Water dispensing station

Abstract

To provide a dispenser that dispenses abundant kinds of water such as water having different chemical characteristics such as alkali water or water having different carbonation levels at different temperatures.SOLUTION: A beverage station includes a spigot that fluid communicates with an ambient temperature water passage and where chilled water and alkali water are mixed to provide chilled alkali water. A hot water heating element is located below the spigot so that hot water flows upward for dispensing from the spigot, and a vent passage between the heating element and the spigot helps the hot water to flow from the spigot to the heating element. A refrigeration system and a carbonation system are also provided. The refrigeration system uses the ice-bank technology. An underwater agitator pump improves heat exchanged between an ice-bank and water by forced convection. The agitator pump operates based on a temperature of beverage water. A figure eight-shaped evaporator coil can provide two cylindrical ice banks and two drinking water coils to increase a water chilling capacity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2A

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 000,652, filed April 7, 2020, and U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 849,796, filed May 17, 2019, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] (STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT) N / A [Background technology]

[0003] Recently, water dispensers of various sizes and features are available in homes, offices, and restaurants. However, there are several types of beverages that are not dispensed by current dispensers, and thus there is a need for a dispenser that dispenses a wide variety of waters, such as waters with different chemical properties, such as alkaline water, or waters with different carbonation levels at different temperatures.

[0004] Some water dispensers provide carbonated water, typically by mixing cold water with carbon dioxide gas, which is pumped at high pressure (using a pump) in a pressurized canister (i.e., a metal container under pressure). Once the pressurized canister is filled with water mixed with gas, a user can dispense the carbonated water contained therein until the pressurized canister is emptied, and the cycle is repeated batch by batch. What is needed is a dispenser that can produce carbonated water or other carbonated beverages instantly, on demand, and continuously (i.e., not batch by batch) that does not use a pressurized canister to hold a specific volume of carbonated water (pre-carbonated), but instead uses a small, efficient, continuous, non-energy consuming in-line flash carbonator, such as the carbonator using electrostatic charge, as in U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 329,043, filed February 27, 2019, and published July 18, 2019 as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0217256. Current art carbonated beverage dispensers use pressurized canisters to combine carbon dioxide gas with water, but the space occupied by such pressurized containers increases the overall size of the cooler and reduces the energy efficiency of the cooler. Thus, a dispenser is needed in which the carbonation system is small and efficient, and the refrigeration system can also be compact and efficient.

[0005] Because it is a well-known principle of physics that the solubility level of carbon dioxide gas in water and the formation of carbon dioxide is related to the temperature of the water, i.e., solubility is greatest as the temperature of the water approaches the freezing temperature of water (i.e., 0° C.), commercial water dispensers capable of dispensing carbonated water and carbonated beverages must have very powerful refrigeration systems.

[0006] The chiller has a refrigerated evaporator coil immersed in a water bath inside the chilled water storage vessel, and in the same water bath has a water dispenser cooling coil for chilling the drinking water produced by the dispenser. Such water dispensers use the so-called "water bath / ice bank" technology, where the latent heat of ice that forms all around the evaporator coil is used to flash chill the drinking water that enters the chiller. Furthermore, in order to have an efficient cooling system, a refrigerator for the water dispenser is required.

[0007] Coolers are typically shipped with the cold water reservoir empty to avoid the weight and leakage of water during shipping. Thus, during installation and setup of the dispenser, the installer or user must manually fill the cold water reservoir with large amounts of water, with attendant problems of spilling, splashing, and overfilling. Manual refilling is also required if water evaporates from the reservoir over time. Thus, there is a need for a lightweight water dispenser suitable for transportation that avoids the problems associated with manual filling and refilling of the cold water reservoir. There is a further need to empty such a cold water reservoir when the water dispenser must be moved or discarded.

[0008] Additionally, the cooling evaporator coil freezes the water in the chilled water reservoir, and the temperature sensor is used to limit the amount of ice formed. If the compressor does not stop running when the ice grows enough to contact the temperature sensor, the entire water bath in the chiller will freeze, and the potable water flowing in the stainless steel potable water coil, which is immersed inside the chiller reservoir with the completely frozen water bath, will subsequently freeze and become unavailable for dispensing. More precise control over the amount of ice formed is needed so that the latent heat of the ice can be used to increase the cooling efficiency of the cooling coil in the water reservoir, and so that the agitator inside the chiller is controlled by the temperature of the potable water in the chiller water coil, rather than based on ice growth or any other variation over time.

[0009] Water dispensers with evaporator cooling coils immersed in a chilled water reservoir provide a limited supply of chilled water contained within the dispenser that may be depleted during periods of high demand. Thus, there is a need for a water cooler that provides the necessary agitation of the water within the cooler while increasing the capacity of the chilled water by increasing heat exchange between the ice and water interface surfaces to avoid unnecessarily melting the ice when the temperature of the drinking water inside the water cooler coil becomes low enough. There is also a need for a water bath agitator that increases the convective heat transfer by properly directing the water.

[0010] It is necessary to avoid excessive stirring and associated consumption due to uninterrupted water circulation in the cold water container, and premature melting of the ice bank. It is further necessary to optimize the use of the latent heat of the ice bank based on the requirements.

[0011] Hot water heaters for beverage dispensers typically use a resistance heater to create hot water in a reservoir, and gravity and water pressure help dispense the heated water from a tap that is at the bottom or side of the dispenser and below the reservoir or majority of the hot water reservoir. The hot water can cause the tap to be too hot to touch. What is needed is an improved water heater that dispenses hot water as in the prior art, but without the hot tap.

[0012] In addition, it is considered necessary that no water remains in the water line between the hot water tank and the tap at the moment or immediately after the dispensing of the hot water is stopped. If hot water remains in the outlet line between the tank and the tap, the temperature of the water in the line will decrease over time, and when the tap is opened again to dispense the hot water, the hot water dispensed from the tap will be mixed with the cooler water left in the outlet line and will be undesirably cold. It is therefore useful that all the hot water remaining in the outlet line outside the hot water tank and not dispensed will return to the hot water tank as soon as the tap is closed, so that the water remains hot (heated by the heater) instead of stagnating in the outlet line and gradually decreasing its temperature.

[0013] It is also necessary that the hot water tank be capable of dispensing heated water upwards (i.e. against gravity) so that the hot water tank can be positioned lower than the height of the dispensing nozzle, resulting in a beverage station dispenser design that is not too tall.

[0014] A hot water tank for a water dispenser has a temperature sensor that cuts off power to an electrical resistance heater when water vapor is produced, as this indicates the hot water reservoir is out of water or is low on water, and such a heater avoids water vapor, as the water vapor temperature can result in the dispensing of water that is too hot. However, water vapor retains heat better than water, so heaters that do not use water vapor are less efficient. A more efficient hot water heating system and improved temperature control system for a hot water tank is needed.

[0015] An electrical resistance heater for a hot beverage dispenser may overheat when the water level in the hot water containing vessel becomes too low due to evaporation of the water during a period of non-use such that the resistance heater is no longer partially covered by water. Thus, an improved method for preventing overheating of a hot water heater is needed.

[0016] It is believed that the taste of alkaline water is improved when consumed at sub-ambient temperatures. Thus, there is a need for a compact beverage dispenser that can provide unlimited amounts of chilled alkaline water without requiring a large storage container of chilled alkaline water.

[0017] It is also considered necessary to constantly release inorganic salts from the alkaline chamber containing the alkaline ceramic balls, and to control and stabilize the release of inorganic salts into the drinking water to avoid sudden release of inorganic salts when the dispenser has not been used for one day or more. Summary of the Invention

[0018] Many features are provided for the improved beverage station. These improvements include, but are not limited to, the beverage station having an alkaline filter cartridge in fluid communication with the ambient temperature water line to dispense alkaline water at the dispenser tap. A cold water line is in fluid communication with the same tap so that a mixture of cold water and alkaline water is provided at the tap to improve the taste of the alkaline water by slightly lowering its temperature. A hot water tank with a heater is located below the tap so that hot water flows upward for dispensing from the tap to provide hot water at the tap. A vent line between the hot water tank and the tap helps to flow hot water from the tap and back to the hot water tank to avoid heating the tap. An external carbon dioxide gas tank provides carbonation for the sparkling or carbonated water cooling line and an in-line carbonator immersed in a water bath cooled by a refrigeration system to provide supplemental carbonation to generate different carbonation levels at the tap. A figure-of-eight evaporator coil provides two cylindrical ice banks and two beverage cooler water coils to increase the beverage dispenser's cold water capacity. Up to two submersible agitator pumps are used to create spherical flow paths at the opposing top and bottom ends of the cold water bath to control the water bath temperature, and agitators are controlled by beverage water temperature sensors.

[0019] More specifically, a beverage station is shown having a housing containing a first main water inlet port in fluid communication with a water supply pump internal to the housing for providing water to the water supply pump during use of the device. The dispenser has at least one stainless steel drinking water cooler coil in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a faucet where the drinking water is cooled. To cool the incoming water, the stainless steel drinking water cooler coil is at least partially inserted into and cooled by a heat exchanger having a low temperature portion to cool the incoming water from the water supply pump to a temperature between the ambient temperature of the supply pump water and a temperature above 32° F. during use of the dispenser.

[0020] Such a beverage dispenser has an optional first water line splitter installed in fluid communication with the beverage cooler coil, and a normally closed cold water valve positioned downstream relative to the beverage cooler coil and positioned in fluid communication with the first water line splitter downstream of the first water line splitter. A normally closed foam water valve may be positioned in fluid communication with the first water line splitter downstream of the cooler coil and downstream of the first water line splitter. The foam water valve is in fluid communication with the downstream distribution outlet. At least one normally closed carbon dioxide gas valve may be installed in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas tank. At least one first static venturi restriction device is positioned in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas valve downstream of the carbon dioxide gas valve and in fluid communication with the cold water line splitter downstream of the cold water line splitter. The venturi improves mixing of the cold water and the carbon dioxide gas. One or more static in-line carbonation devices are optionally positioned downstream of and in fluid communication with the at least one first static Venturi restriction device to further carbonate the chilled water flowing through the at least one first static Venturi restriction device. The in-line Venturi restriction device is at least partially inserted into and cooled by the heat exchanger to provide chilled carbonated water. The in-line carbonation chamber is in fluid communication with a dispensing outlet downstream of the carbonation chamber for dispensing the chilled carbonated water.

[0021] The beverage dispenser has an electronic control module in electrical communication with the water supply pump, the water valve, the foam water valve, the carbon dioxide gas valve, and the cold water valve to open and close the valves and to power the supply pump on and off. The cold water selector is placed in electrical communication with the electronic control module to dispense chilled still water. When the cold water selector is activated, the controller sends electrical signals to the various parts such that the water supply pump is powered on and the cold water valve is energized and opened to allow chilled still water to flow to the dispensing outlet during use of the device. The carbonated water selector is also in electrical communication with the electronic control module to dispense chilled carbonated water. When the carbonated water selector is activated, the control module sends electrical signals to the various parts such that the water supply pump is powered on and both the foam water valve and the carbon dioxide gas valve are energized and opened to allow carbonated water to flow to the dispensing outlet during use of the device.

[0022] The beverage dispensing apparatus includes a normally closed main inlet valve positioned downstream of the main inlet port to the beverage station and in electrical communication with the control module to open and close the main inlet valve whenever the selector is activated. When the cold water selector or carbonated water selector is activated, the main inlet valve is energized to open. Because the water in the dispenser, excluding potential steam, should be equal to the water dispensed from the dispenser, the dispensing apparatus includes a flow meter in fluid communication with the main inlet port and electrically connected to the control module to monitor the amount (e.g., volume) of water dispensed by the dispenser.

[0023] In yet a further variation, the dispenser includes an ambient water line including a normally closed ambient water valve in fluid communication with the main valve and the dispensing outlet and in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the ambient water valve. An ambient water selector is in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing ambient temperature water. When the ambient water selector is activated, the controller powers on the water supply pump and opens the ambient water valve to allow ambient temperature water to be dispensed during use of the device.

[0024] In a further variation, the beverage dispenser also dispenses alkaline water. In this case, the normally closed ambient water valve is in fluid communication with the main water inlet port to receive water during use, and is further in electrical communication with the control module to open and close the ambient water valve. The alkaline cartridge is downstream of the ambient water valve, has an inlet in fluid communication with the ambient water valve, and further has a cartridge outlet in fluid communication with the alkaline water line. The alkaline cartridge includes at least one, preferably several different alkaline inorganic salts, and a downstream activated granular carbon bed in fluid communication with the alkaline cartridge outlet. A filter membrane is interposed between the alkaline inorganic salts and the carbon bed to separate materials, avoiding a sudden release of the alkaline inorganic salts and filtering larger inorganic particles. In this configuration, the beverage dispenser has an alkaline selector in electrical communication with the electronic control module to dispense alkaline water by opening both the cold water valve and the ambient water valve to allow ambient temperature water to flow through the alkaline cartridge into the alkaline water line. The cold water line is also in fluid communication with the alkaline water line (preferably at the dispensing outlet) to dispense a mixture of cold water and alkaline water at the dispensing outlet during use of the dispensing device in order to lower the temperature of the dispensed alkaline water while once diluting the amount of inorganic salts released at the tap.

[0025] In a further variation, the controller has a timing circuit that opens and closes the cold water valve at a time interval that is shorter than the time interval that the ambient water valve opens and closes. Additionally, the alkaline chamber includes a cartridge containing inorganic alkaline crystal spheres. The cartridge is in fluid communication with the ambient water valve and is removably connected to a manifold having a manifold inlet downstream of the ambient water valve. Connections of the type used with water filters are believed to be suitable. The manifold has a manifold outlet in fluid communication with the alkaline water line at a distribution outlet.

[0026] In yet a further variation, the beverage station dispenses hot water and addresses the conventional problem of not efficiently using steam that accumulates in the hot water heater but is not dispensed with the hot water. An improved hot water tank including a heater includes a normally closed hot water valve in fluid communication with a main valve and in electrical communication with a control module for opening and closing the hot water valve and the main valve. A hot water tank is provided having a hot water reservoir at the bottom of the tank, a steam chamber at the top of the tank, and a partition separating the hot water reservoir from the steam chamber. An outlet opening in the partition fluidly connects the hot water reservoir to the steam chamber so that steam can flow into the steam chamber regardless of whether the water reservoir is full or partially full. A tube with a slotted bottom connects the outlet opening to the outside of the tank. The tank has a fluid inlet at the bottom of the tank in fluid communication with both the hot water valve and the hot water reservoir. The tank also has a hot water outlet at the top of the tank in fluid communication with the hot water storage vessel and the steam chamber, so that during use of the device, water flows through the control tube into the bottom of the tank and out the top of the tank, with water vapor being drawn into the control tube as the water flows through the tube. The hot water outlet is in fluid communication with the distribution outlet via a hot water line. The hot water tank of the dispenser may have an electrical resistance heater in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel in the tank for heating the water in the hot water tank during use of the device. The heater is in electrical communication with the control module for controlling the heater. A hot water selector is provided on the dispenser and is placed in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing the hot water. When the hot water selector is activated, the control module sends an electrical signal to energize and open the hot water valve and the main valve, so that water flows into the hot water tank and is accelerated upwards by the restriction of the slotted control tube, and water from the hot water storage vessel flows from the hot water outlet to the distribution outlet during use of the device.

[0027] In a further variation of the hot water dispenser, the distribution outlet is higher than the hot water outlet, so that the hot water flows upward from the hot water tank located at a lower height to the distribution outlet. The steam line is in fluid communication with the distribution outlet and the steam chamber to provide a vent path that allows the hot water to flow back from the discharge opening to the hot water tank when the distribution is stopped and the thermal valve is closed. The hot water distribution outlet may be in fluid communication with both the cold water outlet and the foaming water outlet, so that the temperature of the distribution outlet is not in continuous contact with the hot water. Furthermore, the tube advantageously includes a control tube having a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening and further having a top forming the hot water outlet. The slot is dimensioned to suck steam from the steam chamber when hot water flows through the control tube at a predetermined flow rate of at least 1 liter per minute. The heater advantageously includes a safety thermostat in contact with the heating element and in electrical communication with the control module to shut off the heating element if the temperature of the hot water is too high or the water level in the water receiving vessel is too low.

[0028] In a further variation of the beverage dispensing system, the water filter is positioned upstream of the cold water valve and the foamed water valve so as to be in fluid communication with both of those valves.

