images measured through PIV to obtain an average speed vector diagram, and accordingly, the distribution of the flow field is analyzed.

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural solid manure, and particularly relates to a water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango and a preparation method thereof. According to the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango provided by the invention, mango bare branches, grass carbon, animal manure and municipal organic waste are used as raw materials, decayed materials are obtained through fermentation and decay of microorganism fungus, and then agricultural water retention agent is added in the decayed materials so as to obtain the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango, wherein the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango comprises the following raw materials according to parts by weight: 0-10 parts of mango bare branches, 25-35 parts of grass carbon, 30-40 parts of animal manure, 20-30 parts of municipal organic waste, 0.01-0.02 parts of microorganism fungus, and 0.1-0.4 parts of agricultural water retention agent. Through the utilization of the combination of mango bare branches, grass carbon, animal manure and municipal organic waste, special water-retaining biological organic fertilizer for mango for tip promoting, flower forcing and fruit enlarging is developed, so that waste is changed into valuable. Simultaneously, the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango obtained in the invention is good for water retaining, fertilizer maintenance and temperature preservation, and the structural performance of soil is improved; and the prepared particle biological organic fertilizer is resistant to storage and not easy for dehydration to cause particle scattering.

The invention discloses an air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof. The air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof are characterized in that the smoke particle detector is arranged at the tail end of an air pumping pipeline in the monitored area, an air sample is drawn by the air pumping pipeline in a drive mode and filtered, and the smoke particles with the grain diameters of not more than 20 microns in the air sample drawn in the drive mode and filtered are tested through the detector according to a laser particle scattering method. According to the air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof, infinitesimal smoke particles can be detected, and fire characteristic parameters can be effectively detected in the ultra early stage of fire; interferences of passive waiting and delaying and air motion of a protected area are overcome, and the influence on detecting precision due to smoke particle concentration dilution is eliminated; by high-sensitive composite monitoring on the fire characteristic parameters of smoke particle concentration, temperature and carbon monoxide gas in the air sample, the defect that smoke particles are monitored in a single mode through an existing air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detecting system can be overcome, and therefore false alarm rate is effectively lowered.

An apparatus (7) for monitoring particles flowing in a stack (6), comprises: an electrical-interaction monitor (1) operable to provide a signal (300) resulting from electrical interaction of the particles with the monitor (1). a scattered-light monitor (10) operable to provide a signal (310) resulting from detection of light scattered from the particles, and a controller (320) arranged to alter the calibration of the electrical-interaction monitor 1 in response to changes in the relative magnitude of the electrical-interaction (signal 300) and the scattered-light signal (310).

An apparatus and system for detecting and measuring particles entrained in an air stream. The apparatus and system include an enclosure configured to define an aerosol sampling path and an optical path. The aerosol sampling path allows an air stream having entrained particles to pass therethrough. The aerosol sampling path intersects with the optical path. The intersection defines a sensing region. The sensing region may use a band pass filter to improve signal to noise ratio. At least one flow rate sensor may be located near the sensing region. A light source provides a light beam along the optical path. The light beam intersects with the air stream in the sensing region, wherein the light beam may be scattered by entrained particles contained in the aerosol sampling path.

An auxiliary braking mechanism is operated to increase a braking effect, only after it is determined whether adding the auxiliary braking mechanism during vehicle braking by a main braking mechanism will increase the braking effect. In the case where a main braking force is generated on a tire by pressing of friction material in a caliper on a disc rotor, and an approximate speed from an acceleration sensor is smaller than a predetermined value, while an outside temperature from an outside temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range including the freezing point, an auxiliary brake ECU estimates that water or a mixture of water and ice are present on a frozen road surface, determines that a road surface μ can be increased through operation of the auxiliary braking mechanism, and scatters sand on the road surface using a particle scattering device. Thus, it is possible to prevent lowering of the road surface μ by scattering sand on the completely frozen road surface.

Apparatus for the detection of analytes in a fluid, for example the eluant from a liquid chromatography is described. Solvent is evaporated from the eluant to produce a stream of particles when analyte is present in the fluid. The resultant stream of particles is passed through one or more beams of radiation, typically visible light, and radiation scattered by the particles is detected at least at a first angle to a beam of radiation and at a second, different, angle to a radiation beam to produce a signal indicative of the presence of the analyte.Chromatographic apparatus incorporating the detector and methods of operating the detector and chromatographic apparatus are also described.

