The present invention discloses a calcium carbonate whisker reinforced resin-rubber base friction material, and a preparation method therefor. The material comprises: 10-15 parts of liquid nitrile rubber-modified phenolic, 5-10 parts of styrene-butadiene rubber, 0-25 parts of calcium carbonate whisker, 10-20 parts of steel fiber, 0-8 parts of sepiolite fiber, 0-8 parts of mineral fiber, 0-3 parts of aramid fiber, 5-8 parts of barium sulfate, 5-10 parts of magnesium oxide, 2-3 parts of aluminum oxide, 5-10 parts of flake graphite, 1-5 parts of carbon black, 5-10 parts of petroleum coke, and 3-7 parts of friction powder. The preparation method of the calcium carbonate whisker reinforced resin-rubber base friction material comprises steps of such as material collocation, ban burying, crushing, pressing molding, immobilization processing, cooling, and packaging. Brake pads prepared by the invention, tested by an MM1000-III type friction and wear testing machine, have excellent friction and wear performance and stable braking performance, is safe and environmentally-friendly, and also has the advantages such as good stability of friction coefficient, low wear rate and high heat-resistant property.