[0029] To cool the drinking water, the heat exchanger uses a water bath and ice bank refrigeration device. Such a device includes a cold water container having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming a sealed water container of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated. The device has a freezer expansion line with an evaporator coil adjacent to the inside of the side wall of the cold water container. The evaporator coil has sufficient cooling capacity during use of the device to freeze water inside the cold water container in contact with the evaporator coil and create an ice bank around a majority of the evaporator coil, while the remainder of the water bath inside the cold water container remains in a liquid state. The ice bank is created all around or nearly all around the evaporator coil. The device has a drinking water cooler coil located inside the cold water container and at least partially submerged by the water bath inside the container. During use of the beverage station, the drinking water inside the cooler coil is cooled by the ice bank formed on the evaporator coil. One or more static in-line carbonation chambers are positioned within the cold water containing vessel at a location where the carbonator is at least partially submerged in the water bath during use of the dispensing device.

[0030] In a further variation, the water bath and ice bank refrigeration device has a first splitter of cold water lines and carbonated water lines that is located inside the cold water bath during use of the device. In addition, a first temperature sensor is installed in electrical communication with the controller and may be positioned in the cold water reservoir at a location selected to contact the ice bank along a majority of the sensor's length during use of the device. The temperature sensor is also in electrical communication with the control module. By measuring significantly different resistivity values ​​between the water and the ice, the temperature sensor can recognize when ice has grown and sends a signal to the electronic control module so that power to the compressor and fans of the dispenser's refrigeration system is cut off. The evaporator coil stops freezing the water and the ice growth is interrupted, thus avoiding complete freezing of the water in the cold water reservoir and the potable water in the stainless steel chiller coil and the pipes and connections immersed in the chiller's water bath.

[0031] In a further variation, improved water bath agitation is achieved through the use of at least one agitator pump, which has been found to be much more effective in increasing heat transfer between the ice bank and the water bath than a normal stirrer or other agitator. In a further variation, agitation of the water bath is achieved using a first submersible agitator pump, with the first pump having a first axial flow path with the inflow along the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil and the outflow directed horizontally. The water flow is accelerated by the agitator pump, while the water inlet is directed longitudinally towards the pump body on the longitudinal axis, and the outflow is directed radially, with one or more radially outward directions, on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. Since more than one agitator pump may be used, the distribution device may include a second submersible agitation, with a submersible pump having a third axial flow path in the opposite direction to the first axial flow path along the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil. A second submersible agitator pump and the pump has a fourth radial flow path perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and in the same direction as the second radial flow path.

[0032] In a further variation, the agitator includes first and second submersible agitators with pumps with respective agitator pumps at least partially submerged in the water bath of the cold water storage vessel, each submersible pump having respective first and second nozzles extending along a longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil and forming an inlet port, each submersible agitator pump having a plurality of second ports forming outlet ports directing water radially outwardly, the inlet port and outlet port of each submersible agitator creating an annular flow path in a portion of the cold water storage vessel.

[0033] In a further variation, improved temperature control of the ice bank is provided. At least one agitator pump is at least partially inside the beverage cooler coil and in electrical communication with the controller. The at least one agitator pump is preferably at least partially submerged. An ice contact temperature sensor is in the chilled water reservoir at a location that contacts the ice bank during use of the device, and is also in electrical communication with the controller. During use of the device, the ice bank grows and contacts the ice contact temperature sensor, which then sends a signal to the controller, which in response to the signal starts or stops the compressor and fans of the refrigeration system.

[0034] In a further variation, an improved cold water reservoir is provided. The cold water reservoir is advantageously sealed to contain the cold water in a sealed environment that reduces water spillage and evaporation. A normally closed cold water reservoir fill valve is provided having an upstream end in fluid communication with the main valve and a downstream end in fluid communication with a cold water reservoir fill line that is in fluid communication with the cold water reservoir. A water level sensor is positioned to detect the water level in the cold water reservoir. The bucket fill valve and the water level sensor are each in electrical communication with a controller having a circuit configured to open the cold water reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor reaches a predetermined low water level determined by the sensor and close the reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor is at a maximum fill water level determined by the sensor signal. A float sensor is believed to be preferred. In a further variation, the cold water reservoir includes top, bottom and side walls forming a sealed enclosed volume, all walls being insulated, and at least a majority of the fluid and electrical communication lines extending through sealed fluid connections at the top of the cold water reservoir. Advantageously, a drain is provided at the bottom of the reservoir for removing the water bath from the interior of the reservoir when the dispenser is removed from one location and moved to another.

[0035] A beverage dispensing apparatus with increased capacity is also provided. The beverage dispenser housing has a first main water inlet port in fluid communication with a water supply pump in the housing for providing water to the supply pump during use of the apparatus. The cold water container has a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming a sealed container of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated and optionally but advantageously sealed to provide a sealed enclosure for the cold water container. If the lid is removable, a ring seal such as an O-ring seal is provided. The apparatus has an evaporator coil inside the cold water container side wall and an evaporator freezer connected to the cold water container side wall. Advantageously, the evaporator coil forms a figure-of-eight configuration with a first vertical evaporator coil at a first end of the figure-of-eight configuration and a second vertical evaporator coil at a second end of the figure-of-eight configuration. The evaporator coil has interleaved connecting segments extending between the first vertical evaporator coil and the second vertical evaporator coil. The evaporator coil has sufficient cooling capacity during use of the apparatus to freeze water in contact with the evaporator coil to create wall ice banks over at least a majority of the area of ​​the side walls, as well as to create a central ice bank extending between two opposing side walls of the water-containing vessel between which the interleaved segments of the first and second evaporator coils are interleaved.

[0036] The improved capacity distribution system also includes a first vertical chiller water coil located inside the first evaporator coil. The first chiller water coil has an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with the first distribution outlet. A second vertical chiller water coil is located inside the second evaporator coil. The second chiller water coil has an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with the second distribution outlet. This figure-of-eight configuration is believed to provide twice the amount of chilled water as a single coil. Advantageously, each potable chilled water coil contains 0.5 to 0.8 liters of chilled water for a total volume of chilled water in the potable chilled water coil of 1 to 1.6 liters.

[0037] A hot water tank for use in a beverage dispenser having a water inlet and a hot water outlet, and a number of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, is also provided. The selector buttons are in electrical communication with a controller to activate appropriate valves in the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverages associated with the respective selector buttons through a discharge opening. One of the selector buttons includes a hot water button. The hot water tank includes a tank housing containing a hot water containing vessel at a bottom of the housing and a steam chamber at a top of the housing, with a partition separating the hot water containing vessel from the steam chamber. The discharge opening extends through the partition, the discharge opening advantageously being located at the bottom of a recess in the partition. The hot water housing has a water inlet at the bottom of the housing. A control tube extends from the discharge opening through the steam chamber and through the top of the housing. A slotted bottom on the control tube surrounds the discharge opening of the partition. The slotted bottom has a plurality of longitudinal slots dimensioned to allow any water vapor in the steam chamber to be drawn into the water flowing through the control tube at a rate determined by the area of ​​the restrictor in the slotted tube and the pressure of the incoming water, while preventing water flowing through the control tube at a minimum flow rate of 1 liter per minute from also flowing through the slots. The slots are also dimensioned to allow water vapor from the hot water storage vessel to enter the steam chamber. The tank also optionally but advantageously includes a vent tube having a first end in fluid communication with the steam chamber and a second end external to the housing, the second end configured to connect to a fluid line during use of the heater. The tank may also have an electrical resistance heater in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel in the housing for heating water in the hot water storage vessel during use of the tank. Advantageously, the tank also has a temperature regulating thermostat in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel.

[0038] A beverage dispenser having an improved hot water tank for use in dispensing hot water is also provided. The beverage dispenser has a water inlet, a hot water outlet, and a plurality of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, each button in electrical communication with a control module for activating an appropriate valve in the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverage associated with the corresponding selector button via the beverage dispensing outlet. One of the selector buttons is a hot water button. The improved beverage dispenser includes a normally closed hot water valve in fluid communication with a normally closed main valve in fluid communication with the water inlet of the beverage dispenser. The hot water valve is in electrical communication with the control module to open and close the hot water valve. The dispenser has an improved hot water tank having a hot water storage vessel at a bottom of the tank and a steam chamber at a top of the tank, with a partition separating the hot water storage vessel from the steam chamber. The partition has a discharge opening that fluidly connects the hot water storage vessel and the steam storage vessel. The tank has a water inlet at the bottom of the tank in fluid communication with the hot water valve and the hot water storage vessel. The tank has a control tube extending from the outlet through the top of the tank and in fluid communication with the hot water storage vessel and the steam chamber so that water can enter the bottom of the tank and exit the top of the tank during use of the device. The tank has a water deflector at the bottom of the hot water storage vessel to aid in mixing of ambient temperature water entering the hot water tank during use of the device with high temperature water present inside the hot water storage vessel. The deflector can direct the flow of the incoming water towards the heater. The hot water outlet is in fluid communication with the beverage dispensing outlet via a hot water line, the beverage dispensing outlet being vertically above the hot water outlet of the tank. The control tube has a slotted bottom surrounding a discharge opening in the bulkhead. The slotted bottom extends along the length of the control tube and has a plurality of slots configured to draw at least a portion of any water vapor in the steam chamber into the water flowing through the control tube while preventing water flowing through the control tube at a flow rate of at least 1 liter per minute from also flowing through the slots. The slots are dimensioned to allow water vapor from the hot water containment vessel to enter the steam chamber.The dispenser advantageously has an electrical resistance heater in thermal communication with the hot water reservoir in the tank for heating water therein during use of the device, the heater being in electrical communication with a control module for regulating operation of the heater, the operation of the heater being regulated by a signal from the control module such that during use of the device, when the hot water valve is energized open, water flows into the hot water reservoir, upwardly, through the hot water outlet and out the dispensing outlet.

[0039] In a further variation, the hot water heater includes a vent tube having a first end in fluid communication with the steam chest and a second end external to the heater tank, the second end configured to connect to a fluid line during use of the heater to avoid an air lock and provide a vent path to allow hot water to return through the control tube into the hot water storage vessel. Advantageously, the heater includes a temperature regulating thermostat in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel and a thermistor in contact with the heater to provide a safety shutoff if the water level falls below a level at which the thermistor contacts the heater.

[0040] Also provided is an improved agitator pump for a cold water bath in a beverage dispensing apparatus using a water bath / ice bank cooling system for the dispensed water. The system includes a beverage water cooler coil extending along a longitudinal axis of a cold water containing vessel and positioned within the cold water bath, and an ice bank surrounding a portion of the cold water bath inside the insulated water containing vessel with an evaporator coil of the refrigeration system forming an ice bank. The improved agitator pump includes first and second submersible agitators each having a submersible agitator pump extending along a longitudinal axis of the cooler coil having at least one suction port generating a first flow path during use. Both first ports are opposed to each other along their longitudinal axis. Each submersible pump also has a plurality of second outlet ports oriented outwardly from the longitudinal axis and extending outwardly from the longitudinal axis generating an outlet path during use. The suction port and outlet opening of each of the two agitator pumps cooperate in use to draw water longitudinally through the suction port and expel water radially in orthogonal planes through the outlet opening. In use, both ports are located within a cold water bath inside the cold water coil. Furthermore, the two ports cooperate to generate a spherical flow pattern through each agitator pump in a portion of the cold water reservoir, which flow pattern keeps the drinking water cooler coil from freezing and controls the thickness of the ice bank. Advantageously, each spherical flow pattern extends to about half the height of the drinking water cooler coil.

[0041] In a further variation, at least one agitator pump works in cooperation with a temperature sensor that controls the temperature of the water inside the drinking water cooler coil and sends an electrical signal indicating when the temperature of the drinking water exceeds a certain upper limit or falls below a certain lower limit. The two values ​​are used to turn the agitation(s) on and off or vary their speed, or to turn off one agitator pump while keeping the others operating. Yet further beverage dispensing apparatus is disclosed herein, including a refrigeration system including a cold water reservoir and an evaporator coil disposed within the cold water reservoir and configured to freeze water within the cold water reservoir to form an ice bank, an ice sensor configured to detect the presence of ice within the cold water reservoir, a controller in communication with the ice sensor and configured to shut down the refrigeration system when the presence of ice is detected, a chiller coil disposed within the cold water reservoir configured to circulate drinking water, an agitator pump disposed within the cold water reservoir and configured to circulate cold water within the cold water reservoir, and a temperature sensor disposed adjacent the chiller coil and in communication with the controller, the controller operating the agitator pump based on a temperature determined by the temperature sensor.

[0042] In a further variation, the beverage dispensing apparatus may further include at least one first static venturi restriction device located downstream of the foamed water valve and in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas valve, and further downstream of the cold water line splitter and in fluid communication with the cold water line splitter. Furthermore, the apparatus may also include one or more static in-line carbonation devices located downstream of the at least one first static venturi restriction device and in fluid communication with the at least one first static venturi restriction device for further carbonating water flowing through the at least one first static venturi restriction device. The in-line venturi restriction device is at least partially inserted into and cooled by a heat exchanger, and the carbonation device is in fluid communication with a dispensing outlet downstream of the carbonation device. Also provided is a beverage dispensing apparatus for alkaline beverages, including a normally closed ambient water valve in fluid communication with a main water inlet port of the dispensing apparatus for receiving water during use, and in electrical communication with a control module for opening and closing the ambient water valve. The alkaline beverage dispensing system also includes an alkaline cartridge downstream of the ambient water valve having an inlet in fluid communication with the ambient water valve and further having a cartridge outlet in fluid communication with the alkaline water line.

[0043] The apparatus further includes an alkaline cartridge including at least one alkaline inorganic salt and a downstream activated granular carbon bed in fluid communication with the alkaline cartridge outlet. The alkaline selector is in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing alkaline water by opening an ambient water valve to allow ambient temperature water to flow through the alkaline cartridge and into the alkaline water line.

[0044] In a further variation, the alkaline water dispensing device has an alkaline chamber including a cartridge containing inorganic ceramic balls. The cartridge is in fluid communication with the ambient water valve and is removably connected to a manifold having a manifold inlet downstream of the ambient water valve. The manifold also has a manifold outlet in fluid communication with the alkaline water line. In yet a further variation, the alkaline water dispensing device has a refrigeration system for chilling and cooling water and has a normally closed cold water valve that can be operated by the controller to dispense cold water from the refrigeration system. The dispensing device also has an outlet in fluid communication with both the alkaline water line and the cold water line. The controller also opens and then closes both the ambient water valve and the cold water valve to dispense a mixture of cold water and alkaline water at the dispensing outlet during use of the dispensing device. In still a further variation, the alkaline water dispensing device has a cold water valve opening that opens for a time interval that is shorter than the time interval that the ambient water valve opens and closes.

[0045] A beverage dispensing apparatus having a hot water dispensing outlet for a hot water beverage is also provided, the hot water valve being in fluid communication with a hot water tank located downstream relative to the hot water valve. The hot water valve is in electrical communication with an electronic control module. The hot water tank has a hot water container at a bottom of the tank and a steam chamber at a top of the tank, a partition separating the hot water container from the steam chamber, and a discharge opening in the partition. The tank has a fluid inlet at a bottom of the tank in fluid communication with the hot water valve and the hot water container. The beverage dispensing apparatus also has an electric resistance heater in the hot water container in electrical communication with the electronic control module. The electric heater is operated by a temperature sensor such that the heater is powered on when the temperature sensor detects a temperature below a certain value, and powered off when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a certain value, thereby cycling the heater power between an upper temperature limit and a lower temperature limit. The electric heating element may be enclosed in a stainless steel protective cylinder that is in thermal contact with the water in the hot water storage vessel and heats the water inside the storage vessel so that its temperature is always kept within the circulating temperature range. The hot water tank has a hot water outlet at the top of the tank that is in fluid communication with both the hot water storage vessel and the steam chamber, so that during use of the device, water enters the bottom of the tank and exits from the top of the tank. The hot water outlet is in fluid communication with the hot water distribution outlet via a hot water line. Since the hot water distribution outlet is located at a higher level than the hot water tank, the hot water must flow upwards to the hot water distribution outlet during operation of the device.

[0046] The beverage dispensing apparatus also has a steam line in fluid communication with the dispensing outlet and the steam chamber in the hot water tank to provide a vent path to allow hot water to flow from the discharge opening to the outlet and back into the steam chamber and into the hot water tank after the hot water valve is closed. A control tube is further provided having a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening and further having a top forming the hot water outlet, the slots being dimensioned to draw steam from the steam chamber when hot water flows through the control tube at a predetermined flow rate. The hot water selector is placed in electrical communication with the electronic control module to dispense hot water, and when the hot water selector is activated, the control module sends an electrical signal to energize and open the hot water valve, so that water flows into the hot water containing vessel and upwards and out of the hot water outlet to the dispensing outlet during use of the apparatus.

