576 results about "Alkaline water" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial process control, and discloses an intelligent optimization control method of an alkaline water hydrogen production system, which comprises the following steps: a controller synchronously acquires real-time voltage, current and temperature data of an electrolytic bath; theoretical reversible voltage is calculated according to a Nernst equation, ohm voltage drop is eliminated, and a bubble additional impedance value representing the bubble coverage degree is analyzed; performing differential processing on the change rate of the bubble additional impedance value to generate a flow feed-forward control instruction, combining a feedback control instruction based on temperature deviation to synthesize a target rotating speed instruction, and driving an alkali liquor circulating pump to adjust the flow speed; according to the method, the bubble impedance observation model is constructed, so that zero-delay sensing and decoupling control over the state of bubbles in the electrolytic cell are achieved, hysteresis of single temperature feedback is eliminated, and the problems of actuator saturation and model aging drifting are solved.

The present invention provides an organic phosphonic acid betaine and a preparation method thereof, specifically an ammonium phosphonic acid betaine containing a glycidyl group. The organic phosphonic acid betaine can be used as a functional monomer for free radical grafting modification of the surface of a polymer material such as polyolefin, or can be mixed with acrylate, acrylonitrile or other olefin monomers for copolymerization to prepare an amphoteric ionomer. The organic phosphonic acid betaine can also be used for ring-opening grafting modification of polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, polyurethane, and polyamide containing amino or hydroxyl groups in their structures. At the same time, the phosphonic acid betaine imparts functional effects such as zwitterionization, hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties, and antifouling properties to the obtained polymer material. The organic phosphonic acid betaine also has high chemical stability in acidic and alkaline water environments.

The invention relates to the technical field of green hydrogen production, in particular to a green hydrogen production system coupling biomass electrooxidation and water reduction, which comprises a pretreatment unit, a photovoltaic power generation unit and an electrolytic bath, the pretreatment unit is used for dissolving a polyhydroxy compound in an alkaline aqueous solution to form an alkaline electrolyte containing the polyhydroxy compound; the photovoltaic power generation unit is used for providing electric energy for the electrolysis process in the electrolytic cell, the electrolytic cell comprises a shell, an ion exchange membrane, an anode plate and a cathode plate, the ion exchange membrane divides the shell into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, the anode plate is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the photovoltaic power generation unit, and the cathode plate is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the photovoltaic power generation unit. The shell is provided with a seawater inlet and a hydrogen outlet which are communicated with the cathode chamber, and the shell is provided with a compound inlet and a chemical outlet which are communicated with the anode chamber. According to the scheme, chemicals are obtained from the anodes, the safety is high, the cell voltage needed for driving the whole electrolysis process is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption of the whole electrolysis hydrogen production process is small.

Described herein are methods for making alkenyl disiloxanes, comprising combining an alkenyl halosilane with an alkyl halosilane and adding the mixture to water, an acidic aqueous solution, or a basic aqueous solution. The ratio of the alkenyl halosilane to the alkyl halosilane is about 10:1 to about 1:10. The alkenyl halosilane and the alkyl halosilane are mixed at about 20° C. to about 45° C. The reaction product is separated and washed with saturated alkali carbonate solution.

The invention discloses an alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production operation boundary evaluation method considering hydrogen content constraint in oxygen, and relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing a generation mechanism of gas crossing in an alkaline water electrolytic cell, according to steady-state and dynamic models of HTO gas crossing caused by diaphragm permeation and alkaline liquor mixed circulation in the electrolytic cell, and based on structural parameters represented by the volume of a gas-liquid separator and operating parameters such as working pressure, temperature, electrolyte circulation flow and the like of the electrolytic cell; the method comprises the following steps: analyzing the influence of different parameters on HTO impurity accumulation, quantifying the sensitivity coefficient of each parameter on HTO accumulation, predicting an HTO accumulation trajectory through a model, determining the safe operation range of different parameters, determining the safe operation boundary of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production, and constructing a parameter priority regulation and control method based on sensitivity ranking under a given operation condition. And pressure-flow-temperature parameters are determined for cooperative adjustment under the dynamic working condition, and the HTO concentration overrun risk is inhibited in real time.

