174 results about "Particle scattering" patented technology

The present invention is directed to a luminescent waveguide device, and methods of making thereof, that may be used to convert solar energy into electricity. In particular, the present invention relates to extracting and waveguiding luminescence generated in a scattering medium so as to improve luminescent concentrator performance. By stacking one or a pair of transparent plates of refractive index slightly smaller than that of luminescent plate but still larger than that of air, a much greater fraction of re-emitted light by the embedded luminescent particles can be extracted so that the detrimental effect of particle scattering can be minimized. Additionally, by additionally using a high-efficiency diffractive optic component in the structure to redirect the re-emitted photons with angles falling into the escape zone to much larger angles so these otherwise outgoing photons can be waveguided by total internal reflection. These improvements minimize the critical-angle loss and increase the output light intensity at the ends of the waveguide.

The present invent provides a particle detector for counting and measuring the flight time of secondary electrons and scattered ions and neutrals and to correlate coincidences between these and backscattered ions/and neutrals while maintaining a continuous unpulsed microfocused primary ion beam for impinging a surface. Intensities of the primary particle scattering and secondary particle emissions are correlated with the position of impact of the focused beam onto a materials surface so that a spatially resolved surface elemental and electronic structural mapping is obtained by scanning the focused beam across the surface.

The invention relates to methods of assessing the polymorphic form of a substance by assessing Raman-shifted radiation scattered by a particle of the substance. The method is useful, for example, for assessing particle sizes and size distributions in mixtures containing both particles of the substance and other materials. The invention also relates to methods of selecting and controlling polymorph formation by illuminating a material with non-resonant (i.e., non-absorbed) laser radiation as it is thermally driven through a phase transition temperature.

The invention discloses a three-band integrated atmospheric aerosol particle scattering coefficient measuring instrument and a three-band integrated atmospheric aerosol particle scattering coefficient measuring method. The measuring instrument comprises an optical measurement chamber, a light-emitting-diode (LED)-based integrating sphere light source (7) is arranged at the top of the chamber, a plurality of diaphragms (19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24) are arranged in the chamber, and a reflector (9) is arranged at a non-detection end to prevent multiple times of scattered light from entering a detector (11); and a sample gas inlet port (17) and a gas outlet port (18) are formed in the chamber, and the sample gas is extracted through a sampling pump (13) and enters a scattering cavity (8) from the gas inlet port. When the integrating sphere light source (7) is lightened, the light emitted from the light source is irradiated on the sample gas, and the actual measured scattered light intensityis received through a single photon detector (11) and converted into the measured photon number; a frosted glass (28) with stable performance is used for generating scattered light to eliminate errors caused by light intensity fluctuation of a light source and magnification drift of a photoelectric multiplier tube; through the standard gas and the zero gas, the measured scattering coefficient is calibrated and the air Rayleigh scattering background is deducted; and the single photon detector converts the received scattered light signals into electrical signals, then the electrical signals areprocessed and controlled by a micro processing control circuit, the scattering coefficient is measured in real time, and the data are transmitted to a touch screen (16) and displayed. The measuring instrument has good instantaneity, high measurement precision and stable system, and is easy for maintenance.

Disclosed are an inorganic fine particle scattering film and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein an inorganic fine particle layer comprising pores is formed on a light emitting device interface or a transparent substrate so as to achieve a high light extraction effect through a light scattering effect, and a planarizing layer is formed on the inorganic fine particle layer so as to show a high flatness and a high hardness. The disclosed inorganic fine particle scattering film is excellent in a light extraction effect, flatness and hardness and thus can be applied in the various fields such as an image display device, a lighting element, a solar cell.

The invention relates to a testing device for measuring a cold-state flow field in a gas burner based on a PIV (particle image velocimetry) technique. The testing device comprises a heating furnace cold-state model, a gas path system, a trace particle scattering device and a PIV testing system. By integrating the heating furnace cold-state model, the gas path system, the trace particle scattering device and a PIV imaging and image processor, the testing device for measuring the cold-stage flow field in the gas burner based on the PIV technique avoids disturbance of a traditional contact-type measurement means to actual flow, also avoids the defect that the flow field cannot be measured in a large scale through a single-point measurement method, and can test movement characteristics of gas flow generated by the gas burner in a combustion chamber quickly and accurately. The image processor conducts self-correlation and time averaging processing on smog trace particle original images measured through PIV to obtain an average speed vector diagram, and accordingly, the distribution of the flow field is analyzed.