[0047] In a further variation, the beverage dispensing apparatus may include a safety thermostat located on an outer wall of the hot water tank and in electrical communication with the control module to shut off the heating element if the temperature in the hot water tank is too high. In yet a further variation, the apparatus includes a hot water tank, a hot water valve, and a hot water line in fluid communication with the hot water dispensing outlet. Still further, the alkaline water chamber, the alkaline water valve, and the alkaline water line may be positioned in fluid communication with the hot water dispensing outlet, the hot water dispensing outlet being in fluid communication with at least one of the cold water outlet, the sparkling water outlet, and the alkaline water outlet.

[0048] In yet a further variation, the beverage dispensing apparatus has each of the outlets in fluid communication with the hot water outlet. The beverage dispensing apparatus may use a heat exchanger using a water bath and ice bank refrigeration device. The refrigeration device may include a cold water containing vessel having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming a sealed water containing vessel of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated. The refrigeration device also includes an evaporator coil inside the cold water containing vessel and a freezer expansion line connected to the side wall of the cold water containing vessel, the evaporator coil having sufficient cooling capacity during use of the apparatus to freeze water contacting the evaporator coil and generate an ice bank around a substantial majority of the freezer coil and provide a cold water bath inside the ice bank. The beverage water cooler water coil is located inside the cold water bath and inside the ice bank to cool water flowing through the cooler coil during use. One or more static in-line carbonation devices are located inside the cold water containing vessel at a location where the carbonation device is at least partially submerged in the water bath during use of the apparatus.

[0049] In a further variation of the beverage dispensing apparatus, at least one agitator pump is provided, the agitator pump including a submersible pump having a first axial flow path along the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil in an inflow direction and a second radial flow path perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in an outflow direction. The beverage dispensing apparatus may include first and second agitators each at least partially submerged in a chilled water containing vessel during use, each agitator pump extending along the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil and having first and second corresponding inlet ports forming their inlet ports, each agitator pump having a plurality of outlets forming outlet ports, the inlet and outlet ports of each agitator pump creating an annular flow path in a portion of the chilled water containing vessel.

[0050] A further variation of the beverage dispensing apparatus may include at least one agitator pump at least partially within the chiller coil and in electrical communication with the controller, and an ice contact temperature sensor located within the chilled water containing vessel at a location that contacts the ice bank during use of the apparatus, the ice contact temperature sensor also being in electrical communication with the controller. During use of the apparatus, as the ice bank grows and contacts the ice contact temperature sensor, the ice contact temperature sensor sends a signal to the controller, and in response to the signal, the controller activates the refrigeration device by turning off the compressor and fan of the refrigeration device when the ice bank growth reaches the temperature sensor.

[0051] In yet a further variation, the beverage dispensing apparatus may include a normally closed cold water reservoir fill valve having an upstream end in fluid communication with a primary water source and a downstream end in fluid communication with a cold water reservoir fill line in fluid communication with the cold water reservoir. A water level sensor is located at the top of the cold water reservoir to detect the water level in the cold water reservoir. The cold water reservoir fill valve and the water level sensor are each in electrical communication with a controller, the controller having circuitry configured to open the cold water reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor reaches a predetermined low water level determined by the sensor and close the cold water reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor is at a maximum fill level determined by the sensor.

[0052] Also provided is a beverage dispensing apparatus for dispensing a plurality of beverages, the apparatus including a housing having a first main water inlet port in fluid communication with a water supply pump within the housing to provide water to the supply pump during use of the apparatus. The apparatus also includes a cold water containing vessel having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming an enclosed water containing vessel of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated. The freezer expansion line is inside the side wall of the cold water containing vessel and has an evaporator coil connected to the side wall of the cold water containing vessel. The evaporator coil forms a figure-eight configuration with a first vertical coil at a first end of the figure-eight configuration and a second vertical coil at a second end of the figure-eight configuration. The evaporator coil has interleaved connecting segments extending between the first and second vertical coils, and the evaporator coil has sufficient cooling capability during use of the apparatus to freeze water in contact with the evaporator coil and generate wall ice banks around at least a majority of the side walls and to generate a central ice bank extending between two opposing side walls of the water containing vessel between which the interleaved segments of the first and second freezer coils are interleaved.

[0053] The apparatus also includes a first vertical drinking water cooler water coil located within the first evaporator coil and having an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with the distribution outlet. A second vertical drinking water cooler coil is located within the second evaporator coil and has an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with the distribution outlet.

[0054] There is also provided a hot water tank for use in a beverage dispenser device having a water inlet and a hot water outlet and a plurality of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, the selector buttons being in electrical communication with a controller for activating appropriate valves in the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverages associated with the respective selector buttons through a discharge opening, one of the selector buttons including a hot water button. The hot water tank includes a hot water tank housing housing a hot water storage vessel at a bottom of the housing and a steam chamber at a top of the housing, the hot water storage vessel having a partition separating the hot water storage vessel from the steam chamber, the partition having a discharge opening in the partition, the housing having a water inlet at the bottom of the housing. A control tube extends from the discharge opening through the steam chamber and through the top of the housing. The control tube has a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening in the partition. The slotted bottom has a plurality of slots configured to draw any water vapor in the steam chamber into the water flowing through the control tube while preventing water flowing through the control tube at a rate of more than one liter per minute from also flowing through the slots. The slot is sized to allow water vapor from the hot water storage vessel to enter the steam chamber. An outlet is provided for hot water distribution from the apparatus, the outlet being positioned higher relative to the hot water tank housing and the control tube such that the hot water flows upwardly from the hot water storage vessel. The vent tube has a first end in fluid communication with the steam chamber and a second end external to the housing, the second end configured to connect to a steam line during use of the heater. An electrical resistance heater is disposed in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel within the housing of the hot water tank for heating water in the hot water storage vessel during use of the tank. A temperature regulating thermostat having a temperature sensor, preferably a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sensor, is in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel.

[0055] In a further variation, the hot water tank may also include a control tube in fluid communication with the hot water storage vessel and having a restricted opening at its bottom with a cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid passage that is less than half the cross-sectional area of ​​the control tube. The physical distance between the heater in the hot water storage vessel and the temperature sensor of the NTC is preferably less than 2 mm.

[0056] Also provided is a beverage dispensing device having a hot water tank for use in dispensing hot water from the device, the beverage dispenser having a water inlet, a hot water outlet, and a plurality of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, each button in electrical communication with a control module for activating an appropriate valve in the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverage associated with the respective selector button via the beverage dispensing outlet. One of the selector buttons includes a hot water button. The beverage dispenser includes a normally closed hot water valve in fluid communication with a normally closed main valve in fluid communication with the beverage dispenser water inlet, the hot water valve in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the hot water valve. The hot water tank has a hot water storage vessel at a bottom of the tank and a steam chamber at a top of the tank, with a partition separating the hot water storage vessel from the steam chamber, the partition having a discharge opening in fluid communication between the hot water storage vessel and the steam storage vessel. The tank has a water inlet at a bottom of the tank in fluid communication with the hot water valve and the hot water storage vessel. The tank has a control tube extending from the outlet through the top of the tank and in fluid communication with the hot water storage vessel and the steam chamber so that water can flow into the bottom of the tank and out the top of the tank during use of the device. The hot water outlet is in fluid communication with the beverage dispensing outlet via a hot water line, the beverage dispensing outlet being vertically above the hot water outlet of the tank. The control tube has a slotted bottom surrounding a discharge opening in the bulkhead, the slotted bottom having a plurality of slots extending along the length of the control tube and configured to aspirate at least a portion of any water vapor in the steam chamber into water flowing through the control tube while preventing water flowing through the control tube at a rate of at least one liter per minute or greater from also flowing through the slots. The slots are sized to allow water vapor from the hot water storage vessel to enter the steam chamber. An electrical resistance heater is in thermal communication with the hot water storage vessel in the tank for heating water in the hot water storage vessel during use of the device, the heater being in electrical communication with the control module. Additionally, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sensor for temperature regulation is in thermal communication with the hot water containment vessel.During use of the apparatus, when the hot water valve is energized open, water enters the hot water containing vessel, flows upwardly, and exits the hot water outlet through the distribution outlet.

[0057] A further variation of this beverage dispensing apparatus includes a vent tube having a first end in fluid communication with the steam chamber and a second end external to the heater tank, the second end configured to connect to a fluid line during use of the heater.Furthermore, a safety thermostat in electrical communication with the heater may be provided on an outer wall of the hot tank, together with a control module and an on / off switch, such that when the temperature of the wall of the hot tank exceeds a certain value, the thermostat opens an electrical circuit to prevent the hot tank from overheating.

[0058] A still further variation of this beverage dispensing apparatus includes a water deflector in the water inlet port located at the bottom of the hot water containing vessel and in fluid communication with the hot water valve, which diverts the flow path of the incoming water when the hot water valve is open during use of the dispensing apparatus, directing the incoming water towards the heater to avoid the inlet water flowing directly out through the control tube without first mixing with the hot water in the hot water containing vessel. A still further variation may include a protective stainless steel shirt around the heater to avoid scale deposits that reduce the thermal efficiency of the heater.

[0059] Also provided is an agitator pump that can be fully submerged in a cold water bath inside a cold water storage vessel in a beverage dispensing apparatus, the apparatus having a beverage water cooler coil located at least substantially inside the cold water bath, and an ice bank surrounding a portion of the cold water bath inside the insulated cold water storage vessel, the ice bank having an evaporator coil with a refrigerant liquid that absorbs heat and forms an ice bank. The agitator pump includes a submersible pump having at least one suction port oriented to generate a suction flow path that, in use, is oriented longitudinally relative to the beverage water cooler coil axis and directs the water bath surrounding the inner wall of the beverage water cooler coil toward the agitator inlet port. The agitator pump has a plurality of second outlet ports oriented in use in a plane perpendicular to the suction flow path, the outlet ports extending outwardly relative to the suction longitudinal axis. The plurality of outlet ports are oriented to direct an outlet path of the water bath toward the ice bank and the evaporator coil. The at least one inlet port and the plurality of outlet ports cooperate during use of the agitator pump to draw and expel water from the water bath of the cold water receiving vessel.

[0060] In a further variation, the agitator pump includes an inlet port with a suction flow of the inlet port oriented vertically, the agitator pump extending along a longitudinal axis and located within the beverage water cooler coil located in the chilled water. The agitator pump has its suction port extending along the same longitudinal direction as the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil to generate a suction flow path in use, the suction port being located within the cooler coil. A plurality of second outlet openings are oriented outwardly from the longitudinal axis and generate an outlet path in use, extending outwardly from the longitudinal axis through the coil of the beverage water cooler coil.

[0061] In yet a further variation, the agitator pump has multiple ports oriented to direct the outlet path toward the ice bank and evaporator coil, but away from the temperature sensor inside the chilled water reservoir. An outlet tube is preferably connected to the outlet port to carry the water flow from the outlet of the agitator pump to the ice bank to avoid the outlet path from accidentally flowing toward and around the temperature sensor in the water bath.

[0062] In yet a further variation, the agitator pump includes a second agitator pump, the two agitator pumps having respective inlet ports opposite one another, respective suction flows oriented vertically, each agitator pump having a plurality of outlet ports oriented outwardly from the longitudinal axis to create a second flow path extending outwardly from the longitudinal axis during use, the ports in each agitator pump cooperating during use to discharge cold water through at least one outlet port, the inlet and outlet ports being located within a cold water containing vessel such that the inlet and outlet ports are fully immersed in a cold water bath during use, and both of the two agitator pumps are located within the same cold water coil.

[0063] In yet a further variation, the agitator pump may include an ice contact temperature sensor located in the chilled water reservoir at a location where it contacts the ice bank during use of the device, the sensor sending an electrical signal indicating when the ice bank is in contact with the sensor and when it is not in contact with the sensor. A drinking water temperature sensor may be located in the water bath to control the temperature of the drinking water inside the chiller coil, the sensor sending a first electrical signal to the electronic control module to activate the agitator pump when the temperature of the drinking water exceeds a certain upper temperature point and a second electronic signal to stop agitation when the temperature falls below a certain lower temperature point.

[0064] In a further variation, when the temperature of the drinking water is between the upper and lower temperature points, the electronic control module maintains the agitator in its existing state (operated if it was operating, idling if it was not operating). In yet a further variation, the rate of the discharged water output varies based on the temperature of the drinking water, with the speed of one or both agitators starting at zero when the temperature is at or below a particular lower temperature point and increasing proportionally as the temperature of the drinking water increases above the lower temperature point.

[0065] In a still further variant, a second agitator pump as described in any of the variants above may be provided, the operation of each agitator pump being dependent on the temperature of the drinking water, and both agitator pumps operating when the temperature of the drinking water inside the cooler coil is above a first predefined value corresponding to an upper temperature point, none of the two agitator pumps operating when the temperature of the drinking water inside the cooler coil is below a second predefined value corresponding to a lower temperature point, and only one of the two agitator pumps operating when the temperature of the drinking water is between the two temperature points. Preferably, the upper temperature point is 1.2°C and the lower temperature point is 0.6°C, including a range of + / - 0.5°C from each value.

[0066] A cup alignment device for a beverage dispenser is also provided. The beverage dispenser has a housing, a tap for dispensing at least one consumable liquid, a cup support below the tap on which a beverage cup can be placed to receive the liquid dispensed from the tap, and a housing wall located between the tap and the cup support and behind a vertical line between the cup support and the tap. An illuminated light bar is connected to the housing wall and extends along a vertical path between the tap and the cup support, allowing a user to visually confirm the path of the liquid as it is dispensed from the tap into a cup placed on or above the cup support. A plastic shield, also connected to the housing wall, covers the light bar and extends along the path to shield the light bar from the liquid during use of the beverage dispenser.

[0067] In a further variation, the cup alignment device may include a light bar having a plurality of LEDs in electrical communication with a timer and electrical control circuitry configured to sequentially and separately activate each of the LEDs. The beverage dispenser may have a separate cup support under each tap or a continuous cup support under multiple taps, with a vertical light bar extending downwardly along the housing wall from each tap to a cup holder under that tap. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0068] These and other advantages and features of the present invention will be better understood in consideration of the following drawings and description, in which like numerals refer to like parts throughout.

[0069] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a beverage station on a support cabinet stand that encloses a pressurized tank of carbon dioxide gas.

[0070] [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a front view of the beverage station on the support cabinet stand of FIG. 1A.

[0071] [Figure 1C] FIG. 1C is a left side view of the beverage station and cabinet stand of FIG. 1B.

[0072] [Figure 1D] FIG. 1C is a rear view of the beverage station of FIG. 1B.

[0073] [Figure 2A] FIG. 1 illustrates the fluid connections of a beverage station including a freezer system.

[0074] [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a simplified plumbing diagram of FIG. 2A showing the fluid connections of the beverage station with the freezer system removed.

[0075] [Figure 2C] FIG. 2C is a simplified diagram of FIG. 2B showing only the cold water lines.

[0076] [Figure 2D] FIG. 2C is a simplified diagram of FIG. 2B showing an alkaline water line with a cold water line.

[0077] [Figure 2E] FIG. 2C is a simplified diagram of FIG. 2B showing a carbonated water line using a carbonation mechanism.

[0078] [Figure 2F] FIG. 2C is the same plumbing diagram as FIG. 2B, showing a beverage station that houses a smaller carbon dioxide gas tank or canister inside its housing and a miniature water filter with a leak-proof system.

[0079] [Figure 2G] FIG. 2C is a simplified schematic of FIG. 2B showing the high temperature water line.

[0080] [Figure 3A] FIG. 2C is a perspective view of a portion of the freezer system of FIGS. 2A and 2F.

[0081] [Figure 3B] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a drinking water cooler coil and two in-line carbonator chambers.

[0082] [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C is a top view of the drinking water cooler coil and carbonator of FIG. 3B.

[0083] [Figure 3D] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fluid lines and connections in the drinking water cooler coil and two carbonators shown in FIGS. 3B-3C.

[0084] [Figure 4A] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cold water container showing its contents, including two agitators and a water bath circulation path within the cold water container having a spiral drinking water cooler coil.