The invention relates to the technical field of concrete 3D printing, in particular to modified alkali-resistant regenerated glass fiber reinforced concrete and a preparation process thereof, and the modified alkali-resistant regenerated glass fiber reinforced concrete is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 600-650 parts of cement, 90-100 parts of fly ash, 30-35 parts of silica fume, 500-600 parts of river sand, 0.5-6 parts of modified alkali-resistant regenerated glass fibers, 10-15 parts of a water reducing agent and 120-200 parts of water. According to the invention, the regenerated glass fiber obtained by recovering the waste fan blades is used as a reinforcing material of the concrete, so that the resource consumption can be effectively reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced; the invention provides a surface modification method aiming at regenerated glass fibers, so that the long-term durability of the regenerated glass fibers in an alkaline cement matrix is enhanced, the generation of microcracks on a fiber and cement interface is reduced, and the constructability and excellent mechanical properties of the 3D printing concrete are improved. The method not only meets the requirements of digital and intelligent transformation and upgrading of the building industry, but also provides a new method for recycling of waste resources and sustainable development of the building industry, and has relatively high economic and environmental benefits.

A chemically amplified negative resist composition containing (A) a base polymer containing a polymer which contains a repeat unit having formula (A1) and a repeat unit having formula (A2), the polymer being adapted to decrease its solubility in an aqueous alkaline solution under an action of an acid.

To provide a chemically amplified positive resist composition that can give a resist film which has extremely high isolated space resolution, small LER, excellent rectangularity, and on which formation of a resist pattern with suppressed etching resistance or pattern collapse is possible, and a resist pattern forming method using the chemically amplified positive resist composition.SOLUTION: A chemically amplified positive resist composition contains: (A) a base polymer which includes a repeating unit derived from hydroxystyrene or hydroxynaphthalene and a repeating unit derived from hydroxystyrene in which a hydroxy group is protected by acid-labile group or hydroxynaphthalene in which a hydroxy group is protected by acid-labile group, and in which dissolubility to alkali aqueous solution increases by acid action, and a dispersion degree is 1.0 to 1.19; (B) photo-acid generator expressed by the following formula (B); and (C) organic solvent.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention discloses a catalytic system for preparing amine compounds through nitro reduction and application of the catalytic system. The catalytic system comprises an alkaline aqueous solution, a reducing agent and a catalyst, the alkaline aqueous solution is an alkali metal hydroxide aqueous solution; the reducing agent is alkali metal hydroboron and / or alkaline earth metal hydroboron; the catalyst is copper salt lewis acid and / or other lewis acid; the other Lewis acid is selected from one or a combination of more of cobalt salt, ferric salt, zinc salt, manganese salt and palladium salt. When the catalytic system is used for reducing the aromatic nitro-compound, the using amount of a reducing agent is small, meanwhile, the using amount of an organic solvent is reduced, the reaction yield is high, the reaction is milder, and amplified production of the process is facilitated.

To provide a water electrolysis system and a method for operating a water electrolysis system that can further reduce electrolysis voltage.SOLUTION: The water electrolysis system is a water electrolysis system using an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution, and comprises a cell stack to which the electrolytic solution is supplied, a storage section in which the electrolytic solution is stored, an annular flow path connecting the storage section and the cell stack, a pump section provided on the annular flow path, a scale removal section provided on the annular flow path and capable of removing scale contained in the electrolytic solution, and a scale component removal section capable of removing scale components dissolved in the electrolytic solution at or below saturation concentration.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention belongs to the technical field of fish breeding, and discloses a method for creating alkali-resistant grass carp new germplasm based on a ca12 gene editing technology and application. Carbonic anhydrase ca12 is used as a target gene, a CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing technology is used for carrying out gene editing on wild grass carp, the genotype of the grass carp is identified through sequencing, ca12 gene knockout F0-generation chimera and the corresponding wild type thereof are selected to carry out carbonate alkalinity stress experiments, and based on experimental results, it is known that the ca12 knockout chimera of the grass carp has high alkali resistance, and can be used for preparing the grass carp. The invention provides a novel breeding method and germplasm material for culturing fishes suitable for alkaline water culture, and has important industrial application value.

