436 results about "Catalyst poisoning" patented technology

To present an electrolyte material having a high softening temperature, which is useful for obtaining a polymer electrolyte fuel cell which can be operated at a high temperature and whereby a high output power can be obtained with little catalyst poisoning. An electrolyte material for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, which is made of a polymer containing repeating units based on a fluoromonomer having a radical polymerization reactivity, wherein the repeating units contain a 5-membered ring (which may contain 1 or 2 oxygen atoms), of which at least one carbon atom is contained in the main chain of the polymer, and an ionic group such as a sulfonic acid group which is bonded to the 5-membered ring directly or via a perfluoroalkylene group having a linear or branched structure; and the polymer has a softening temperature of at least 120° C.

The invention discloses energy-efficient long-life gasoline engine oil prepared from the following components: synthetic base oil, a composite antioxygen, a metal cleaning agent, an ashless dispersant, a nano-level friction improver, a viscosity improver and a pour point reducer. The gasoline engine oil provided by the invention has the following advantages: requirements of API SM, ILSAC GF-4 and SAEJ300 are met and the service life is long; the complete synthetic base oil features low pour point, high viscosity index, good economy of fuel, degradability and reduced harm to the ecological environment; the phenol type antioxygen is combined with ZDDP, the anti-oxygen and antifriction properties are good and the catalyst poisoning in a tail gas processing unit is prevented; the acid neutralization capacity is good, the cleaning dispersibility is good and the oil sludge and carbon deposit are prevented from being generated; and the nano-level friction improver is added, the frictional factor is low, and the oil film features high carrying capacity and can automatically repair abraded surface and lengthen the service life of the engine.

This invention discloses a process for converting CO in pulverized coal gasification. The process comprises: introducing crude synthesis gas from pulverized coal gasification into a gas-liquid separator, mixing the gas from separator top with outside middle-pressure overheated steam, middle-pressure steam and a small amount of condensate from steam stripping, introducing into a pre-conversion furnace, controlling the temperature increase, introducing the converted gas into 1# conversion furnace, performing in-depth CO conversion, introducing high-temperature shift gas into a middle-pressure waste boiler to generate4.0 MPa steam with the condensate produced in the process, introducing all middle-pressure steam into fresh converted gas for recycling, quenching with the condensate for humidification, converting in 2# conversion furnace, cooling he converted gas by a water preheater, introducing into 3# conversion furnace, recovering waste heat until the output gas is less than or equal to 40 deg.C, and introducing into the following procedures. The CO concentration is decreased from 60-65 mol. % to less than or equal to 0.4 mol. %. The pre-conversion furnace can prevent catalyst poisoning. The pressure decrease of the conversion system is reduced, thus can ensure the pressure at the inlet of the synthesis gas compressor.

The present invention relates to a reaction apparatus for preparing a low carbon polyol by catalysis and conversion of a carbohydrate, and a reaction process thereof. The reaction process adopts a high pressure reactor, wherein a catalyst filtering gondola is positioned inside the high pressure reactor, the position of the gondola is higher than the liquid level of the reactant inside the reactor, and the reaction is carried out under a high temperature hydrothermal condition. During the reaction, reactant slurry of the carbohydrate (comprising one or more than two materials selected from cellulose, hemicellulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, soluble xylooligosaccharide and starch) flows from the bottom of the reactor, is driven to flow back to the reactor by a high pressure liquid pump, then is injected into the gondola to perform a catalytic reaction with the catalyst inside the gondola, and flows and accumulates on the bottom of the reactor, and the reaction is circulated. With the process, catalyst poisoning and deactivation can be effectively reduced, such that the reaction selectivity and the catalyst life can be improved.

Disclosed are a movable cleaning and regenerating device and a cleaning and regenerating method for SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitration catalysts. The device comprises a soot blowing system, a cleaning and regenerating system and a drying and calcining system. The complete offline cleaning and regenerating system for the SCR catalysts is highly integrated to be mobile, can be transported to a user via railway or road traffic to clean the SCR catalysts according to the degree of catalyst poisoning, and the catalysts are regenerated by adding catalytic ingredients while sediments, pore blockage, alkali metal and other soluble toxic substances on surfaces of the catalysts are removed. The device and the method have the advantages that activity of the catalysts is improved, the service lives of the catalysts are prolonged, a full cleaning and regenerating process can be completed without long-distance transportation, the catalysts can be regenerated to the greatest extent, cleaning cycle of the catalysts is shortened, and cost is saved for the user of the SCR denitration catalysts.