[0085] [Figure 4B] FIG. 1 is a top view of a cold water container showing its contents, including a single agitator pump with an outlet tube in a water bath inside the cold water container, having a vertically undulating drinking water cooler coil arranged in a rectangular configuration with the sides of the coil parallel to the sides of the water container.

[0086] [Figure 4C]FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view taken along section 4C-4C of FIG. 4B showing a single agitator in the outlet tube and the resulting circulation path of the water bath inside the cold water storage vessel.

[0087] [Figure 4D] FIG. 13 is an exploded close-up view of a single agitator inside the outlet tube.

[0088] [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the longitudinal axis of the alkaline cartridge and mating manifold.

[0089] [Figure 6A] 6A is a cross-sectional view of the hot water tank of FIG. 6C taken along section 6A-6A of FIG. 6C.

[0090] [Figure 6B] 6B is a cross-sectional view of the hot water tank of FIG. 6C taken along section 6B-6B of FIG. 6C.

[0091] [Figure 6C] FIG.

[0092] [Figure 7A] FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the carbonator chamber for increased carbonation.

[0093] [Figure 7B] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a carbonator system using two carbonators.

[0094] [Figure 7C] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a carbonator system using two carbonators.

[0095] [Figure 8A] FIG. 13 is a front view of a beverage station having a different number of dispense buttons and an optional cup alignment mechanism.

[0096] [Figure 8B] FIG. 13 is a front view of a beverage station having a different number of dispense buttons and multiple taps, and having an optional cup alignment mechanism.

[0097] [Figure 9A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a figure-of-eight evaporator coil.

[0098] [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B is a top view of the figure-eight evaporator coil of FIG. 9A.

[0099] [Figure 9C] FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view taken along section 9C-9C of FIG. 9B.

[0100] [Figure 10A] FIG. 1 is a top view of an insulated chilled water containment vessel housing a figure-eight cooling coil, an ice bank, and two drinking water cooler coils, each with two carbonator chambers.

[0101] [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along section 10B-10B of FIG. 10A.

[0102] [Figure 10C] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a water booster housing;

[0103] [Figure 10D] 10D is a cross-sectional view taken along section 10D-10D of FIG. 10C.

[0104] [Figure 10E] FIG. 10B is a top view of the insulated cold water reservoir of FIG. 10A with two water booster reservoirs of FIG. 10C.

[0105] [Figure 10F] 10F is a cross-sectional view taken along section 10F-10F of FIG. 10E.

[0106] [Figure 11A] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the control circuitry for the various components of the beverage station;

[0107] [Figure 11B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for providing chilled water.

[0108] [Figure 11C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for providing alkaline water.

[0109] [Figure 11D] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for providing carbonated water.

[0110] [Figure 11E] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit for providing high temperature water. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0111] As used herein, relative terms such as upstream and downstream refer to the direction in which fluid flows through various parts and fluid connections. Fluid generally flows downstream from a building's water line, toward a tap, and upstream in the opposite direction.

[0112] As used herein, the following part numbers refer to the following parts: 20-beverage station, 22-cabinet stand, 24-door, 26-carbon dioxide gas tank, 28-carbon dioxide gas tank shutoff valve, 30-carbon dioxide gas pressure and flow regulator, 32-water filter, 40-fill / dispense area, 42-dispense area sidewall, 44-spigot / nozzle, 46-drain pan, 48-drain grate, 50-drain pipe, 51-drain outlet port, 52-carbonated water button, 54-alkaline water button, 56-cold water button, 58-hot water button, 60-auto fill button, 62- indicator light, 64—controller, 68—dotted line simulating beverage station housing, 70—compressor, 72—freezer expansion line, 74—chilled water storage vessel, 76—insulation, 77—evaporator coil, 78—condenser, 79—fan, 80—water pipeline, 82—water prefilter, 84—water carbon filter, 86—water inlet port, 88—flow meter, 90—main valve, 92—water supply pump, 94—drinking water cooler coil, 96—chilled water valve, 97—chilled water electrical communication line, 98—chilled water line, 99—drain on beverage station housing, 100—ambient water valve, 10 2- alkaline cartridge, 104- alkaline water line, 105- alkaline water electrical communication line, 108- internal carbon dioxide canister, 110- carbon dioxide gas inlet port, 112- carbon dioxide gas valve, 113- carbon dioxide gas electrical communication line, 114- carbon dioxide gas line, 116- carbonated water valve, 118- first splitter, 119- second splitter, 120- carbonator device, 121- second carbonator device, 122- carbonated water line, 124a,b- non-return valve, 126- drain line in cold water containment vessel, 130- internal water filter, 132- cold water coil spring liter, 134 - first carbonated water line, 138 - second carbonated water line, 140 - first connector gas liquid, 142 - second connector gas liquid, 144a,b - venturi, 146 - main power switch, 147 - filter reset button, 148 - power reset button, 150 - hot water valve, 152 - hot water tank, 154 - heater, 156 - temperature sensor, 158 - thermistor, 160 - hot water line, 162 - steam line, 163 - heater electrical communication line, 164 - hot water off switch, 166 - child safety switch, 170 - agitator pump, 171 - electric motor,172-suction port, 174-outlet opening, 175-agitator pump electrical communication line, 178-ice bank, 180-ice temperature sensor, 182-potable water temperature sensor, 183-temperature sensor electrical communication line, 186-outlet tube, 188-water level sensor, 190-float, 192-shaft, 194-water level, 196-chilled water reservoir fill valve, 198-fill line, 200-capillary tube, 202-dryer, 204-main power inlet electrical connection, 206-transformer, 210-alkali cartridge housing, 212-cartridge cap, 214-inlet, 216-outlet, 218-cam type mounting lug, 220—alkali cartridge nozzle, 222—inlet disk, 224—alkali material bed, 226—filter membrane, 228—activated carbon bed, 230—outlet disk, 232—cartridge bottom, 234—center tube, 240—manifold, 242—beverage station door, 244—manifold inlet port, 246—manifold outlet port, 248—manifold cartridge inlet, 250—manifold cartridge outlet, 260—hot tank housing, 261—insulation, 262—hot water containment vessel, 264—steam chamber, 274 - bulkhead, 276 - control tube, 278 - slotted end, 280 - slotted opening, 282 - vent opening, 284 - restrictor opening, 286 - seating recess, 288 - vent tube, 290 - water inlet, 292 - deflector, 294 - hot water drain fitting, 296 - mounting bracket, 298 - hot water tank drain on beverage station housing, 322 - first chamber input port, 324 - first chamber output port, 325 - first glass bead, 326 - second chamber input port, 327 - cartridge, 328 - second chamber output port, 329 - base, 333 - glass bead second chamber of the freezer; 334—first micromesh net; 336—second micromesh net; 350—beverage alignment mechanism; 352—light bar; 354—beverage cup; 356—LED; 401—figure-of-eight evaporator coil; 402—first tubular coil; 402a—first side of coil 402; 402b—opposite side of coil 402; 402c—joint side of coil 402; 402d—connection segment of coil 402; 404—second tubular freezer coil; 404a—first side of coil 404; 404b—opposite side of coil 404; 404c—joint side of coil 404;404d - connecting segment of coil 404, 406 - water reservoir, 408a - first reservoir side wall, 408b - second reservoir side wall, 408c - first reservoir end wall, 408d - second reservoir end wall, 408e - reservoir bottom wall, 410 - insulation, 411a - inlet, 411b - outlet, 412 - first cold water reservoir, 414 - second cold water reservoir, 416 - wall ice bank, 418 - central ice bank, 419 - outlet of water booster reservoir, 420 - inlet of water booster reservoir, 422 - first drinking water cooler coil, 424 - second drinking water cooler coil, 426 - water inlet valve, 428 - leak detector.

[0113] As used herein, relative directions such as up and down, top and bottom, upstream and downstream are relative to the vertical direction when the container shown in Figures 1 and 2 is placed on a horizontal surface. Thus, the opening at the top of the container is above the closed bottom of the container, which opening is upstream of the bottom of the container as the fluid flows downstream from the top to the bottom. Relative directions such as inside and outside, inward and outward are relative to the longitudinal axis of the container. Thus, the sidewall of the container is outward of the longitudinal axis of the container. As used herein, majority refers to more than 50%, substantially majority refers to more than 80%, and substantially all refers to 95% or more. As used herein, "fluid" includes gas dissolved or carried in a liquid.

[0114] 1A-1C, there is shown a beverage station 20 placed on top of a cabinet stand 22 with a door 24. The cabinet stand has feet that rest on the floor. The cabinet stand 22 encloses a carbon dioxide tank 26 having an on / off (or open / close) valve 28 and a carbon dioxide gas pressure and flow regulator 30. A water filter 32 is located inside the cabinet / stand 22 and behind the carbon dioxide gas tank 26. The gas tank 26 and water filter 32 are in fluid communication with the beverage station 20 as will be described below.

[0115] The beverage station 20 has a filling / dispensing area 40, preferably recessed into the front of the beverage station. The filling area 40 has a top and a bottom joined by a sidewall 42, which is typically vertical. A dispensing outlet, referred to for convenience (but not by way of limitation) as a tap (or nozzle) 44, is at the top of the filling area, and a drain pan 46 is at the bottom of the filling area. The drain pan 46 takes the form of a container having an open top, on which a drain grate 48 is removably disposed. The drain pan 46 is in fluid communication with a drain line, during use, typically by means of a drain pipe 50 (FIG. 1D) connected to the bottom of the pan 46. The drain pipe 50 is attached to the base plate of the beverage station and has a connection 51, a removable drain pipe that can be connected in fluid communication with a building drain line.

[0116] Above the top of the filling area 40 are a number of push or touch buttons in electrical communication with the internal components described below to effect the dispensing of different beverages from the beverage station tap 44. The illustrated embodiment has a push or touch button 52 for dispensing carbonated water, a button 54 for dispensing alkaline water, a button 56 for dispensing cold water, a button 58 for dispensing hot water, and an auto-fill button, button 60, for automatically filling a cup, bottle, or container with a predetermined volume (calibrated quality) of water from the beverage station. One or more indicator lights 62 may be provided to provide visual indications regarding the liquid being dispensed through the tap, such as whether the water is hot, whether the water filter is at the end of its life, and other usage information. The touch buttons may be physically movable and displaceable buttons for transmitting an activation signal, or touch screen buttons that use contact between two adjacent sheets to transmit an activation signal, or other types of buttons that transmit a signal when pressed.

[0117] Electrical communication of each dispenser button or activator 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 with the component(s) used to dispense the selected type of beverage is accomplished through electrical communication with a controller 64, the functionality of which is described below in Figures 11A-11E and may be implemented by one or more printed circuit boards having electrical control circuitry. Electrical communication is preferably conveyed through insulated and grounded electrical wires. The controller 64 is also referred to herein as a control module 64.

[0118] The dispensing of cold water will first be described with reference to Figures 2A-2C. Figures 2A-2B show various fluid connections for dispensing different types of water from the tap 44, with Figure 2B being simplified and not showing a refrigerator or freezer unit for chilling the water, and Figure 2C showing the fluid connections associated with dispensing cold water from the tap. The dashed line 68 surrounding portions of Figures 2A-2B indicates the fluid connections and components contained within the beverage station 20.

[0119] The compressor 70 compresses any suitable refrigerant to generate cold fluid for the refrigeration system that freezes a portion of the water bath in the container. The refrigerant is typically rapidly expanded through a nozzle to reduce the temperature of the expanded refrigerant passing through a freezer expansion line 72. The refrigerant line 72 may enter or exit the cold water container 74 through a sealed opening located at the top of the container, designed to prevent the water bath from passing from inside the container and to prevent leakage when the beverage station is moved. The cold water container 74 is typically a watertight container that defines a volume that is filled with a suitable fluid, such as water, that forms an ice bank. The cold water container 74 advantageously has insulation 76 located on various laterally located sides or walls, a top lid or cover, and a bottom of the cold water container 74.

[0120] The cold water containment vessel 74 is sealed to reduce heat dispersion and increase its efficiency, forming a fluid-tight vessel, and has no lid or cover that can be easily removed without at least loosening a number of threaded fasteners. A cover having star drive fasteners that hold the cover to the containment vessel body may be used, or the containment vessel may be permanently sealed. The freezer expansion line 72 typically forms a serpentine path around the inside wall of the containment vessel to create the evaporator coil 77, increasing the heat transfer from the cold freezer line to the wall of the containment vessel, freezing the water bath in contact with the coils of the evaporator coil 77.

[0121] After passing through the chilled water reservoir, the refrigerant in the freezer line 72 enters the suction line and is then compressed by the compressor 70, and once compressed back into its liquid form, it passes through a condenser 78, which typically has one or more fans 79 that blow cold air over the condenser 78.

[0122] The freezer expansion line 72 freezes a portion of the water in the cold water reservoir 74 to form an ice bank adjacent the evaporator coil 77 and maintains the remainder of the liquid water in the reservoir (the water bath) at a temperature preferably close to but above freezing so that the water bath in the reservoir does not freeze. The cold water inside the cold water reservoir 74 may be circulated to reduce localized freezing and improve cooling, as described below. A stirrer, water jets, moving paddles, or rotating propeller-type blades may be used to circulate the water bath in the cold water reservoir.

[0123] 2A-2C, a fluid path for dispensing chilled water is shown. A water source, preferably a municipal water mains connection 80, is reflected in the figure by a representative water faucet. The municipal water source 80 is in fluid communication through various tubes and pipes known in the art, a pre-filter 82 removes selected impurities of a predetermined particle size or other content from the water, and a water carbon filter 84 removes further impurities, often impurities that affect taste. Any type of pre-filter 82 or water filter 84 may be used. Activated carbon filter media may be used for either filter 82 or 84. The specific tubes or pipes that fluidly communicate the various components are not described in detail herein, since such tubes, pipes, and fluid-tight connections are known in the art. As reflected in FIG. 2A, the pre-filter 82 and filter 84 may advantageously be located outside the beverage station 20. The filters are typically located within the cabinet stand 22, so that they are adjacent to the beverage station.

[0124] 2C, 1C, and 1D, the filtered water is placed in fluid communication with the water inlet port 86 of the beverage station 20 at the rear of the beverage station. A flow meter 88 is in fluid communication with the water inlet port 86 and is located upstream of any other fluid connections and immediately downstream of the water inlet port 86. However, the flow meter may be located elsewhere, for example at the tap 44 or immediately upstream of the tap. The flow meter may also be any type of flow meter, but the meter is in electrical communication with the controller 64 to monitor the volume of water entering the beverage station and dispensed by the beverage station. The flow meter 88 is placed in fluid communication with a main valve 90 that may be opened or closed to regulate the flow of fluid through the beverage station. The main valve 90 is preferably a normally closed valve that blocks the flow of fluid through the valve and opens only when a beverage is to be dispensed. The main valve 90 is in fluid communication with a water supply pump 92 that pumps water to a drinking water cooler coil 94 that is submerged in a water bath inside the chilled water storage vessel 74. The cooler coil 94 reduces the temperature of the drinking water, but advantageously does not freeze the drinking water in the cooler coil, because freezing would cause the coil to plug and prevent the drinking water from being dispensed. The drinking water cooler coil 94 is typically made of stainless steel to reduce oxidation, scale buildup, and to avoid contamination. The downstream end of the drinking water cooler coil 94 is in fluid communication with a cold water valve 96 that regulates the flow of cold water through a chilled water line 98 to the faucet 44. The cold water valve 96 is preferably a normally closed valve. The cold water valve 96 is normally in a closed position, blocking the flow of fluid through the valve. Advantageously, as shown in FIGURE 2C, the cold water valve 96, the main valve 90, the water supply pump 92, and the cold water button 56 are in electrical communication to open the valves 90 and 96, power the water supply pump 92, and dispense cold water from the tap 44. The cold water valve 96, the main valve 90, the water supply pump 92, and the cold water button 56 are thus in electrical communication with the controller 64 via electrical communication lines 97 (FIGURE 2C) to control the opening and closing of the appropriate valves to dispense cold water from the tap 44.

[0125] The cold water drain line is in fluid communication with a drain at the bottom of the cold water reservoir and is in fluid communication with a drain outlet 99 (FIGS. 1D, 2A, 2B) to allow for emptying of the water in the cold water reservoir 74 for cleaning, maintenance, moving of the beverage station, or other reasons. The cold water drain outlet 99 is shown as being located at the rear of the beverage station 20, although other locations may be used.