The invention provides acinetobacter for culturing prawns in saline-alkali water and application of the acinetobacter. The preservation number of the provided acinetobacter is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.36066. The acinetobacter soilis strain provided by the invention has remarkable comprehensive application advantages, can still keep higher growth activity and metabolic capability in a low-temperature environment, and continuously plays a water body purification function. Ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in a water body can be efficiently degraded, the environment of the aquatic water body is remarkably improved by promoting the nitrogen circulation process, and harm caused by nitrogen pollution is reduced. In addition, the strain can effectively inhibit and prevent reproduction of pathogenic vibrios and reduce the occurrence risk of bacterial diseases of aquatic animals. The strain is high in safety, does not cause poison or stress reaction to bred animals even under the condition of high-concentration use, and has good ecological safety and environmental friendliness.

The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a carbon-zeolite composite material and co-producing a flocculating agent from coal gasification slag, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization. An acid leaching-alkaline hydrothermal-polymerization process is adopted, and the flocculating agent is prepared by controlling the acid leaching temperature and the acid leaching concentration; acid leaching residues with different silica-alumina ratios and acid leaching solutions with different aluminum-iron concentrations are prepared; preparing the acid leaching residues with different silica-alumina ratios into a carbon-zeolite composite material containing zeolite with different silica-alumina ratios and an alkaline leaching solution under an alkaline hydrothermal condition; the acid leaching solution and the alkali leaching solution are mixed according to a specific proportion, and the polyaluminum ferric chloride flocculant is prepared through the steps of polymerization, curing, drying and the like. According to the process, the coal gasification slag is utilized to prepare the carbon-zeolite composite material with different hierarchical pore structures and the high-performance polyaluminum ferric chloride flocculant, the product performance is excellent, no secondary waste is discharged in the production process, and an innovative technical path is provided for resource high-value utilization of the coal gasification slag.

The present invention relates to a method for electroless copper depositing onto a surface of a non-conductive or carbon-fibres containing substrate, the method comprising the steps: (I) activating the surface of a non-conductive or carbon-fibres containing substrate for electroless copper depositing, the activation method using an aqueous, palladium-free activation composition comprising (i) a first species of dissolved transition metal ions which are copper ions and additionally metal particles thereof which are copper particles, (ii) one or more than one complexing agent, and (iii) permanently or temporarily one or more than one reducing agent, and (II) an enhancer treatment of the activated surface of a non-conductive or carbon-fibres containing substrate, the enhancer treatment method using an alkaline aqueous enhancer composition comprising water and a formaldehyde compound; and (III) an electroless copper depositing of the enhanced surface of a non-conductive or carbon-fibres containing substrate, the electroless copper depositing method using an electroless copper metallizing solution and substrates, and method for subsequent metallization.

The present application belongs to the technical field of phosphoric acid purification, and particularly relates to a heavy metal cadmium removal agent and a removal method for phosphoric acid. The removal agent comprises a solvent and a thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent A and a thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent B dispersed in the solvent; the thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent A and the thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent B are different types of thiophosphoric acid type capturing agents, the thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent A and the thiophosphoric acid type capturing agent B are independently selected from one of a hydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenolic dithiophosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and an amine dithiophosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and at least one hydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid or a salt thereof is selected; the salt is a sodium salt or an ammonium salt; and the solvent is water or an alkaline aqueous solution. The present application uses a combination of dithiophosphoric acid type capturing agents as a cadmium removal agent for wet-process phosphoric acid, and generates a precipitate that is difficult to dissolve in a strong acidic aqueous phase after reaction, so that the cadmium in the phosphoric acid is removed after filtration. Compared with the conventional sulfide precipitation method, the present application has less cadmium residue and less pollution in the phosphoric acid.

A method for making an iron-based oxide magnetic powder includes adding raw material solution containing trivalent iron ions, or trivalent iron ions and ions of a metal element that partially substitutes Fe sites, and an alkaline aqueous solution for neutralizing the raw material solution to a reaction system to adjust the pH of the reaction system to 1.0 or higher and 3.0 or lower. Hydroxycarboxylic acid is added to the obtained reaction solution and thereafter the pH of the reaction system is neutralized to 7.0 or higher and 10.0 or lower. The obtained precipitate of a substituent metal element-containing iron oxyhydroxide is coated with silicon oxide and then heated, whereby an iron-based oxide magnetic powder is obtained with a reduced content of fine and coarse particles, a particle shape close to a perfect sphere, and particles of ε-iron oxide in which Fe sites are partially substituted by other metal elements.