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural solid manure, and particularly relates to a water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango and a preparation method thereof. According to the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango provided by the invention, mango bare branches, grass carbon, animal manure and municipal organic waste are used as raw materials, decayed materials are obtained through fermentation and decay of microorganism fungus, and then agricultural water retention agent is added in the decayed materials so as to obtain the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango, wherein the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango comprises the following raw materials according to parts by weight: 0-10 parts of mango bare branches, 25-35 parts of grass carbon, 30-40 parts of animal manure, 20-30 parts of municipal organic waste, 0.01-0.02 parts of microorganism fungus, and 0.1-0.4 parts of agricultural water retention agent. Through the utilization of the combination of mango bare branches, grass carbon, animal manure and municipal organic waste, special water-retaining biological organic fertilizer for mango for tip promoting, flower forcing and fruit enlarging is developed, so that waste is changed into valuable. Simultaneously, the water-retaining biological organic fertilizer used for mango obtained in the invention is good for water retaining, fertilizer maintenance and temperature preservation, and the structural performance of soil is improved; and the prepared particle biological organic fertilizer is resistant to storage and not easy for dehydration to cause particle scattering.

An apparatus and system for detecting and measuring particles entrained in an air stream. The apparatus and system include an enclosure configured to define an aerosol sampling path and an optical path. The aerosol sampling path allows an air stream having entrained particles to pass therethrough. The aerosol sampling path intersects with the optical path. The intersection defines a sensing region. The sensing region may use a band pass filter to improve signal to noise ratio. At least one flow rate sensor may be located near the sensing region. A light source provides a light beam along the optical path. The light beam intersects with the air stream in the sensing region, wherein the light beam may be scattered by entrained particles contained in the aerosol sampling path.

An auxiliary braking mechanism is operated to increase a braking effect, only after it is determined whether adding the auxiliary braking mechanism during vehicle braking by a main braking mechanism will increase the braking effect. In the case where a main braking force is generated on a tire by pressing of friction material in a caliper on a disc rotor, and an approximate speed from an acceleration sensor is smaller than a predetermined value, while an outside temperature from an outside temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range including the freezing point, an auxiliary brake ECU estimates that water or a mixture of water and ice are present on a frozen road surface, determines that a road surface μ can be increased through operation of the auxiliary braking mechanism, and scatters sand on the road surface using a particle scattering device. Thus, it is possible to prevent lowering of the road surface μ by scattering sand on the completely frozen road surface.

The invention relates to a particle scattering phase function measuring device and a measuring method. The invention aims to solve the problems in the conventional method that a big measuring error is caused by influences of surface reflection and inner interface multiple reflection of a glass container when a detector is arranged outside a transparent container and that a scattering phase function cannot be accurately obtained under the condition that the amount of suspended particle samples is small in the conventional measuring method. The measuring method comprises the following steps: 1, measuring scattering light intensity distribution of a standard particle system contained in a transparent circular cuvette under different scattering angles through an experiment; 2, obtaining a correction factor of a scattering phase function of the standard particle system under different scattering angles; and 3, measuring scattering light intensity distribution of a to-be-measured particle system through an experiment, correcting the scattering light intensity distribution of the to-be-measured particle system by utilizing the correction factor of the scattering phase function of the standard particle system, thereby obtaining the scattering phase function of the to-be-measured particle system. The measuring method disclosed by the invention is used for measuring the particle scattering phase function.

The invention discloses a low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system based on a bicolor laser scanning technique. The low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system comprises a laser assembly, a photographing assembly and a galvanometer or rotating prism. The laser assembly comprises two or more laser devices transmitting low power consumption continuous lasers, and the laser devices are driven by a battery. The galvanometer or rotating prism scans two or more laser beams into a measurement flow filed in sequence, and twice or more lighting of tracer particles in fluid is achieved. The photographing assembly comprises a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, and particle scattered light passing through the measurement flow filed images on the CCD camera respectively to form a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) image group. According to the low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system, one particle in the scanning filed is lighted twice in one-time scanning, the interval of two photographing time can be manually controlled, and therefore the high speed flow field photographing obstacle is removed on the premise of ensuring particle scattering intensity. Power consumption requirements of the system assemblies are greatly reduced, the system assemblies can be driven by the battery, and therefore the low power consumption particle picture velocity measurement system can be used for measurement of underground flow fields at the outdoor site.

The invention provides a cirrus cloud micro-physical parameter calculation method for a terahertz radar. The cirrus cloud micro-physical parameter calculation method is characterized in that by usinga discrete dipole approximation method, particle scattering characteristic data in the terahertz frequency band are calculated, by combining cirrus cloud ice crystal particle spectrum distribution parameters, a radar reflectivity factor is calculated, a corrected forward physical model is established, by minimizing cost functions, an iterative solution of a to-be-inverted parameter is obtained, the sum of a set cirrus cloud ice crystal particle spectrum parameter and a random error is used as an iteration initial value, to-be-inverted cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters are determined through iterative operation, the calculation result is compared with set cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters, so that it is judged that the method can be effectively used for calculating the cirrus cloud micro-physical parameters. The method has the advantages that the steps are simple, the calculation is reliable, moreover, a lot of statistical data is not needed, and the quite good practical application value is achieved.