[0126] The flow meter 88 measures the volume of fluid or water entering the beverage station and sends a signal reflecting that information to the control module 64. A main valve 90 can stop or enable all flow through the beverage station's fluid cold water button 56. Depending on which valves are opened or closed in various combinations, a water supply pump 92 pressurizes the fluid lines, thereby causing water to flow through the fluid lines. The water supply pump 92 pumps or pushes water at a predetermined pump pressure into the various fluid lines of the beverage station, including the beverage water cooler coil 94, while a cold water valve 96 regulates the flow of cold water (and filtered water) through the tap 44. The cold water valve 96 is actuated by various means, including electrical, pneumatic, or mechanical means. Preferably, the cold water valve 96 is an electrically operated valve in electrical communication with the button 56, whereby a user can press the button and the cold water valve 96 opens and cold water is dispensed to the tap 44 for as long as the button maintains electrical communication, or for a predetermined time interval determined by an electrical circuit, or until a weight sensor, or a proximity sensor, or a capacitive level sensor positioned under the beverage container sends a shutoff signal indicating that the weight has reached a predetermined level or the sensor has reached an end level or proximity position.

[0127] 2A, 2B, and 2D, the flow path and components for dispensing alkaline water when the alkaline button 54 is pressed are disclosed. Water flows from a water source 80 through filters 82, 84 and inlet port 86, flow meter 88, and main valve 90 to an ambient water control valve 100. Valve 100 is preferably a normally closed ambient water valve that routes filtered tap water through an alkaline water line 104 to an alkaline cartridge 102 that is in fluid communication with the faucet. The alkaline cartridge 102 makes the filtered tap water alkaline by adding one or more dissolved alkaline inorganic salts or electrolytes, including but not limited to calcium magnesium, potassium, manganese, iron, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc, or otherwise making the water slightly acidic and raising the pH of the incoming drinking water to a pH of 7.2 to 10.5. The alkaline cartridge is described below with respect to FIGS. 2D and 5. The fluid line from the main valve 90 advantageously flows through one or more fluid splitters and preferably through a T-intersection with a first fluid channel in fluid communication with the drinking water cooler coil 94 and a second fluid channel in fluid communication with the ambient water valve 100 and the alkaline cartridge 102.

[0128] 2D, 11A, and 11C, the ambient water valve 100 opens and closes, thereby allowing room temperature filtered water to flow through the alkaline cartridge 102. Ambient temperature water dissolves alkaline inorganic salts faster than cold water. The ambient water valve 100 may be actuated by a variety of means, including electrical, pneumatic, or mechanical means. Preferably, the ambient water valve 100 is an electrically actuated valve in electrical communication with the alkaline button 54, such that a user can press the button and the ambient water valve 100 opens and forces ambient temperature water out of the tap 44 through the alkaline cartridge 102 while the button maintains electrical communication, or for a predetermined time interval determined by an electrical circuit, or until a weight sensor, or a capacitive level sensor, or a proximity sensor located under the beverage container transmits a shutoff signal indicating that the level of water being dispensed has reached a predetermined weight threshold or the sensor has reached an end level or proximity position.

[0129] Advantageously, the controller 64 opens both the ambient water valve 100 and the cold water valve 96 so that both alkaline water and ambient temperature water are dispensed at the tap simultaneously. The relative time that the alkalinity control valve 100 remains open or closed, compared to the relative time that the cold water control valve 96 remains open or closed, regulates both the temperature and the amount of alkalinity of the water dispensed by the tap 44. The addition of cold water to the ambient alkaline water results in water that is cooler but less alkaline than if only alkaline water was dispensed.

[0130] The ambient water valve 100, cold water valve 96, main valve 90 and alkaline activation button 54 are in electrical communication to open the appropriate valve and simultaneously dispense alkaline water and cold water from the tap 44. The taste of alkaline water is believed to be improved when consumed below ambient temperature, preferably when it is served at 6° F. to 15° F. below room temperature, and more preferably between 50° F. and 70° F. The temperature can be adjusted as desired by adding cold water to the alkaline water or adding alkaline water to the cold water.

[0131] The ambient water valve 100 is in electrical communication with the controller 64 via an alkaline electrical communication line 105 (FIG. 2D) to control the opening and closing of the appropriate valve for dispensing cold water from the tap 44, with the other valves described being in electrical communication with the controller 64 via a dedicated alkaline water line or cold water electrical communication line 97. The controller 64 may include a timer circuit for dispensing relative amounts of alkaline water and cold water to obtain a desired temperature based on the sensed temperature of the cold water in the cold water receiving vessel and either the ambient temperature or the sensed temperature of the alkaline water, or the assumed temperature of the alkaline water. Advantageously, the pump 92 is not activated during dispensing of alkaline water, and the line pressure of the water source 80 pushes the water out of the alkaline line through the alkaline cartridge. However, the pump 92 may be activated as needed, but is preferably activated at a lower flow rate than that used for cold water, advantageously 10% to 30% of the flow rate used for dispensing cold water. The various temperature sensors do not directly measure or sense temperature per se, but rather technically sense various parameters that may be directly or indirectly correlated to temperature. As used herein, references to detecting, measuring, or sensing temperature include detecting, measuring, or sensing a parameter that correlates with temperature.

[0132] In a further variation, the alkaline cartridge 102 may be omitted or bypassed in the manifold 240, whereby ambient temperature water passes through the ambient water valve 100 and out what would normally be the alkaline water line 104, thereby dispensing filtered ambient temperature water at the tap 44. When the alkaline cartridge 102 and manifold 240 are omitted, the alkaline water line 104 is more properly referred to as the ambient water line.

[0133] 2B, 2E, 11A, and 11D, the flow path and components are disclosed for dispensing carbonated or sparkling water when the carbonated water button 52 is pressed, with carbonation being added by carbon dioxide gas in the pressurized container 26. As previously described, water flows from a water source 80 through filters 82, 84 and inlet port 86 and flow meter 88 and main valve 90. The carbon dioxide gas tank 26 is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide inlet port 110 on the beverage dispenser 20, the port preferably located on the back side of the beverage station. The carbon dioxide inlet port 110 is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide valve 112 located inside the beverage station and in communication with the carbonated water button 52 to regulate the amount of carbon dioxide passing through the valve from the canister 26. The carbon dioxide valve 112 is a normally closed valve in electrical communication with the controller 64 and the carbonation dispense button 52 via carbon dioxide electrical communication line(s) 113 (FIG. 2E). The carbon dioxide valve 112 is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide cooling line 114 that passes through the insulation 76 in the wall of the cold water storage vessel 74 and the cold water inside the vessel, placing the carbon dioxide valve in fluid communication with a carbonated water valve 116 that is also in fluid communication with the cold water line. The carbonated water valve 116 is a normally closed valve in electrical communication with the controller 64 that opens when the carbonated water button 52 is pressed to allow fluid to flow to the tap. The controller 64 is in electrical communication with the main valve 90, as previously described.

[0134] A first splitter 118 is upstream of the cold water valve 96 (FIG. 2E) and is in fluid communication with the carbonated water valve 116 to regulate the amount of cold water that intersects with the chilled carbon dioxide gas line 114 at a second splitter connection 119, such as a T-junction, to mix the cold water with the chilled carbon dioxide, and preferably contains a venturi (not shown in FIG. 2E) within the splitter to enhance mixing of the cold water and the chilled carbon dioxide. If the second splitter 119 does not contain an internal splitter, the venturi preferably follows immediately downstream of the splitter 119. The second splitter connection 119 is in fluid communication with one or more carbonators 120 and 121 that combine the cold water from line 116 with the carbon dioxide gas from line 114 and independently carbonate the cold water. The carbonator(s) 120 are described below. The carbonated water line 122 is in fluid communication with the carbonator(s) 120 and the tap 44. Advantageously, first and second check valves 124a, 124b are on either side of the splitter 119. The check valves 124 allow the cold water and cooled carbon dioxide to flow in only one direction, downstream towards the splitter 119 (FIG. 2E) with a mixing venturi therein. The splitters 118, 119 are shown as being located outside the cold water reservoir 74, but may be located within the cold water reservoir and water bath (as in FIGS. 2A and 2F).

[0135] Carbon dioxide gas valve 112 and carbonated water valve 116 regulate the amount of carbon dioxide gas and cold water flowing to carbonators 120 and 121 and out of carbonated water line 122 to tap 44. Valves 112, 116 may be actuated by a variety of means, including electrical, pneumatic, or mechanical means. Preferably, the valves 112, 116 are electrically actuated and in electrical communication with the carbonated water button 52, allowing a user to press the button and the carbon dioxide gas valve 112 and carbonated water valve 116 open, the main valve 90 also opens, and the water supply pump 92 is powered on to provide a predetermined or adjustable amount of chilled carbon dioxide gas and cold water to the carbonators 120 and 121, which produce sparkling or carbonated water that flows to the tap 44 while the button maintains electrical communication or for predetermined time intervals determined by the electrical circuitry or until a weight sensor or level sensor or proximity sensor positioned under the beverage container sends a shutoff signal indicating the weight has reached a predetermined level or the sensor has reached an end level or proximity position.

[0136] 2A, 2F, 11A, and 11D, alternative flow paths and components for an alternative arrangement for dispensing carbonated or sparkling water when the carbonated water button 52 is pressed are disclosed. As shown in FIG. 2F, carbonation is added by carbon dioxide gas in a pressurized container, an internal carbon dioxide gas canister 108 located inside the beverage station 20. Tap water 80 is in fluid communication with a water inlet port 86, which is in fluid communication with one or more internal water filter(s) 130. The filter(s) may be any type of water filter. Filtered water from the filter(s) 130 is in fluid communication with a flow meter 88 and a main valve 90 and a water supply pump 92. The pump 92 passes the water through a beverage cooler water coil 94, which is submerged in a water bath inside the chilled water receiving vessel 74. The drinking water cooler coil 94 has a cold water coil splitter 132 having a cold water line 98 in fluid communication with a cold water valve 96 located downstream of the cold water storage vessel 74, and releases water to the cold water line 98 and the valve 44, as previously described in FIG. 2C.

[0137] Additionally (FIG. 2F), the cold water coil splitter 132 has a first carbonated water line 134 in fluid communication with a carbonated water valve 116 located outside the cold water storage vessel 74. The carbonated water valve 116 is in fluid communication with one or more carbonators 120 via a second carbonated water line 138. Carbon dioxide gas from line 114 mixes with cold water from line 138 inside the carbonators 120 and 121, and the resulting carbonated or sparkling water flows through carbonated water line 122 to the outside of the cold water storage vessel 74. The second carbonated water line 138 interacts with the carbon dioxide gas cooling line 114 as previously described with respect to FIG. 2E, but in a different configuration as shown in FIG. 2F and described below.

[0138] 2F, beverage station 20 has an internal carbon dioxide gas tank or canister 108 having a carbon dioxide gas pressure and flow regulator 30. Carbon dioxide canister 108 is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide valve 112, which is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide gas cooling line 114, a portion of which is submerged in the water bath of cold water containing vessel 74 as previously described.

[0139] As seen in Figures 2F and the enlarged portions of Figures 3C-3D, the carbon dioxide cooling line 114 containing chilled water and the second carbonated water line 138 are connected to each other by at least one, and preferably two, connectors 140, 142, each of which extends from the carbon dioxide cooling line 114 and crosses and connects with the second carbonated water line 138 containing chilled water. A venturi 144, also referred to herein as a static venturi restriction device, is advantageously located at the junction of each of the connectors 140, 142 with the other lines, and a venturi 144 is located at the junction of two of the connectors 140, 142 in the second carbonated water line 138. 2F, a laterally extending connector 142 has a venturi 144a with a downstream throat that opens into a vertically extending cold water line 138, which has a venturi 144b with a downstream throat that exits at a right angle adjacent the venturi 144a within connector 142. The second connector 140 has a similar configuration.

[0140] The four venturis 144a, 144b mix the cold water and the cooled carbon dioxide and exit the downstream end of the first carbonated water line 138 in fluid communication with the carbonator chambers 120 and 121. The two venturi devices 144b are aligned with the fluid line communicating with the carbonators 120, 121, while the two venturi devices 144a are aligned perpendicular to the fluid line, with the outlets of each venturi device pair 144a, 144b adjacent to each other and perpendicular to each other, achieving what is considered maximum mixing. In some embodiments, only one venturi device is sufficient to accelerate the water from the second carbonated water line 138 and mix it with the carbon dioxide gas from line 114, which is the venturi 144b located at the junction 142. This venturi 144b located downstream of the second carbonated water line 138 is believed to achieve better mixing of the carbon dioxide gas with the cold water, thus achieving improved carbonation. Orienting the junctions of the water line 138 and the carbon dioxide line 114 at right angles to each other is believed to further improve mixing and further increase carbonation of the water. Placing venturis 144a, 144b at the two junctions 140 and 142 of the two lines is believed to further improve mixing and further increase carbonation of the water.

[0141] Although two sets of lines intersecting with two connections 140 and 142 are shown and described, it is believed that one set will suffice. Carbonated water line 122 fluidly connects carbonator(s) 120, 121 to tap 44 for dispensing chilled carbonated water upon activation of carbonated water button 52, as previously described. As seen in the enlarged portion of FIG. 2F, check valves 124a, 124b are located in carbon dioxide gas line (114) and second carbonated water line (138), respectively, to prevent backflow of fluid from mixing caused by venturis 144a and / or 144b.

[0142] 2A, 2B, and 2G, the flow path and components for dispensing hot water when the hot water button 58 is pressed are disclosed. As previously mentioned, water flows from a water source 80 through filters 82, 84, an inlet port 86, a flow meter 88, and a main valve 90. The main valve 90 is placed in fluid communication with a pump 92 (not shown) and a cold water receiving vessel 74 (not shown). However, the main valve 90 is also placed in fluid communication with a hot water valve 150 which controls the flow of ambient temperature water from the main valve 90 to a hot tank 152 having an electrical resistance heating element 154 and a temperature sensor and regulation mechanism, preferably including a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sensor 156 (thermistor) with water temperature measurement to regulate the hot water temperature in communication with the controller 64, and a back-up temperature sensor 158, such as a thermostat, to send a signal to the controller 64 to shut off the heater if the temperature is too high and exceeds a predefined temperature threshold. In this manner, the heater 154 heats the water in the hot water tank, the temperature being controlled by the NTC 156, with an appropriate circuit in the controller 64 in electrical communication with the thermostat 158 ​​as a safety shutoff of the heater when the temperature gets too high, in the event of an NTC malfunction.

[0143] The hot water valve 150 is in fluid communication with a hot water tank 152, which heats water to a predetermined temperature, and is in fluid communication with the tap 44 through a hot water line 160 and through a steam line 162. The heated water flows through the hot water line 160 to the tap 44. The steam line 162 acts as a vent line that allows the hot water to return to the hot water tank 152 after the end of the dispense, so that the column or fluid line filled with hot water does not have a specific fluid contact with the tap 44, thus avoiding the tap from being continuously heated to a high temperature. In addition, it is avoided that a large amount of hot water remains in the line 160 when the dispenser is not in use and cools down over time. Thus, when the next user selects hot water from the dispenser, he will first get the water remaining in the line 160 that is cooled, and therefore, when dispensing, the remaining water in this part of the line 160 will reduce the temperature of the hot water dispensed at the tap. The vent line 162 avoids this undesirable possibility. Further description of the high temperature tank 152 and its construction is provided below.

[0144] The hot water valve 150 regulates the amount of water that flows into the hot water tank 152 and ultimately the amount of water that can flow out of the tap 44. The hot water valve 150 can be actuated by a variety of means including electrical, pneumatic or mechanical means. Preferably, the hot water valve 150 is electrically actuated and in electrical communication with the hot water button 58, whereby a user can press the button and the hot water valve 150 opens to provide a predetermined or adjustable volume of hot water to the tap 44 while the button maintains electrical communication or for a predetermined time interval determined by an electrical circuit or until a weight sensor, or a capacitance level sensor, or a proximity sensor positioned under the beverage container sends a shutoff signal indicating that the weight has reached a predetermined level or the sensor has reached an end level or proximity position.