The invention discloses a preparation method of 3-quinuclidinone hydrochloride, which comprises the following steps: carrying out temperature control reaction on 4-picolinic acid and chloroacetic acid under alkaline water conditions to obtain an aqueous solution of a compound a, and directly entering the next reaction without post-treatment after the reaction is finished; adding a reducing agent alkaline water system into the aqueous solution of the compound a, controlling the temperature to react, controlling the temperature to adjust the pH value to 5-5.5 after the reaction is finished, extracting with n-butyl alcohol, and drying to obtain an n-butyl alcohol solution of a compound b, and directly entering the next reaction step; wherein the reducing agent is one of sodium borohydride and potassium borohydride; dropwise adding thionyl chloride into an n-butyl alcohol solution of the compound b, controlling the temperature to react after dropwise adding is ended, and concentrating to remove the solvent and unreacted thionyl chloride after the reaction is ended, so as to obtain a compound c; carrying out Dieckmann condensation reaction on the compound c at controlled temperature under the condition of organic alkali by using toluene as a solvent, carrying out hydrochloric acid quenching reaction after the reaction is finished, and directly carrying out next-step reaction after extracting and removing impurities from a water phase containing a hydrochloride solution of a compound d by using toluene; and carrying out a decarboxylation reaction on the compound d in a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at controlled temperature, after the reaction is finished, adjusting the pH value to 10-13, extracting, and salifying to obtain a target compound TM, namely 3-quinuclidinone hydrochloride. The preparation method of 3-quinuclidinone hydrochloride provided by the invention has the advantages of economical and easily available raw materials, mild reaction conditions, efficient reaction, simple operation and low cost, and is suitable for industrial application.

The present invention relates to a dry fermentation comprising, per kilogram of dry matter: 4.7 mol to 8.1 mol of a propionate salt; 1.2 mol to 3.0 mol of a calcium cation; 2.4 mol to 7.8 mol of an alkali metal cation selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and combinations thereof; and. 1 g to 50 g of a glucose equivalent weight of hydrolyzed glucan; the calcium cation and the propionate are present in a molar ratio of 0.2 to 0.6 in the dry fermentation. The dried propionate leavening according to the present invention combines a very high propionate content with a light taste. The present invention also provides a method of preparing a dry ferment of the present invention, said method comprising an incubation step in which the pH is maintained in the range of 5.0 to 7.5 by adding an alkalizing agent comprising an alkaline water-soluble alkali metal salt and an alkaline water-soluble calcium salt.

The utility model discloses a diesel generator flue gas purification mechanism for civil air defence engineering, including air inlet pipe and purification bin, the air inlet pipe one end is linked with diesel generator exhaust pipe in civil air defence engineering power generation room intercommunication, the other end of air inlet pipe is inserted into the purification bin and the opening direction is perpendicular to downward, the open end position of air inlet pipe in the purification bin is connected with the shunt joint, each interface of shunt joint all is connected with the jet pipe that the air hole of pipe body lateral wall is evenly set up, the utility model relates to civil air defence engineering technical field, utilize liquid supply booster pump and press into the spray subassembly in alkaline solution (15% magnesium hydroxide compound agent), and further via spray subassembly to the spray of filler layer, make the nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter etc. in tail gas contact with the alkaline water mist in purification bin and filler layer, to the purification treatment of nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter.

The utility model relates to the technical field of water treatment equipment, in particular to a filter element assembly and a mineral spring water purifier, the filter element assembly comprises a first alkaline filter material and a second alkaline filter material, the filter element assembly is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is provided with a first water inlet and a first water outlet, and the second cavity is provided with a second water inlet and a second water outlet; the first alkaline filter material is arranged in the first cavity, the second alkaline filter material is arranged in the second cavity, the filter element assembly is provided with a first alkaline water path capable of flowing through the first alkaline filter material and a second alkaline water path capable of flowing through the second alkaline filter material, and the first alkaline water path and the second alkaline water path are arranged in parallel. Wherein the alkalinity of the first alkaline filter material is greater than that of the second alkaline filter material. Compared with the prior art, the first alkaline water path and the second alkaline water path are matched with each other, so that the pH value of alkaline water flowing out of the filter element assembly can be effectively controlled.