An apparatus for the detection of a fluid-borne particle (10) in an optically defined particle sensing zone, the apparatus comprising: i) a scattering chamber (40); ii) a means for providing a sample of fluid (34), containing the fluid-borne particle, in the form of a flow through the optically defined particle sensing zone; iii) A means for generating a beam of radiation (12) through the optically defined particle sensing zone; iv) a single reflector or refractor (14) means having a primary focus (16) within the optically defined particle sensing zone and a secondary focus (20) located outside the beam of radiation; v) a detector means comprising a first photosensitive detection area (26) a second photosensitive detection area (29); vi) a means for deriving area from the radiation detected by the first photosensitive detection area and second photosensitive detection area of the detection means wherein the single reflector or refractor means is adapted to direct radiation scattered from the fluid borne particle passing through the beam of radiation within the optically defined particle sensing zone to the detection means located at the secondary focus of the single reflector or refractor means and the optically sensing zone comprises a first and a second zone.

The invention provides a laser forward-scattering cloud droplet spectrum probing system. A laser used as an emission source and a laser focusing optical system are installed in the same arm of a probe; a photoelectric probe and a scattering light collecting optical system are installed in the other arm of the probe; a signal amplification circuit is arranged in a substrate between two arms of the probe; the focusing optical system forms a particle scattering region near a focus accessory; the scattering region is positioned at the center of the two arms; scattering signals are focused on a beam splitter prism through an imaging lens; the beam splitter prism guides the scattering signals to two photoelectric probes which are vertically installed according to proportion so as to perform comparison probing; the signal intensity of one photoelectric probe determines the size of the particles; and the signal intensity of the other probe determines the area of the scattering region, and the cloud droplet spectrum in the air, cloud droplet concentration and water content data can be calculated further. The system disclosed by the invention, based on the micro particles in the air to realize Mie scattering effect on laser, can determine the parameters of the cloud droplets by probing the scattering signals in a space sampling region.

Provided is a substrate for an organic light emitting diode including a base substrate, a high refractive scattering layer formed on the base substrate, and having a scattering particle scattering light in a high refractive material, and an adhesive layer formed between the base substrate and the high refractive scattering layer to laminate the base substrate with the high refractive scattering layer, wherein the high refractive scattering layer has a structure in which the scattering particle is immersed in the high refractive material, an average thickness of the high refractive scattering layer is smaller than an average diameter of the scattering particle, a surface of the high refractive scattering layer laminated with the base substrate by the adhesive layer has unevenness formed by the scattering particle, the opposite surface of the high refractive scattering layer laminated with the base substrate by the adhesive layer has a planarized surface, and a method for manufacturing the same. The substrate may have an excellent degree of planarization and improved light extraction efficiency without degradation in performance of the diode, and low process and material costs and mass-production of the substrate may be easily achieved.

The invention relates to a particle scattering phase function measuring device and a measuring method. The invention aims to solve the problems in the conventional method that a big measuring error is caused by influences of surface reflection and inner interface multiple reflection of a glass container when a detector is arranged outside a transparent container and that a scattering phase function cannot be accurately obtained under the condition that the amount of suspended particle samples is small in the conventional measuring method. The measuring method comprises the following steps: 1, measuring scattering light intensity distribution of a standard particle system contained in a transparent circular cuvette under different scattering angles through an experiment; 2, obtaining a correction factor of a scattering phase function of the standard particle system under different scattering angles; and 3, measuring scattering light intensity distribution of a to-be-measured particle system through an experiment, correcting the scattering light intensity distribution of the to-be-measured particle system by utilizing the correction factor of the scattering phase function of the standard particle system, thereby obtaining the scattering phase function of the to-be-measured particle system. The measuring method disclosed by the invention is used for measuring the particle scattering phase function.

The invention discloses a low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system based on a bicolor laser scanning technique. The low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system comprises a laser assembly, a photographing assembly and a galvanometer or rotating prism. The laser assembly comprises two or more laser devices transmitting low power consumption continuous lasers, and the laser devices are driven by a battery. The galvanometer or rotating prism scans two or more laser beams into a measurement flow filed in sequence, and twice or more lighting of tracer particles in fluid is achieved. The photographing assembly comprises a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, and particle scattered light passing through the measurement flow filed images on the CCD camera respectively to form a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) image group. According to the low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system, one particle in the scanning filed is lighted twice in one-time scanning, the interval of two photographing time can be manually controlled, and therefore the high speed flow field photographing obstacle is removed on the premise of ensuring particle scattering intensity. Power consumption requirements of the system assemblies are greatly reduced, the system assemblies can be driven by the battery, and therefore the low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system can be used for measurement of underground flow fields at the outdoor site.