[0145] 2G, 11A, and 11E, the thermostat 158, thermistor 156, heater 154, hot water button 58, and hot water valve 150 are in electrical communication such that when button 58 is activated, it opens valve 150 along with main valve 90 to dispense hot water from tap 44 and regulates the temperature of the water to prevent excessive hot water or damage to heater tank 152. Advantageously, these electrical communications are via various heater electrical lines 163 (FIG. 2G) that are dedicated to the respective sensors, thermistors, thermostats, heaters, and two valves involved in dispensing hot water at a given temperature. A hot water off switch is also provided so that the hot water heater 154 can be shut off to conserve energy when it is expected that hot water will not be used for an extended period of time. Additionally, a child safety switch 166 may be provided that disables the hot water valve 150 (FIG. 2G) to prevent a child from accidentally dispensing hot water while still powering the hot water heater 154 and leaving hot water available (FIG. 1D). An adult can turn the child safety switch 166 off to dispense hot water using the hot water button 58, and then turn the child safety switch back on once the desired hot water has been dispensed. Alternatively, software code may be provided such that touching an arrangement of buttons in a particular way will enable (or engage) the child safety switch, but the code allows for a temporary bypass of the child safety switch to dispense hot water only once. The code reduces the problem of disengaging the child safety switch and then forgetting to re-engage it after hot water has been dispensed. The hot water off switch 164 and the child safety switch 166 are in electrical communication with the controller 64 via separate electrical lines not shown. The child safety switch 166 and hot water off switch 164 are shown located at the rear of the beverage station 20 (see FIG. 1D), although other locations on the beverage station may be used. Additionally, an indicator light 62 may be provided to indicate whether water is available or whether the child safety switch has been enabled. A red indicator light 62 is believed to be preferred to indicate that hot water is available.When the hot water light 62 is off it also indicates that the child safety is enabled. When the light is on, the child safety is disabled and hot water may be dispensed.

[0146] 2A, 2F, and 4A, a configuration is shown that includes one or two agitator pumps 170. Each agitator pump 170 is believed to improve the convection coefficient between the ice bank and the water bath over commonly used stirrers, water jets, moving paddles, or rotating propeller-type blades. The agitator pumps have the advantage of being submersible, taking water from a specific direction (inlet flow) and directing the water in another specific direction (outlet flow). Specifically, the agitator pumps can be positioned to take water close to the drinking water cooler coil 94 and direct the outflow water towards the ice bank wall and the evaporator coil. Submersible agitator pumps have been designed that can direct the outflow to avoid directing water towards the temperature sensor.

[0147] Preferably, the agitator pump includes a submersible agitator electric motor 171 (FIG. 4A) that draws in water through an axial port or opening 172, which is optionally but preferably a nozzle, and expels the water out a series of radial outlet ports or openings 174. The number of radial openings may vary, but at least four openings are considered necessary, each of which directs a water outlet valve that directs the water outflow towards one of the four walls of the chilled water containing vessel on which the ice bank walls are formed. In this way, the first port, the intake port 172, has a flow path along the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil 94, and the second outlet port or opening 174 forms a flow path outward from that axis (see FIG. 4A). The two suction ports or nozzles 172 of the two agitators 170 of Fig. 4A advantageously extend along the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil 94 and are opposite each other, so that the flow path of the cold water entering the nozzles extends parallel along an axis extending between the nozzles and the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil 94. The two opposing agitators 170 circulate the water bath inside the cold water storage vessel 74, moving the cold water from the drinking water cooler coil to the ice bank 178 and back towards the drinking water cooler coil 94, thereby enabling heat exchange between the ice and the drinking water by forced thermal convection. The two agitators 170 are advantageously directly opposite and aligned with a vertical axis, with the inlet ports 172 forming the suction nozzles. The suction nozzle 172 draws water in along the central axis of the containment vessel and along the central axis of the drinking water cooler water coil 94, causing the temperature of the water in the water bath to increase, while both agitator pumps expel water outwardly and away from the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil 94 through various round openings or ports 174, preferably radially from the ports or openings 174 toward the ice bank. The flow paths of the agitator pumps, inlet ports 172, and outlet openings 174 advantageously create a spherical flow pattern that circulates outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the drinking water coil, toward and over the drinking water cooler coil 94, upward toward the center of the containment vessel, and then inwardly and backward toward the water discharging nozzle of the same pump.Each agitator pump 170 advantageously creates a circulating, spherical flow extending about halfway between the two agitators 170 with the flow paths indicated by the arrows in Figure 4A. Other flow paths may be created by angling the agitators 170 differently.

[0148] The agitator 170 serves to enhance the heat exchange between the ice bank and the water bath inside the cold water reservoir. The water inside the reservoir is kept just above the freezing point. The thickness of the ice bank 178, and generally the amount of ice formed around the evaporator coil inside the cold water reservoir, is controlled by the NTC 180 in FIG. 4A. As the ice bank melts during the heat exchange process with the water bath, it provides the necessary latent heat to the system and acts as a heat sink to keep the water temperature low during periods of high demand. The ice 178 forms around the evaporator coil 77 and typically follows a serpentine path across the inside surface of the water reservoir sidewalls, so that the walls of the ice bank 178 extend inwardly from the evaporator coil 77, and the top and bottom of the water reservoir are typically not frozen. Over time, the ice bank 178 extends inward toward the center of the chilled water containment vessel 74 and away from the vessel walls to form an ice bank 178 that surrounds the vertical, cylindrical arrangement of the beverage water cooler coil 94. The refrigeration circuit and agitator 170 is operated and controlled such that the thickness of the ice bank 178 does not encase the various fluid pipes and connections within the beverage water cooler coil 94 and cause the fluids therein to freeze.

[0149] Prior art beverage stations use an agitator 170 that is activated for a predetermined period of time after liquid is dispensed from the tap, or simply based on the growth of the ice bank 178. Advantageously, the operation of the agitator 170 is controlled based on the temperature of the beverage cooler coil 94, measured in a water bath adjacent to the beverage cooler coil. A second NTC thermistor 182 is used to measure the temperature of the beverage water. With reference to FIG. 4A, the cold water containing vessel has a first temperature sensor 180 (NTC) located at a predetermined distance from the evaporator coil 77 to regulate the ice thickness, and at least one second temperature sensor 182 (NTC) located on the outer surface and closely attached or connected to the beverage cooler coil 94. The sensor 182 is a beverage water temperature sensor, advantageously measuring the temperature at or adjacent to the beverage cooler coil 94. For more accurate temperature measurement of the beverage cooler coil, an in-line temperature sensor may be placed directly inside the beverage cooler coil itself. When used in these temperature measurements within the cold water containing vessel 74, temperature "adjacent" to the object means temperature within 5 mm and various subranges of the object.

[0150] The second temperature sensor 182 is advantageously an NTC sensor having an electrical resistance that decreases as the temperature increases, although other sensor types may be used. When the water temperature, as detected by the drinking water temperature sensor 182, approaches the freezing point at the location of the drinking water cooler coil 94, power to the agitator electric motor 171 is cut off and the agitator 170 stops circulating the water in the cold water receiving vessel 74. It is considered unusual and advantageous to control the operation of the agitator 170 so as to stop the circulation of the cold water, and therefore the transport of heat from the drinking water cooler coil 94, and prevent freezing of the drinking water that must flow inside the drinking water cooler coil 94. At the same time, if the agitator 170 continues to operate, the agitator 170 gradually reduces the thickness of the ice bank when the dispenser is not in use.

[0151] A first temperature sensor 180 inside the cold water containing vessel 74, also referred to as ice temperature sensor 180, is located parallel to the wall of the cold water containing vessel 74 and allows ice to grow around the evaporator coil, but is spaced a predetermined distance from the wall and from the evaporator coil 77 in a position that will stop refrigeration by turning off the freezer compressor 70 (see FIG. 11A ), which is electrically connected to the controller 64, when the thickness of the ice bank reaches the ice temperature sensor 180. The ice temperature sensor 180 is positioned so that its outwardly facing surface facing the evaporator coil 77 will provide the desired wall thickness of the ice bank 178. As ice accumulates on the inner walls of the vessel 74 and the evaporator coil 77, the thickness of the ice increases inside the cold water containing vessel 94 by freezing a bath of cold water near the evaporator coil. When the ice bank 178 expands and contacts the ice temperature sensor 180, the sensed temperature is freezing (below 32°F or 0°C) and the ice temperature sensor 180 sends an electrical signal to the controller 64, which results in the power to the compressor 70 and fan 79 of the refrigeration system being cut off, the active cooling of the refrigerant in the freezer expansion line 72 ceasing, and the evaporator coil stopping freezing the water bath around it. The fan 79 for the heat exchanger is also shut off. The shut off temperature can be varied as long as the temperature correlates to the desired thickness of the ice bank 178 or the desired volume of ice in the ice bank 178. The shut off temperature is below 0°C (corresponding to the freezing temperature of water at atmospheric pressure). The range in which the NTC 180 preferably operates is between -3.0°C and +1.0°C. In the temperature interval between -3.0°C and -0.5°C, the refrigeration system (compressor 70 and fan 79) is powered off by the controller 64 which receives temperature information from the NTC 180. Instead, at temperatures between 0.1° C. and 2.0° C., the controller 64 activates the refrigeration system (by powering both the compressor 70 and the fan 79), thus allowing new ice to form around the evaporator coil 77. Depending on the routing of the evaporator coil 77, the size, shape, and location of the ice bank 178 may vary, but the freezer expansion line 72 and evaporator coil 77 are designed to produce ice of a uniform thickness over a known area, so that melting of the ice may be predicted, and so that the thermal balance between the ice and the temperature of the water bath in the containment vessel 74 may be predicted.

[0152] The agitator electric motor(s) 171 are in electrical communication with the controller 64 via agitator electrical communication line 175 (FIG. 4A). The drinking water temperature sensor 182 and the ice temperature sensor 180 are also in electrical communication with the controller 64 via temperature sensor electrical communication line 183. The controller 64 contains circuitry to both operate the refrigeration system (compressor 70 and fan 79) to control the ice bank thickness and to operate (power on or off) the agitator(s) 170 to control the drinking water temperature in the drinking water cooler coil 94 independently and separately.

[0153] A drinking water temperature sensor 182 positioned adjacent to or inside the drinking water cooler coil 94 measures the temperature of the drinking water in the coil 94 directly (if inside) or indirectly by a method of calculating the conductivity of stainless steel, the material from which the walls of the water cooler coil are made. At water temperatures above a certain threshold water temperature called the lower temperature point (LTP) (0.01°C to 1.5°C, preferably 0.1°C to 1.1°C, particularly preferably just 0.6°C), the agitator(s) 170 are operated. At water temperatures below a certain threshold water temperature called the upper temperature point (UTP) (0.3°C to 3.0°C, preferably 0.7°C to 1.7°C, particularly preferably just 1.2°C), the agitator(s) 170 are powered off by the controller 64. Thus, preferably, at temperatures above the LTP the agitator(s) 170 are operated, and at temperatures below the UTP the agitator(s) 170 are not operated. This is believed to avoid the latent heat from the ice bank being wasted without being used efficiently to reduce the temperature of the drinking water. In the range of temperatures between the LTP and UTP, called the earband, the agitator(s) will not operate if they were not operating and will remain inactive until the temperature of the drinking water in the cooler coil 94 reaches the UTP at which point the agitator(s) receive a signal to start operating. The agitator pump continues to operate until the temperature of the drinking water drops. In this process, when the temperature drops from above the UTP, the agitator(s) 170 will continue to operate until the LTP is reached. At this point, the controller 64 shuts off the agitator(s). In summary, below the LTP, the agitator(s) will not operate. Above the UTP, the agitator(s) will operate. In the temperature ear-band between LTP and TP, the agitator(s) continue to operate if they were previously operating (because the drinking water temperature was above UTP), and the agitator(s) remain idle if they were not previously operating (because the drinking water temperature was below LTP). In the temperature range between UTP and LTP, the agitator(s) remain in their existing operating or non-operating state.

[0154] In another variation, the agitator speed varies with drinking water temperature. The agitator speed increases with increasing temperature. Below the LTP, the agitator(s) do not operate. Above the LTP, the agitator starts operating at a speed proportional to the increase in temperature of the drinking water inside the cooler coil, as detected by the temperature sensor 182. The speed variation of the agitator electric motor 171 is controlled by the controller 64.

[0155] Referring to FIG. 4A, another embodiment uses two agitator pumps 170, both of which operate above the UTP, neither of the two agitator pumps operates below the LTP, and only one agitator pump operates within the temperature range between the UTP and LTP.

[0156] 4B-4E, one or more of the outlet openings 174 of the agitator pump 170 may have outlet tubes 186 for directing flow from the outlet port 174 to avoid direct impingement on one or more of the temperature sensors (e.g., 180, 182) in the cold water containing vessel 74. The illustrated agitator pump 170 is shown as a cylindrical tube with four hollow fins forming four outlet tubes 186. Each outlet tube 186 extends outwardly from the axis of rotation at an oblique angle to the circumference of the cylindrical tube, thereby providing two pairs of substantially parallel fins or outlet tubes 186, resulting in an outlet opening every 90°, each directed toward one of the walls of the cold water containing vessel 74. The four fins or outlet tubes 186 are hollow and open into the hollow interior of the pump housing. Each of the four fins or outlet tubes 186 has a rectangular cross-section, although other cross-sectional shapes may be used.

[0157] The rotor of the agitator pump (FIG. 4E) is shown as having four curved flutes evenly spaced around the rotating drive shaft, which fit inside a cylindrical housing. The agitator shaft and rotor rotate at high speed (at least 3,000 rpm), causing water from the cold water bath to be drawn through the bottom of the agitator pump through a vertically oriented suction port 172 and forced out of an outlet opening 174 after being accelerated by the turbopropeller-shaped rotor of the agitator pump 170. The cold water passes through each of the four fins or outlet tubes 186, as shown by the water inlet and outlet arrows in FIG. 4D. The four fins or outlet tubes 186 are then positioned to direct the water flow outward in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil 94 and parallel to the vertically undulating drinking water cooler coil 94. The water circulation path is established by the shape of the outlet tube 186 and the containment vessel 74 such that the path does not cause the water to flow directly from the outlet tube 186 to one of the temperature sensors (e.g., 180, 182); instead, the flow path eventually impinges on a portion of the ice bank 178, or a portion of the evaporator coil 77 around which the ice bank forms, before reaching the vicinity of the temperature sensor.

[0158] Four fins or outlet tubes 186 are shown in Figures 4B-4E, a configuration that may be advantageously used when there are four chilled water temperature sensors (e.g., NTC sensors 180, 182), one sensor adjacent each corner of a chilled water containing vessel having a square cross section, so that each of the four fins or four outlet tubes may be oriented toward the center of the space between each pair of adjacent temperature sensors. This arrangement works particularly well when the beverage cooler coil 94 has a vertically oriented undulating coil as in Figures 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E, rather than a generally horizontally oriented coil as in Figures 3B, 3C, and 4A, and especially when the coil 94 has spaces where the fins or outlet tubes may terminate or even protrude as shown in the figures. Thus, the water discharged in four directions easily passes through the vertically oriented coils of the drinking water cooler coil 94 and directly impinges on the four walls of the chilled water storage vessel 74, and an ice bank 178 grows around the evaporator coil 77.

[0159] A single agitator pump is shown having four fins or outlet tubes 186 targeted at each wall of the rectangular containment vessel 74 and the center of the ice banks 178 associated with each wall, and between each pair of temperature sensors (e.g., 180, 182). Although a single agitator pump is shown in Figures 4B-4E, a pair of agitator pumps, each with an outlet tube 186, may be used, as in Figure 4A. One or more of the outlet ports 174 in Figure 4A may each have an outlet tube 186 thereon, which may be cylindrical in shape to mate with the circular outlet opening shown in Figure 4A, or the outlet tube 186 may have an annular passageway transitioning to a rectangular outlet.

[0160] 2A, 2F, and 4A, the water fill flow path inside the cold water storage vessel 74 will be described. A water level sensor 188 (FIG. 4A) is connected to the storage vessel to measure the water level inside the storage vessel. The water level sensor 188 is preferably connected to the top of the storage vessel, but may be mounted to the side of the storage vessel or a component enclosed within the storage vessel. The illustrated water level sensor 188 has a shaft 192 that extends downwardly a sufficient distance to allow a float 190 that is slidable on the shaft to move up and down. As the water level 194 (FIG. 4A) rises or falls, the float 190 moves up and down. When the water level 194 falls below a predetermined level, the water level sensor 190 sends an electrical signal to the controller 64, which operates to open the valve 96 to add water to the interior of the cold water storage vessel 74. Instead of a vertically moving float 190, a lever that extends generally horizontally and has a float at its end may be used. Other water level sensors are known in the art and can also be used to signal when the water level 194 inside the containment vessel falls below a desired level, which is when the water bath completely covers the evaporator coil 77 and the drinking water cooler coil 94.