The invention discloses a reconstructive peeping prevention optical PUF. The PUF comprises a substrate, a medium nanometer granular layer growing on the substrate and metal nano particles which have different particle sizes and are randomly doped in the medium nanometer granular layer. Through doping the metal namo particles with the different particle sizes in the medium nano particle scattering layer, by use of the optical absorption selectivity of the metal nano particles with different dimensions, the optical PUF is extremely sensitive to the wavelength of an incident laser; during normal operation and application of a specific wavelength for excitation, the optical PUF generates strong scattering to form a specific speckle pattern for identity authentication; and during application of a laser beyond the specific wavelength, the metal nano particles included in the optical PUF are melted, the microstructure of the PUF is irreversibly damaged, and thus a substantial influence is exerted on the speckle response of the PUF. Therefore, while physical unclonnable feature is obtained, malicious peeping can be effectively prevented, and the microstructure can be reconstructed.

The invention relates to a haze particle scattering effect measurement method based on polarization detection, and belongs to the field of imaging detection. According to the haze particle scattering effect measurement method, an active polarized light emitter, a haze environment chamber, a polarization property analysis device and a computer system are arranged, the active polarized light emitter, the haze environment chamber and the polarization property analysis device are respectively connected to the computer system, an incident light beam sequentially passes through the active polarized light emitter, the haze environment chamber and the polarization property analysis device to obtain scattered light, the information of the scattered light is processed by the computer system, and the polarization property information after the scattering by non-spherical haze particles is resolved by using a non-spherical particle simulation program. Compared to the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages that the non-spherical haze particles can be simulated, the particle shape and the visibility of the particles can be controlled, the influence of the haze particles on the polarized light transmission property can be qualitatively and quantitatively studied, the non-spherical particle scattering effect test can be achieved, and the reliable theoretical basis is provided for the polarization detection of the haze environment.

The present invention discloses a single particle scattering measurement method based on microfluidic chip particle capturing. The single particle scattering measurement method comprises microfluidic chip design production, measuring environment configuration, aligning, single particle capturing and single particle environment constructing, single particle large angle scattering distribution determining and other correlated methods. Compared with the method in the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following characteristics that: the microfluidic chip particle capturing technology is combined, such that the disadvantages of the single-particle large-angle scattering and the light scattering characteristic measurement method within the large dynamic range are overcome, and the single particle large angle scattering distribution measurement is achieved.

A sensor is provided for detecting and characterizing particles in a fluid. The sensor has a microfluidic channel for receiving the fluid sample, an acoustic transducer module configured to generate a standing wave for concentrating the particles in a region of the microfluidic channel; an optical detection module configured to detect optical signals scattered by the particles upon illuminating the region of the fluid sample with a light source; and a data processing module configured to characterize the particles of the fluid sample based on the optical signals using a classifier.

The invention discloses a SPAMS actual measurement-based non-linear inversion method of optical parameters of uniform spherical particles of aerosol. The non-linear inversion method comprises the following steps: detecting PSL balls with different particle diameters and known optical property parameters by adopting an SPAMS, and obtaining the scattering intensity of the actually-measured PSL balls by averaging; simultaneously, combining geometrical parameters of an ellipsoidal reflector of the SPAMS and a single-particle uniform spherical model according to a Mie scattering theory to obtain the optical scattering theory response of the PSL balls; carrying out the linear combination on the optical scattering theory response and the scattering intensity obtained by the actual measurement so as to obtain a linear relation of actually-measured scattering data and theory scattering data; applying the obtained linear relation in atmospherical single-particle scattering data in the SPAMS actual measurement, so as to obtain corresponding the Mie theory scattering intensity; and carrying out the non-linear inversion fitting on the Mie theory scattering intensity so as to obtain the optical property parameters. The non-linear inversion method disclosed by the invention is high in efficiency and accurate, is applied in the SPAMS, and can be widely applied in the field of the atmospheric environment science.

The invention provides an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device including a mixed covering layer, wherein the mixed covering layer includes a particle scattering layer and a multilayer covering layer (such as a first covering sub-layer and a second covering sub-layer); the particle scattering layer is arranged between the first covering sub-layer and a top transparent electrode and in incompletely covered micro-nano particle distribution on the top transparent electrode; the first covering sub-layer is contacted with the top electrode and the particle scattering layer; and the refractive index of the first covering sub-layer is higher than that of the second covering sub-layer. The mixed covering layer in the device has an effect of improving the light extraction efficiency.