To provide a carbon dioxide separation and recovery apparatus capable of reducing overall energy consumption while maintaining the recovery amount of carbon dioxide.SOLUTION: In an absorption unit 20, carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-containing gas G is absorbed into an absorption liquid A containing an alkaline aqueous solution. In a desorption unit 30, the absorption liquid A', after absorbing the carbon dioxide, is heated to desorb the carbon dioxide from the absorption liquid A'. A circulation unit 40 circulates the absorption liquid A and absorption liquid A' between the absorption unit 20 and the desorption unit 30. In a fixation unit 50 connected to the absorption unit 20, the carbon dioxide-containing gas G' that has passed through the absorption unit 20 is brought into contact with a fixation material 54 to fix the carbon dioxide contained in the carbon dioxide-containing gas G'.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The application discloses a flue gas heat energy and condensate water utilization system, which comprises a boiler, a flue gas cooling device, and a deoxygenated water tank. The flue gas generated by the boiler combustion enters the flue gas cooling device through a first flue for cooling. The flue gas exchanges heat with the water in the condensate water tank, the water in the condensate water tank is heated, the flue gas is cooled, and the cooled flue gas is discharged through a second flue. The condensate water formed in the flue gas cooling process falls into the condensate water tank. The water in the condensate water tank is deoxygenated by the deoxygenated water tank and then flows back to the boiler. The flue gas heat energy generated by the boiler combustion is utilized, the slightly acidic condensate water generated by the flue gas is mixed with the slightly alkaline softened water and the boiler water, the acidic condensate water and the alkaline softened water and the boiler water are subjected to acid-base neutralization reaction, the flue gas is used to heat the condensate water, and the like, so that the flue gas condensate water does not contain acidic gas, and thus the flue gas condensate water is slightly alkaline water suitable for the utilization of the boiler.

The invention provides a preparation method of clindamycin hydrochloride alcoholate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a chlorination reagent from an oily solvent, DMF (Dimethyl Formamide), a chlorination solvent and an antioxidant; carrying out temperature-controlled chlorination reaction with lincomycin hydrochloride to obtain a chlorination reaction solution; adjusting the pH value of the reaction solution to 10-11, controlling the temperature to react, taking an oil phase after the reaction is finished, concentrating under reduced pressure, diluting with water, and adjusting the pH value to 3-5 to obtain a column loading solution; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving clindamycin hydrochloride in water, adsorbing by using resin, eluting impurities by using dilute alkaline water, analyzing by using ethanol and deionized water in sequence, collecting an analysis solution, concentrating under reduced pressure, adding ethanol, heating for dissolving, adjusting the pH value to 1-1.5, cooling for crystallizing, and drying to obtain the clindamycin hydrochloride alcoholate. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the clindamycin alcoholate with high yield and high purity is prepared by pertinently designing processes such as reaction conditions, a specific oily reagent, temperature control conditions, column adsorption, dilute alkaline water impurity elution, ethanol desorption and the like, only one-time crystallization is needed, repeated refining is not needed, the HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) purity is up to 99.5% or above, and the clindamycin alcoholate is suitable for industrial production. And 0.14% or less of 2, 7-epiclindamycin.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of an alkaline zinc-based flow battery electrolyte, and comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving a hydroxide solid in deionized water to obtain an alkaline aqueous solution; secondly, dissolving a zinc oxide solid in the alkaline aqueous solution obtained in the step (I) to obtain an alkaline aqueous solution containing a zincate; and finally, dissolving a sugar alcohol and a chloromethane in the alkaline aqueous solution containing the zincate obtained in the step (II) to obtain an alkaline electrolyte. By introducing different concentrations of the sugar alcohol and the chloromethane into the alkaline electrolyte containing the zincate, the double electric layer and the solvation structure of the zinc negative electrode are regulated, the self-corrosion and the hydrogen evolution side reaction problems of the zinc negative electrode under the strong alkaline (pH>14) condition are effectively inhibited, the alkaline electrolyte has good zinc compatibility, high stability and relatively fast reaction kinetics, and has great potential in the development and application of the alkaline zinc-based flow battery.