This invention provides improved methods and compositions for achieving material coloration using particle scattering. These coloration effects can be designed to be either highly stable or dependent upon the switching effects of either temperature, integrated thermal exposure, moisture absorption, or exposure to actinic radiation. Articles employing materials with these coloration effects are described. Composition comprise a solid, light-transmitting matrix component having a non-liquid particle scattering colorant dispersed. Articles are produced wherein another solid second matrix component has an electronic transition colorant dispersed therein and the first and second compositions are disposed on one another, and optionally interpenetrate each other. Colored articles are produced in the form of fibers, films and molded articles.

A laser phase Doppler dust particle monitoring method and apparatus belongs to particle measuring technique. It includes the steps that two beams of coherent incident light has concourse and irradiate normally to flowing direction of dust particle current; two sensors are installed with symmetry, optical signal of particle scattering received by which has the same frequency but different phase, its frequency is proportional to flight velocity of particle and phase difference is proportional to with diameter of particle, by using processor to extract frequency and phase difference of signal, the diameter, velocity and other information of particle are obtained. The apparatus consists of detecting system containing laser source, polarizer, beam splitter, objective lens and APD sensor and processing system containing signal preprocessor, high speed synchronous A / D converter, wavelet processor, parameter processor and data fractional, synchronous controller. The invention has the advantages including high accuracy and reliability of parameter measurement like velocity and diameter of dust particle, wide measuring range and excellent applicability.

The invention provides a multispectral polarization image defogging method combined with a sky light polarization model, which comprises the following steps: under a foggy weather condition, firstly,acquiring polarization images under different spectrum channels by using a multispectral polarization imaging detection system, and simultaneously measuring the aerosol optical thickness of a corresponding spectrum band by using a sun photometer; secondly, inputting a detection waveband, a solar zenith angle, aerosol optical thickness, aerosol particle scattering information and the like into a sky light polarization model; obtaining a sky light polarization state distribution diagram through simulation, selecting a sky area in a horizontal field angle on a detection azimuth angle, and obtaining the average value of the light intensity and the average value of the polarization degree to serve as an atmospheric light intensity value and an atmospheric light polarization degree value at infinity respectively. And finally, defogging the polarization images of different spectrum channels by using a defogging method based on polarization difference. According to the method, the problem thatthe polarization degree atmospheric light information is estimated mistakenly when no sky area exists in a multispectral polarization image scene or some high-brightness objects exist in the scene issolved.

The invention provides a cirrus cloud micro-physical parameter calculation method for a terahertz radar. The cirrus cloud micro-physical parameter calculation method is characterized in that by usinga discrete dipole approximation method, particle scattering characteristic data in the terahertz frequency band are calculated, by combining cirrus cloud ice crystal particle spectrum distribution parameters, a radar reflectivity factor is calculated, a corrected forward physical model is established, by minimizing cost functions, an iterative solution of a to-be-inverted parameter is obtained, the sum of a set cirrus cloud ice crystal particle spectrum parameter and a random error is used as an iteration initial value, to-be-inverted cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters are determined through iterative operation, the calculation result is compared with set cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters, so that it is judged that the method can be effectively used for calculating the cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters. The method has the advantages that the steps are simple, the calculation is reliable, moreover, a lot of statistical data is not needed, and the quite good practical application value is achieved.

The invention discloses a reconstructive peeping prevention optical PUF. The PUF comprises a substrate, a medium nanometer granular layer growing on the substrate and metal nano particles which have different particle sizes and are randomly doped in the medium nanometer granular layer. Through doping the metal namo particles with the different particle sizes in the medium nano particle scattering layer, by use of the optical absorption selectivity of the metal nano particles with different dimensions, the optical PUF is extremely sensitive to the wavelength of an incident laser; during normal operation and application of a specific wavelength for excitation, the optical PUF generates strong scattering to form a specific speckle pattern for identity authentication; and during application of a laser beyond the specific wavelength, the metal nano particles included in the optical PUF are melted, the microstructure of the PUF is irreversibly damaged, and thus a substantial influence is exerted on the speckle response of the PUF. Therefore, while physical unclonnable feature is obtained, malicious peeping can be effectively prevented, and the microstructure can be reconstructed.