[0161] 2A and 2B, the water flow path for adding water to the cold water reservoir 74 will be described. A cold water reservoir fill solenoid valve 196 is downstream of and in fluid communication with the flow meter 88. The cold water reservoir fill solenoid valve 196 is also in fluid communication with the interior of the cold water reservoir through a water fill line 198 which advantageously passes over the insulation and top cover or lid or wall of the cold water reservoir 74. An electrical signal from the water level sensor 188 (FIG. 4A) indicating that water is needed opens the cold water reservoir fill solenoid valve 196 and allows water to flow from the valve into the fill line 198 to add water to the interior of the cold water reservoir until the water bath level 194 reaches a predetermined threshold. When the water level sensor 188 indicates that the water level is at a predetermined level, the float 190 rises sufficiently to cause the sensor 188 to send an electrical signal to the controller 64, which in turn closes the cold water reservoir fill solenoid valve 196, blocking the flow of water through the fill line 198 to the reservoir 74.

[0162] The beverage station 20 is shipped without water in the cold water reservoir 74. The cold water reservoir 74 is preferably sealed to prevent unintentional liquid ingress or egress and to prevent fluid in the cold water reservoir 74 from spilling if the beverage station is tilted. The water level sensor 188 and water reservoir fill solenoid valve 196 and fill line 198 allow water to be added automatically, thus avoiding manual conveying and pouring of water into the cold water reservoir and avoiding water splashing and spilling on electronic and mechanical components when personnel install, set up, or service the equipment. When power to the beverage station 20 is activated, the water level sensor 188 indicates that the cold water reservoir is low on water, which results in the cooling bucket valve 196 opening until the cold water reservoir 74 is filled and the float 190 rises to a predetermined level, sending an electrical signal to close the valve 196 and shut off the water. As water is lost through evaporation and the water level 194 in the reservoir 74 drops, the water level sensor 188 may send a signal to the controller 64 to automatically add more water to maintain the water level 194 within a predetermined range.

[0163] A user can press the auto-fill button 60 or any predetermined button arrangement (FIG. 1) to cause the system to check the water level 194 in the cold water reservoir using the water level sensor 188, and the signal received from that sensor can be used by the controller 64 to raise the water level and perform a fill cycle to top it off. This manual check and fill provides a redundant system in case the user believes the system will not automatically refill, or the user wants to ensure the cold water reservoir is full, so that a maximum volume of water is available in the cold water reservoir during periods when high usage of cold water from the cold water coil 94 is expected. This manually activated solution and associated circuitry for manually activating the water level sensor 188 and potential fill cycle is an alternative to an automatic fill.

[0164] The various water lines and electrical connections for the components housed inside the containment vessel 74 preferably pass through a sealed opening in the top of the containment vessel 74 and through the insulation thereover. Several wires for such electrical communication are shown in the figures, and various fluid lines are shown in the figures. Such sealed connections are known and are not described in detail herein. It is believed that a sealed cold water containment vessel 74 provides advantages other than avoiding the risk of adding water to the containment vessel surrounded by electrical connections and fluid lines. With the water level 194 in the cold water containment vessel being controlled, the ice bank 178 will be more consistent in performance since it will have a more uniform thickness and volume which will maintain the temperature of the cold water in the containment vessel at a more specific temperature and the temperature of the dispensed beverage at a more uniform temperature. Additionally, the sealed water reservoir 74 also reduces leakage of water from the reservoir to the surrounding environment, including its electrical and fluid connections, as may occur if the beverage station 20 is tilted during repositioning of the beverage station or if the beverage station is on a tilting and rocking vehicle, boat, or watercraft.

[0165] Forming a sealed water reservoir 74 is not disclosed in detail. However, advantageously, the reservoir may be formed with welded seams and provided with a top lid having suitable sealed passages for fluid lines and electrical wires. Rubber or silicone or other elastomeric sealing passages are known and a viscous sealant that hardens over time may also be used to seal such passages for fluid lines and electrical wires in the lid or reservoir. A ring seal, such as an O-ring seal or labyrinth seal, may surround the reservoir lid or top and provide a fluid-tight seal to the reservoir / reservoir sidewall.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 3A, the refrigeration system is shown in more detail. The compressor 70 compresses the refrigerant into a liquid and passes it through the freezer expansion line or evaporator coil. The freezer expansion line 72 (i.e., the evaporator coil) is shown in FIG. 3 as being wound into a cylindrical shape with a generally square cross section to create the evaporator coil. As the refrigerant passes through the freezer expansion line, it turns into a gas and absorbs heat from the water or ice inside the containment vessel. The gaseous refrigerant returns to the compressor and the cycle begins again with the compression of the refrigerant. The heat generated by the compressor 70 is dissipated by a heat exchanger 78 and a fan 79, which transfer the heat to air blown through the exchanger 78 by the fan 79. A capillary tube 200 in the refrigerant flow circuit restricts the flow of a predetermined amount of refrigerant to change the temperature. Also, a dryer 202 in the refrigerant flow circuit removes moisture from the refrigerant. After the condenser, the refrigerant enters the dryer 202 and the capillary tube 200 (low pressure side) and then again into the water reservoir where heat exchange occurs with the water bath inside the water reservoir, and the cycle repeats. The illustrated coil also advantageously shows an ice temperature sensor 180 located at a predetermined distance from the evaporator coil 77 (here a square coil) to control the thickness of the ice bank 178 (FIG. 4A).

[0167] 1D, 2A, and 2F, the beverage station 20 has an electrical connection 204, preferably at the rear of the beverage station, for powering the various electrical components and sensors within the beverage station. A standard electrical socket configured to connect to the building's electrical line via an appropriate electrical cord is believed to be suitable. The electrical connection 204 provides power to the various valves, pumps, controllers (e.g., controller 64), lights, and other electrically powered devices. Advantageously, the electrical connection 204 is in electrical communication with a transformer 206 (FIG. 11A) that reduces the electrical line voltage (120V AC or 240V AC) to a smaller direct current voltage. A DC voltage of 24VDC is believed to be suitable, and most or all of the various electrically powered components and sensors used herein may advantageously be configured to operate at that DC voltage. The electric heating element 154 may operate at a higher line voltage, or at a higher DC voltage.

[0168] Alkaline Cartridge

[0169] The alkaline cartridge 102 will now be described in more detail with reference to Figure 5. Alkaline cartridges are similar to water filter cartridges, except that the content of the filter material is varied. Such water filter cartridges are described in various patents, including U.S. Patent Nos. 7,763,170 and 8,182,699. The complete contents of all published and unpublished patent applications identified herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0170] The alkaline cartridge 102 is typically cylindrical and has a cartridge housing 210 extending along a longitudinal axis. The alkaline cartridge 102 has a cap 212 having a fluid inlet 214 and a fluid outlet 216. In the illustrated embodiment, the cap 212 is cylindrical and extends from a top end of the cartridge and has cammed mounting lugs 218 extending radially outward from at least two opposing sides of the cap. Each cammed lug 218 has a contoured upper surface configured to mate with a corresponding surface in a manifold in a beverage station, as described below. The fluid inlets and outlets 214, 216 are coaxial and extend along the longitudinal axis of a nozzle 220 that extends from the center of the cap along the longitudinal axis of the cartridge. The nozzle 220 typically has one or more ring seals, such as O-ring seals, surrounding the nozzle to form a fluid seal with a mating surface in a manifold, as described below. In the illustrated embodiment, the inlet 214 is an annular passage surrounding a centrally located cylindrical outlet passage 216, although the order and flow direction can be reversed. Also, other nozzle configurations can be used, including physically separated nozzles in different portions of the cap for each of the inlet and outlet.

[0171] The water inlet 214 is preferably in fluid communication with an inlet distribution disk 222, which is shown as having a circular periphery with a plurality of axially aligned passages extending through the disk. An annular rim extends upwardly around the periphery of the disk. The disk and rim are sized to fit fluid-tightly inside the (preferably cylindrical) housing 210. Water entering from the inlet 214 impinges on the disk 222, spreads outward, and passes axially through the disk. The annular rim confines the outwardly flowing water to the top surface of the disk and redirects the water inwardly through the axially aligned passages.

[0172] The alkaline material bed 224 is located below the disk 222, which advantageously restrains the upper portion of the material bed to hold it in place within the cartridge housing 210. The alkaline material bed 224 advantageously includes inorganic ceramic balls made of alkaline material, sometimes referred to as tourmaline balls, which are advantageously made of porous ceramic. Various alkaline inorganic salts may be mixed with a ceramic material or other binder and sintered to form particles, preferably spherical balls. Binders such as silica sol, polyvinyl alcohol, and kaolin are believed to be suitable. A ceramic composition comprising 10-30 wt% Al2O3, 10-30 wt% SiO2, 0.1-1 wt% P2O5, 0.1-5 wt% K2O, 0.1-5 wt% TiO2, 0.1-0.5 wt% Fe2O3, 1-10 wt% ZrO2, 0.1-1 wt% AgO, 0.1-1 wt% ZnO, 1-5 wt% Na2O, 0.5-10 wt% CaSO3, 5-20 wt% calcium oxide antibacterial agent, and 0.1-2 wt% binder is believed to be suitable. The binder may include silica sol, poly(vinyl alcohol), and kaolin.

[0173] Various alkaline inorganic salts and / or electrolytes may be powdered, rolled into spheres or balls, preferably with a suitable binder, and sintered or fired to hold the materials together. As the water passes through the alkaline bed 224 it dissolves the alkaline materials. Alkaline materials include calcium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, iron, phosphorus, sodium, and zinc. Others may be used. The alkaline bed 224 is designed so that the water passing through the bed and exiting the alkaline cartridge 102 has a pH of 7.2 to 10.0.

[0174] After passing through the alkaline bed 224, the alkaline water passes through a filter 226, preferably an ultrafiltration layer and / or a nanofiltration layer or membrane. The filter 226 is layered between the bed of alkaline material 224 and a bed of activated carbon 228, preferably granular activated carbon (GAC). A second bottom disk 230 is located below the bed of activated carbon 228 and holds the bottom of the bed. The bottom disk 230 is advantageously sealed against the inner surface of the housing 210 and has a plurality of passages extending therethrough and axially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cartridge 102. The bottom disk 230 advantageously has a downwardly extending annular rim that surrounds the periphery of the lower disk 230 to form a chamber between the portion of the disk having the passages and the closed bottom 232 of the cartridge 102.

[0175] The central tube 234 extends along the longitudinal axis of the alkaline cartridge 102 and fluidly connects the bottom chamber of the cartridge to the outlet 216. During use, water enters the inlet 214 and flows downward. The water is spread by the top disk 222 over the top of the alkaline material bed 224. The filter layer 210 removes inorganic particles from the water, making it smoother and improving its taste as the water passes downward through the activated carbon layer 228. In addition, the GAC slows down the flow of alkaline inorganic salts, avoiding or reducing sudden changes in alkalinity due to the sudden release of inorganic salts in the water. After passing through the charcoal bed 228, the filtered water collects in the bottom chamber between the bottom disk 230 and the bottom of the cartridge 102, and flows up the central tube 234 and out the outlet 216.

[0176] The alkaline cartridge 102 is removably connected to a manifold 240 mounted to the beverage station. As seen in Figure 1, the beverage station 20 has an access door 250 on one side of the beverage station that allows access to the alkaline cartridge 102 to be removed from the manifold 240 and replaced with a new alkaline cartridge when the alkaline bed 224 is depleted or the cartridge otherwise needs to be replaced.

[0177] 2D and 5, the manifold 240 has an inlet port 244 in fluid communication with the ambient water valve 102 for receiving a flow of water when the valve is open. The manifold 240 also has an outlet port 246 in fluid communication with the plug 44 via the alkaline line 104. The bottom of the manifold has a receiving recess (not shown) configured to receive and mate with the nozzle 220 and its surrounding O-ring to form a fluid tight connection between the manifold 240 and the alkaline cartridge 102. The bottom of the manifold has a receiving and retention feature (not shown) having a flange positioned to mate with the cammed mounting lug 218 to retain the alkaline cartridge from being pushed axially out of the manifold 240 by water pressure.

[0178] During use, the access door 242 (FIG. 1) is opened and the used alkaline canister 102 is rotated to disengage the lugs 218 from the manifold 240 and the canister is removed. A new canister 102 is inserted into the manifold and rotated to engage the lugs 218 with mating surfaces in the manifold and seal the cartridge nozzle 220 to the mating surfaces in the manifold. Fresh water flows into the manifold inlet port 244, out the manifold cartridge outlet 250 and then into the cartridge inlet 216. After passing through the various beds 224, 228 and filters 210 in the alkaline cartridge, the alkaline water now flows up the central tube 234, out the cartridge outlet 216, into the manifold cartridge inlet 248, and then out the manifold outlet 246 and into the alkaline water line 104.

[0179] High temperature water tank

[0180] 2A, 2G, and 6A-6B, the high temperature tank 152 will be described. The high temperature tank 152 has a tank housing 260 with insulation 261 on at least a portion of the housing's exterior surface. The tank housing 260 encloses a high temperature water containing vessel 262 at a lower or bottom portion of the housing and a steam chamber 264 at an upper or top portion of the tank housing. The tank housing 260 is shown as having a rectangular configuration with insulation 261 on the upper and lower surfaces of the tank housing, although other configurations can be used. The heater 154 extends upwardly from the bottom of the tank housing 260 and is located near a first end of the housing 260. The heater 154 advantageously includes an electrical resistance heating element enclosed within a stainless steel enclosure to reduce scale deposition on the outside of the heater when immersed in the water to be heated.

[0181] The heater 154 extends upward into the hot water vessel a predetermined distance. A temperature sensor 156, preferably a thermistor, more preferably an NTC sensor, extends from the end wall into the hot water vessel. The temperature sensor is preferably an NTC sensor in a stainless steel housing and is advantageously located in close proximity (within 1 mm) to the flat top of the heater 150, preferably in physical contact with the top of the heater 150. A temperature spike at the temperature sensor 156 when it comes into contact or nearly into contact with the heater 150 may indicate a low water level in the hot water vessel 262. The temperature sensor 156 is in electrical communication with the controller 64, which uses the sensor's signal to either apply or remove power to the heating element 268 to maintain the temperature of the water in the hot water vessel 262 within a predetermined temperature range. A controller 64 that activates the heating element 26° C. at 170° F. and cuts off power at 210° F. or 99° C. is believed to be suitable.

[0182] The thermostat 158 ​​is located in the end wall of the tank housing 260 adjacent the heater 150. If the temperature sensor in the thermostat 158 ​​fails and the water in the hot water reservoir 262 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the thermistor 156 sends a signal to the controller 64, which cuts off the power to the heating element. A layer of water separates the thermostat 158 ​​from the adjacent heater 150, and the thermostat senses the temperature of the water, preferably the temperature of the heater and the bottom end of the hot water reservoir. The thermostat 158 ​​regulates the temperature of the heater 154. The thermostat 158 ​​measures the temperature of the water, and may be mounted anywhere else in the hot water reservoir, so long as it is submerged most of the time. The thermostat 158 ​​normally opens an electrical circuit and cuts off the power to the heater 154 if the temperature of the hot water reservoir exceeds 100°C. The maximum temperature can vary, and it is not uncommon for other water heaters in the beverage station to have a maximum temperature of 120°C.

[0183] The steam chamber 264 is separated from the hot water containing vessel 262 by a bulkhead 274 that separates the hot water containing vessel 262 from the steam chamber 264. A first tube, a control tube 276, has a first end that extends through the top side of the hot tank housing 260 so that the first end is located outside the tank housing 260 and may be connected to the hot water line 160. The control tube 276 has an opposite second end, referred to as a slotted end 278, that is in fluid communication with both the hot water containing vessel 262 and the steam chamber 264. The slotted end 278 extends along the longitudinal axis of the control tube 276 and has a number of slots 280 that extend through the wall of the hollow tube. In the illustrated embodiment, four equally spaced slots 280 are used. The control tube 276 is preferably stainless steel to reduce corrosion and scale deposits that may change the slot dimensions over time.

[0184] A vent opening 282 also extends through the wall of the control tube 276 near the end of the slot 280. The vent opening 282 is small enough to prevent water from dripping out of the control tube when it fills with hot water, and provides an air passage to prevent air locks in the control tube 276 and hot water line 160 when the plug 44 is shut off or closed to ensure that any pressure pulses in the hot water line caused by shutting off or closing the plug 44 to stop the dispensing of hot water are released through the vent opening 282 and immediately release the hot water through the control tube in a continuous flow of hot water back into the hot water containment vessel 262, reducing or eliminating water dripping from the control tube into the hot water containment vessel. This vent opening 282 is optional. The slot 280 and vent opening 282 are located inside the steam chest 264. The slotted end 278 is in fluid communication with the hot water containing vessel 280 through a discharge opening 284 in the bulkhead 274, which is optionally but advantageously in an alignment structure.