To enhance adhesive performance to rubber without using a catalyst metal such as cobalt.SOLUTION: An alkaline aqueous solution is brought into contact with the 1A of the steel cord plated with brass (step 12), a silane-coupling agent aqueous solution is brought into contact with the 1A of the steel cord contacted with the alkaline aqueous solution (step 13), and the 1A of the steel cord contacted with the silane-coupling agent aqueous solution is heated (step 14). The contact step with the silane coupling agent aqueous solution (step 13) and the heating step (step 14) are repeated a plurality of times.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a membrane electrode assembly and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new energy materials. According to the present invention, by using the super acid catalysis polymerization reaction, the piperidone and the different aromatic monomer compounds are synthesized into the aromatic polymer with the main chain not containing the ether bond and other unstable groups, such that the aromatic polymer can be simultaneously adopted as the diaphragm and the ionomer material; the membrane electrode can be applied to a methanol electrocatalytic oxidation coupling hydrogen production electrolytic tank and an alkaline water electrolytic tank. Through uniform compounding of the ionomer and the catalyst, non-uniform covering of the ionomer on the surfaces of catalyst particles is inhibited, the utilization rate of the catalyst is increased, and the catalyst layer and the diaphragm have good compatibility. The membrane electrode prepared by the method is stable in structure and low in cost, and has a good industrial application prospect.

The utility model relates to the technical field of alkaline water hydrogen production electrolytic cell, specifically to a kind of alkaline water hydrogen production electrolytic cell with cooling device, including the end pole plate of alkaline water hydrogen production electrolytic cell, cooling cavity being arranged in the inside of end pole plate, the cooling cavity in the inside of end pole plate is connected with circulating cooling system;Further improved scheme also includes in the inside cooling cavity being connected with circulating cooling system in intermediate pole plate is set to the scheme of the utility model can reduce the temperature of end pole plate and intermediate pole plate place sealing washer, to improve the compression strength of this sealing washer, solve end pole plate and intermediate pole plate place sealing washer more easily failure, damage problem, improve the working reliability of alkaline water hydrogen production electrolytic cell, and effectively prolong the service life of alkaline water hydrogen production electrolytic cell.

The application belongs to the technical field of zinc ion batteries, and specifically discloses a zinc negative electrode and application of the zinc negative electrode in a zinc ion battery, wherein the zinc negative electrode comprises zinc material, the surface of the zinc material is coated with a protective layer, the protective layer is composed of a heterojunction material, a binder and an organic solvent, the mass ratio of the heterojunction material, the organic solvent and the binder is 7:2:1, the heterojunction material is a Cu2O / CuO heterojunction, the preparation method of the Cu2O / CuO heterojunction is as follows: taking alkaline copper chloride as a precursor and glucose as a reducing agent, the Cu2O / CuO heterojunction is generated in an alkaline hydrothermal system through one-step reaction, and then the Cu2O / CuO heterojunction is purified through hot water washing, the heterojunction material contains oxygen vacancies at the Cu2O / CuO interface, and the heterojunction interface forms a built-in electric field and a band bending. 2+ The Cu2O / CuO heterojunction protective layer of the application is driven by a built-in electric field, is functionalized by oxygen vacancies, and is self-aligned by a band, and the above-mentioned three mechanisms are synergized, so that the Zn 2+ full-path fast transportation, which is significantly better than existing single-phase or physical mixed protective layers.

Provided is a novel method for producing an adsorbent comprising an iron compound and having a large adsorption capacity. An adsorbent having a specific surface area of 200 m2 / g or more, a primary particle size of 10 nm or less, an iron content of 450 g / kg or more, and a moisture content of 100 g / kg to 300 g / kg can be obtained by the method for producing an adsorbent, the method including: a first step for adding a polyferric sulfate aqueous solution to an alkali aqueous solution to form a slurry; a second step for adjusting the pH of the slurry to 5.0 to 9.0; and a third step for subjecting the slurry to solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained cake, and adjusting the moisture content of the washed cake.

A cleaning agent according to the present disclosure is sprayed onto a cleaning target. The cleaning agent contains an alkaline aqueous solution of baking soda and glass particles. In cleaning with the cleaning agent, the physical cleaning power of solid cleaning components, containing the glass particles, and the chemical cleaning power through the alkaline aqueous solution of baking soda work simultaneously.