The invention discloses an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) method for removal of NOx by utilizing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the catalyst. The MOFs are used as the catalyst, and NH3 is utilized for removal of NOx with the SCR method, and catalytic denitration application with sulfur resistance is implemented with the flue gas conditional ranges of 400-1,000 ppm of NOx, 400-1,000 ppm of NH3, 3-5 percent of O2, 100-500 ppm of SO2, 10,000 h<-1>-40,000 h<-1> of air speed and 250-350 DEG C of temperature, and the denitration activity of the catalyst can reach more than 80%. Based on that the MOFs have the characteristics of large specific surface area, orderly dispersed metal active sites and three-dimensional transparent pore structure, catalyst poisoning and inactivation caused by deposition of sulfate in the reaction process can be effectively delayed, so that catalytic reduction of NOx can be efficiently and continuously realized.

The invention relates to a method for preparing Au/g-C3N4 composite-type micro-nano material. The method is realized by steps of adding g-C3N4 powder in 400-900nano in granularity to chloroauric acid solution, ultrasonically dispersing the g-C3N4 powder so as to prepare turbid liquid; heating the turbid liquid in water bath; then, adding sodium citrate to solution, stirring, washing, separating and drying a mixture so as to obtain Au/g-C3N4 composite-type micro-nano material; the Au/g-C3N4 composite-type micro-nano material has excellent photochemical catalysis effect to formic acid oxidation; and oxidation potential is negatively shifted by 800mV (close to the catalytic oxidation potential of Pt) without ctalyst poisoning phenomenon. According to the advantages of the invention, acquired composite material particles are even and not united; a preparation method is simple; and cost is relatively low.

A catalyst deterioration detecting system of an internal combustion engine includes a measuring unit that measures the oxygen storage capacity of a catalyst, a detector that detects or estimates the temperature of the catalyst, and a detector that detects poisoning of the catalyst based on the relationship between a change in the catalyst temperature and a change in the oxygen storage capacity corresponding to the change in the catalyst temperature. The change in the oxygen storage capacity corresponding to the change in the catalyst temperature varies depending on the presence or absence of poisoning of the catalyst. Thus, the catalyst deterioration detecting system is able to favorably detect poisoning of the catalyst by utilizing this relationship, and distinguish temporary deterioration due to catalyst poisoning from permanent deterioration. A method of detecting deterioration of the catalyst is also provided.

The invention relates to graphene-loaded double-metal nano particles for methanol and ethanol fuel cells, and a preparation method for the graphene-loaded double-metal nano particles. The method comprises the following steps of: sequentially adding graphene oxide, polymeric dispersant, and anionic surfactant into a water-ethanol mixed solution, stirring, adding double-metal nano particles, and adding sodium borohydride to obtain black precipitate double-metal nano particle graphene; and performing centrifugal separation on precipitate by using a centrifugal machine, repeatedly washing by using secondary deionized water and ethanol to remove unreacted reactant, and then performing vacuum drying. According to the method, gold and silver which is low in price, and non-noble metal such as cobalt and nickel which is lower in price is used instead of noble metal such as platinum and ruthenium which is high in price, so cost is reduced. Methanol is catalyzed and ethanol is oxidized under thealkaline condition, so the condition that intermediate carbon monoxide poisons a catalyst under the acid condition so that the activity of the catalyst is reduced can be effectively overcome. The graphene-loaded double-metal nano particles can be directly used for methanol and ethanol fuel cells, formic acid fuel cells, and organic catalytic reaction.

The invention provides an acid pickling regenerating liquid for a denitration catalyst and a regenerating method. The acid pickling regenerating liquid comprises 0.1-1.0% of a surfactant and the balance being an acid solution, wherein the surfactant comprises one or more of JFC type fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, JFC-1 type fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, and JFC-2 type fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether. Compared with the prior art, the acid pickling regenerating liquid has good effect of regenerating the toxic denitration catalyst in metallic elements, and the regenerated denitration catalyst has high denitration efficiency. Experiment results prove that in the regenerated denitration catalyst, the content of the metallic elements causing the denitration catalyst to be toxic is effectively controlled, and the denitration efficiency of the denitration catalyst is above 90%.