An auxiliary braking mechanism is operated to increase a braking effect, only after it is determined whether adding the auxiliary braking mechanism during vehicle braking by a main braking mechanism will increase the braking effect. In the case where a main braking force is generated on a tire by pressing of friction material in a caliper on a disc rotor, and an approximate speed from an acceleration sensor is smaller than a predetermined value, while an outside temperature from an outside temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range including the freezing point, an auxiliary brake ECU estimates that water or a mixture of water and ice are present on a frozen road surface, determines that a road surface μ can be increased through operation of the auxiliary braking mechanism, and scatters sand on the road surface using a particle scattering device. Thus, it is possible to prevent lowering of the road surface μ by scattering sand on the completely frozen road surface.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for sun rose grapes. The cultivation method includes the following steps: setting up a flat mesh rack; performing field planting of seedlings of the sun rose grapes; performing pinching and trimming after sprouting of the planting seedlings; continuously performing pinching after sprouting of the grapes in the second year; shaping spica before blooming of the grapes; performing fruit retention after full blooming of the spica of the grapes; setting the spica after fruit bearing; performing particle scattering on clusters after setting the spica; performing harvesting after the grapes are ripe. With the method that the spica are trimmed before blooming of the grapes, fruit is retained after full blooming of the spica of the grapes, fruit setting rate is increased, and yield of the grapes is guaranteed; production is controlled after fruit bearing by setting the spica, the clusters are subjected to particle scattering, size of the spaca and flourishing growth of new shoots are strictly controlled, quality of the grapes is improved, and the sun rose grapes with good quality and steady production are obtained.

The invention relates to a haze particle scattering effect measurement method based on polarization detection, and belongs to the field of imaging detection. According to the haze particle scattering effect measurement method, an active polarized light emitter, a haze environment chamber, a polarization property analysis device and a computer system are arranged, the active polarized light emitter, the haze environment chamber and the polarization property analysis device are respectively connected to the computer system, an incident light beam sequentially passes through the active polarized light emitter, the haze environment chamber and the polarization property analysis device to obtain scattered light, the information of the scattered light is processed by the computer system, and the polarization property information after the scattering by non-spherical haze particles is resolved by using a non-spherical particle simulation program. Compared to the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages that the non-spherical haze particles can be simulated, the particle shape and the visibility of the particles can be controlled, the influence of the haze particles on the polarized light transmission property can be qualitatively and quantitatively studied, the non-spherical particle scattering effect test can be achieved, and the reliable theoretical basis is provided for the polarization detection of the haze environment.

The present invention discloses a single particle scattering measurement method based on microfluidic chip particle capturing. The single particle scattering measurement method comprises microfluidic chip design production, measuring environment configuration, aligning, single particle capturing and single particle environment constructing, single particle large angle scattering distribution determining and other correlated methods. Compared with the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following characteristics that: the microfluidic chip particle capturing technology is combined, such that the disadvantages of the single-particle large-angle scattering and the light scattering characteristic measurement method within the large dynamic range are overcome, and the single particle large angle scattering distribution measurement is achieved.

The invention relates to a photo-electricity smoke sensing fire detection method and device based on depolarizing rate. Its features are that light beam is emitted to the smoke particle by the polarizer; the plane of the incidence beam is used as scattering base plane; the up and down sides of the receiving plane normal to the scattering base plane are set same two the first and second photo-electricity receivers both of which are aimed at the particle scattering center; and one of which end is set one polarization verifying machine; the optical axis of the polarizer and polarization verifying machine are normal to the scattering base plane. It uses the change of the polarization feature in particle light scattering to identify ash smoke particle, dark smoke particle, dust, water vapor interference source particle, reduce the rate of false alarm of the smoke sensing detecting, increase its response sensitivity.

A sensor is provided for detecting and characterizing particles in a fluid. The sensor has a microfluidic channel for receiving the fluid sample, an acoustic transducer module configured to generate a standing wave for concentrating the particles in a region of the microfluidic channel; an optical detection module configured to detect optical signals scattered by the particles upon illuminating the region of the fluid sample with a light source; and a data processing module configured to characterize the particles of the fluid sample based on the optical signals using a classifier.