The invention discloses a polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite catalyst and application of the polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite catalyst to preparation of environment-friendly toxic-free glyceryl triacetate, which belong to the technical field of catalyst preparation. Polyacid is intercalated into hydrotalcite through an ion exchanging method and firstly used for producing the glyceryl triacetate. The prepared polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite catalyst has a supermolecular lamella structure and a nano-grade size; the glyceryl triacetate is prepared through the catalysis of the polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite catalyst. Compared with concentrate sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, the polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite catalyst has the advantages that the high-efficient catalytic activity and catalytic selectivity can be maintained under the situation that the reaction temperature is lowered; the corrosion on equipment is small, and no waste liquid with high acidity is produced; easiness in recycling can be realized, the stability is good, and after the catalyst is continuously used for 3 months, the poisoning phenomenon of the catalyst does not occur and the activity of the catalyst is not obviously reduced.

This invention relates to a sulfur tolerant, dynamic, compact, lightweight fuel process and system that is capable of converting sulfur bearing carbonaceous fuels to hydrogen rich gases suitable for fuel cells or chemical processing applications. The process and system is based on the AHR and WGS reactions, followed by cleanup of byproduct sulfur-containing gases and carbon oxides that would otherwise poison the fuel cell electrocatalyst. Advantageously, this is accomplished via an ASMS and a methanator or an AWMR. The process and system preferably uses a special sulfur tolerant catalysts and hardware designs that enable the conversion in an energy efficient manner while maintaining desirable performance characteristics such as rapid start-stop and fast response to load change capabilities.

The invention discloses a catalyst for ethyne hydrochlorination for synthesis of chloroethylene and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst of the invention is prepared by impregnation of an active carbon carrier, metallic compound active components and a hydroxyl-containing water-soluble carboxylic acid competitive adsorbent. The active components contain at least one component selected from chloride, nitrate, sulfate or phosphate of cobalt, copper, manganese, zinc, bismuth, barium and potassium. The competitive adsorbent contains citric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid and lactic acid. The prepared catalyst has characteristics of high activity, good selectivity, simple production method and low cost. By adding the hydroxyl-containing water-soluble carboxylic acid competitive adsorbent, the active components are greatly fixed to the carrier, and high temperature transfer of the active components is reduced; by roasting decomposition of the competitive adsorbent, rich pore structures are generated, and gas dispersion in the reaction process is improved; and dispersity of the active components is improved, catalyst poisoning is alleviated, and life of the catalyst is prolonged.

A catalyst for cleaning the tail gas of car by decreasing the sulfide is composed of the carrier (67-95 Wt%) consisting of alumina and the oxide of the metal chosen from La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Zr, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, and the active component consisting of the oxide of the metal chosen from Co, Mo, Ni, W, Zr, Ti, La, Ce, Pr and Nd and the oxide of noble metal chosen from Pt, Pd and Rh. Its preparing process is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a reactivation method of a biotin-intermediate hydrogenation palladium-carbon catalyst. The current biotin-intermediate hydrogenation palladium-carbon catalysts have the defects of deep poisoning and difficult treatment of poisoning impurities. The reactivation method comprises the following steps: firstly, washing an inactivated palladium-carbon catalyst with an alcohol, ketone or ester solvent, filtering, washing with pure water, performing oxidation treatment on the palladium-carbon catalyst with hydrogen peroxide, washing the palladium-carbon catalyst with alkaline water after oxidation treatment, then washing with pure water to neutral, filtering, adding a reducer for performing reduction after filtering, washing the palladium-carbon catalyst with pure water to neutral, filtering and drying to obtain the reactivated palladium-carbon catalyst. The reactivation method effectively activates deeply poisoned palladium-carbon catalysts, has high activation efficiency, restores the activity of the poisoned catalysts like a raw catalyst, can effectively solve the problem of catalyst poisoning when applied in production, realizes continuous application and reduces the production cost.

The invention belongs to the technical field of a tackifying crosslinking agent, and particularly relates to an organic silicon hydrogen-containing tackifying crosslinking agent for addition type silicon rubber and a preparation method thereof. The tackifying crosslinking agent is prepared by performing addition reaction on high-hydrogen-content silicon oil or D4H and vinyl cyclohexene oxide or allyl glycidyl ether and then adding inhibitors. The process is simple; the reaction conditions are mild; the therepeatability and the controllability are good; the impurities in the reaction process are few; organic solvents are not used; the environment is protected; no pollution is caused. The obtained tackifying crosslinking agent has the stable performance; the tackifying and crosslinking effects can be achieved at the same time. The compatibility with silicon rubber is good; no catalyst poisoning phenomenon exists; the bonding performance of the addition type silicon rubber with metal suchas copper foil can be obviously improved; in addition, the refractive index of the organic silicon hydrogen-containing tackifying crosslinking agent is adjustable and controllable in a range of 1.40to 1.55, so that the tackifying crosslinking agent is applicable to the silicon rubber with (high and low) different refractive indexes.