[0185] 6A-6B, the septum has an alignment structure for aligning the control tube 278 with the discharge opening 284. The alignment structure is shown as a seating recess 286 in the septum 274 that is shaped to receive the distal end of the slotted end 278 and hold the slotted end 278 in a fixed position to align the center of the control tube 276 with the discharge opening 284. In the illustrated embodiment, the control tube 276 is a cylindrical tube and the seating recess 286 is a shallow circular recess in the septum 274.

[0186] A second pipe, a vent pipe 288, extends through the top of the hot tank housing 260 and insulation 261, which is placed in fluid communication with the vent pipe 262 and the plug 44. A water inlet 290 is located at the bottom of the hot water container 262 to fluidly connect the hot water container 262 to the hot water valve 150 to supply water to the hot water container. The water inlet 290 is shown as a tubular fitting extending downward and to the side to connect to a fluid line from the hot water valve 150. Optionally, the water inlet 288 may have a deflector or directional device 292 inside the hot water container 262 to direct the incoming water parallel to the bottom of the hot water container 262, which is filled from the bottom, pushing the hot water towards the discharge opening restrictor 284. The deflector helps direct the incoming water closer to the heater and mixes the room temperature incoming water with the remaining water in the hot water container 262. A hot water drain fitting 294 (FIG. 6A) is advantageously located at the bottom of the hot water storage vessel 262, preferably at a low point or recess in the hot water storage vessel, for draining water from the storage vessel when it is desired to empty the vessel. The drain fitting 294 is shown as a tubular fitting that passes through the bottom wall of the hot water housing 260 and the insulation 261, and is located in a drain recess. The hot water tank drain discharge fluid line is not shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 2G, but is advantageously in fluid communication with a hot water drain outlet 298 (FIG. 1D) at the rear of the beverage station 20. Further fluid may be connected to the drain outlet 298, with the outlet being connected to a building drain line.

[0187] A mounting bracket 296 is connected to the housing 260 and connects the hot water tank 152 to a support structure within the beverage station 20. The illustrated mounting bracket 296 is shown as two L-brackets fastened to the bottom of the hot water tank 152, with the water inlet 290 passing through an opening in one of the brackets.

[0188] During use, water vapor from the heated water in hot water storage vessel 262 rises and enters the steam chamber 264 through discharge opening 284. As the water vapor condenses into water in the steam chamber 264, the condensed hot water passes through slots 280 in the slotted end 278 of control tube 276, passes through discharge opening 284, and enters hot water storage vessel 262.

[0189] In use, pressing the hot water button 58 opens the hot water valve 150, which when open passes water through the water inlet 240 at the bottom of the water tank 152, a deflector 292 directs the incoming water parallel to the bottom of the hot water containment vessel 262, and the hot water at the top of the vessel is forced up into the discharge opening restrictor 284, through the control tube 276, into the hot water line 160, and out of the tap 44. As the water is forced through the discharge opening restrictor 284 and into the hot water line 160, a suction effect is created which draws water steam from the steam chamber through the slot 280 and out of the hot water line into the water flow passing through the tap 44. The water steam contains more energy than hot water, providing a more efficient heating system to provide hot water at the tap 44, and provides additional heat energy to make up for heat losses as the hot water passes through the hot water line 160, which is preferably insulated but actively heated. All of the cold water lines within the beverage station may be insulated.

[0190] When the valve 44 closes, the fluid flow stops, creating a reflux pressure that can push hot water into the steam line 162 and back towards the hot water tank 152. The steam line 162 acts as a vent line, so that a vacuum lock in the hot water line 160 does not prevent backflow into the hot water tank 152, but instead air pressure forces the hot water to flow back along the flow path 160 from the valve 44, through the hot water line 160 and into the hot water tank 152 (or along the steam line 162, if water enters). The vent opening 282 also allows for a quick reflux or return of hot water to the hot water storage vessel 162, as a pressure pulse from the closing of the hot water distribution valve 44 can ensure that the water in the control tube 276 is not airlocked, but instead flows out of the tube and into the hot water storage vessel. The hot water returning through the hot water line 160 enters the hot water storage vessel 262, and the hot water from the steam line 162 enters the steam chest. The vent openings 282 also reduce the risk of airlocks trapping small amounts of water in the control tube 276 or slotted end 278. Water in the steam chamber from any source passes through slots 280 in the slotted end 278 of the control tube 276 and through discharge openings 284 into the hot water containment vessel 262. The hot water line 160 from the hot water tank 152 to the tap 44 is advantageously at least slightly sloped upwards so that gravity urges the hot water to flow back from the tap into the hot water tank.

[0191] The capacity of the hot water tank 152 is selected based in large part on its capacity to receive hot water, with larger tanks 152 being used when larger volumes of hot water are expected to be dispensed at the tap 44. The relative volumes of the steam chamber 264 and the hot water vessel 262 are also important because the steam chamber 264 reduces the usable volume of hot water in the hot water vessel 262; if the steam chamber 264 volume is too small, reflux water due to a blocked or closed tap 44 can enter the steam chamber 264. Similarly, it is important that the water flow into the hot water vessel 262 is such that the hot water flows through the control tube 276 and the tap 44, rather than flowing into the steam chamber 264. The relative flows through the discharge opening restrictor 284 and input fitting 294 are adjusted to achieve optimum operation, with the discharge opening 284 acting as a flow restrictor to ensure that pressure forces hot water through the discharge line, creating a vacuum in the steam chamber 264 to suck out hot steam rather than allowing the hot water flowing through the slots 280 to pool in the steam chamber. In a sense, the flow through the control tube 276 is adjusted to force hot water through the restrictor 284 at a sufficient rate to create suction at the slots 276, rather than allowing water to enter the steam chamber through the slots.

[0192] Conceptually, the volume and pressure of water entering the hot water tank 152 and the volume and pressure of water exiting through the control tube 276 are balanced to create a suction at the slotted end 284 located in the steam chamber 264 to entrain the steam vapor from the steam chamber into the hot water flowing upward to the tap 44, with sufficient pressure being used to force the hot water upward to the tap. In one preferred embodiment, the water inlet 294 has a diameter of 4.4 mm to provide a flow rate of 1 liter per minute through the discharge opening 284, so that the hot water from the chamber passes through a smaller size flow restrictor of 3 mm dimension formed by the discharge opening 284 at a flow rate sufficient to draw the hot water vapor through the slot 280 into the hot water line 160 and into the water flow exiting the tap 44 at a higher elevation than the hot water tank 152 and the hot water outlet 276. The slot 280 is advantageously sized to create a venturi effect when a minimum desired flow rate is achieved. Four slots, 1 mm wide and 4-5 mm long, are believed to be suitable in the preferred embodiment. A vent opening 282 of approximately 2-3 mm diameter is believed to be suitable for the slotted end 278 described above. Advantageously, a flow rate of 1 liter per minute is chosen as a design criterion since this is the minimum flow rate at 40 psi line pressure, and most municipal water lines have line pressures of 40 psi or greater.

[0193] The use of the hot water tank 152 located below the dispensing tap 44 is believed to provide several advantages in relation to the design of the beverage dispensing system. The discharge opening 284 is sized smaller than the fluid inlet 290 to increase the discharge pressure pushing the hot water from the hot water tank 152, which is used to push the hot water to the tap 44 above the hot water tank. The increased discharge pressure is used to create a Venturi effect that draws water vapor from the steam chamber 264 and entrains it in the water flow directed to the tap 44. The inflow of water through the inlet 290 at line pressure (or other regulated pressure above 40 psi) is redirected by a deflector 292 to push the hottest water at the top of the hot water storage vessel 262 out of the discharge opening. Because the hot water tank 152 is located below the spigot 44, the water will drain by gravity and return to the tank (after the vent line 162 releases the vacuum that may be holding the water in the fluid communication lines), causing the spigot to be cooler than it would be if it were in thermal contact with the hot water in the hot water line 160, even when water is not being dispensed.

[0194] Carbonator

[0195] An electronic carbonation system is described with reference to Figures 2E, 3B-3D, and 7A-7C. The system is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 16 / 329,043, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Instantaneous On-Line Carbonation of Water Through Electrostatic Charging," filed February 27, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, an apparatus is provided for carbonating a mixed input stream of pressurized and refrigerated carbon dioxide and water. A first cartridge is disposed within a carbonation chamber, the first cartridge including a porous micromesh net in fluid communication with the input stream and a central cavity in fluid communication with a carbonation chamber output port. The micromesh net is configured to break chains of water molecules passing through the net and strengthen bonds between water and carbon dioxide molecules within the cartridge. The micromesh net also responds to the flow of water and carbon dioxide molecules impinging on and passing through the net by generating a passive polarization field having a polarization effect on the water molecules, further enhancing carbonation. To still further strengthen the bond between the water and carbon dioxide molecules, beads may be provided within the cartridge to capture and stabilize the carbon dioxide molecules.

[0196] More specifically, construction will be described first and operation thereafter with reference to Figures 7A-7C. The first carbonation chamber 120 defines an interior having a first (preferably cylindrical) micromesh net 334 and, optionally, a plurality of cylindrical nets or a plurality of first glass beads 325. The second carbonation chamber 121 defines a similarly shaped interior having a second plurality of glass beads 333 within a second (preferably cylindrical) micromesh net 336 like net 334.

[0197] A carbonated water line (FIG. 2E) from the cold water and carbon dioxide mixed in the venturi of the splitter 119 or a mixing ventura (FIG. 2F) in fluid lines 138, 140, 142 is in fluid communication with an input port 322 of a first carbonation chamber 120. Flow from that first carbonation chamber 120 passes from a first chamber output port 324 to a second carbonator inlet port 326. Flow through the second carbonation chamber 121 enters from a second chamber input port 326 and then exits from a second chamber output port 328, which is in fluid communication with the chilled carbonated water line 122.

[0198] The first carbonation chamber 120 preferably defines an interior having a 100 μm micromesh 334 and a plurality of 5 mm glass beads disposed within the carbonation chamber 120. The dimensions of the micromesh 334 may vary. The second carbonation chamber 121 preferably defines a 400 μm micromesh net having a plurality of 1-3 mm glass beads therein. The micromesh net is preferably cylindrical.

[0199] Thus, each carbonation chamber 120, 121 advantageously has a cap 325 and a base 329, with the chamber 120, 121 defined by a cap portion 325 and a base portion 329. The cap and base are shown as having elongated portions with threaded portions that mate at their joined ends, with the elongated bodies of the cap and base forming the respective chambers 120, 121. However, the cap 325 and base may be shorter and may be at opposite ends of an elongated tube that forms the main portion of the chamber.

[0200] The micromesh net 334 is shown as extending around the interior chamber forming a cylindrical tube with the glass beads 325 disposed within the micromesh net 334. The micromesh net 334 advantageously has upper and lower support rings (FIG. 7A). Other devices including internal ports may be provided to facilitate fluid flow between the interior of the micromesh net 334 and the carbonation chamber input port, and to facilitate fluid flow through the gaps between the beads within the micromesh net, to facilitate flow between the chambers. The micromesh net and beads may be provided as a single unit or cartridge, with a grid 334 holding the beads 325 within the cartridge 327 and net (FIG. 7A).

[0201] The flow of fluid into and out of the carbonation chamber may vary. In use, carbonated water output from second carbonation chamber 121 is in communication with carbonated fluid line 122 or with a flow compensator in fluid communication with carbonated fluid line 122 and the stopcock.

[0202] It is known in the art that water molecules become polarized as they pass through the micromesh nets 334, 336, and it is believed that the net charge affects the orientation of the water molecules. Such passive polarization occurs as a result of the interaction of the molecules with the net, thereby strengthening the dipole bonds between the water and carbon dioxide molecules.

[0203] Alternatively, the micromesh net can be implemented as a pair of concentric nets 334 (FIG. 7C) connected to a voltage source to provide active polarization of the net to enhance the orientation of water molecules passing through the net. The particular orientation of the current through the net may be implemented according to the desired polarization of the water molecules as they pass through the net.

[0204] As mentioned above, the first carbonator 120 and its carbonation chamber 120 may include a micromesh net 334 through which the input water and gas mixture passes, the micromesh net 334 being preferably formed from one or more independent rings of a micromesh metal such as stainless steel. The passage of the carbonated water through the micromesh net 334 breaks the long molecular compounds of the water, creating a weak electrostatic field due to the high speed passage of the more polar molecules, and since the more polar molecules of the fluid are mixed in a short time (less than 1 second) (water and carbon dioxide), the short (broken) chains of water molecules are more likely to form dipole-dipole electrostatic connections with the carbon dioxide molecules. In this embodiment, the electrostatic field is self-induced by the passage of the polarized molecules, resulting in electrical induction. Other embodiments of the same device may utilize a process in which the electric field is artificially generated externally via a common DC power source, or multiple DC power sources, resulting in the highly polarized water and gas molecules being immediately oriented in response to the electric field generated on the net. Whichever solution is employed (induced electric field or artificially generated), the result is a high degree of polarizability and orientation of the liquid and gas molecules. In the case of passively induced electric fields, not only does the induced electrostatic field contribute to the polarization of the internally transitioning molecules, but the polarization itself modifies the electric field that is generated.

[0205] Although the electrostatic fields described herein, which are generated by the passage of polarized molecules, are expected to be relatively weak, the resulting increased polarization of the water molecules increases the likelihood of bonds forming between water molecules and carbon dioxide molecules, which are particularly weakly bonded, as known in the art. This is because the total number of water molecules with a high degree of polarization increases as the degree of polarization of each water molecule increases. It has been found that by breaking the long chains of molecules and gradually orienting them in response to the electrostatic field, the (transient) formation of carbon dioxide within the water increases, and the resulting water becomes more highly carbonated. In addition, it has been found that the water molecules retain bonds with the carbon dioxide molecules which reduces the dispersion of the carbon dioxide molecules (i.e., the formation of bubbles when the carbonated water is exposed to air during dispensing). The increased bonds increase the carbonation in the water and improve the durability of the carbonated water over time when it is in an open glass or bottle.

[0206] In the illustrated embodiment, the micromesh net is formed of thin stainless steel strands approximately 2-100μ in diameter and has an open mesh area of ​​approximately 5-800μ. The micromesh nets 334, 336 may be formed of other materials and the dimensions of the strands / open mesh area may be altered to suit particular pressure levels, flow rates, desired carbonation levels, and other factors.

[0207] Beverage container alignment light

[0208] 8A-8B, a beverage station 20 is shown having only four beverage dispensing buttons instead of the five of FIG. 1A and having a beverage alignment mechanism 350. The beverage alignment mechanism may be used in the embodiment of FIG. 1, with fewer buttons. The four beverage dispensing buttons are a dispense button 52 for carbonated or sparkling water, a button 56 for cold water, a button 58 for hot water, and a button 54 for alkaline water. The auto-fill button 60 has been omitted. The four buttons allow for identification of which button activates the dispensing of which beverage, using larger buttons and larger printed indicia on the buttons. Advantageously, the beverage buttons are located on the top of the beverage station, above the fill area 40 and drain pan 46 and drain grate 48, although their location may be changed. A number of indicator lights 62 are also advantageously located on the front top panel of the beverage station, preferably including a red light to indicate whether hot water is available or not, and another light to indicate that the water filter or alkaline cartridge needs replacing. Various methods of accomplishing the electrical connection and activation of these indicator lights are known and will not be described herein.

[0209] Advantageously, as in the beverage station of Fig. 1, a single tap 44 is used to dispense all of the beverage. The drain pan 46 and drain grid 48 preferably extend across a substantial width of the front of the beverage station 20 (i.e. laterally), allowing a user to place several beverage containers and beverage cups 354 on the drain grid for quicker and easier filling of the containers and cups. To assist the user in visually aligning the cup to the tap, a light bar 352 is provided that extends vertically and is aligned with the dispensing nozzle of the tap 44. The visual alignment avoids the difficulties associated with aligning the cup to the tap using a circular cup-sized recess beneath the dispensing tap, as the recess creates an offset that causes the cup to tilt and tip when empty or full.

[0210] The light bar 352 advantageously takes the form of an elongated illuminating member electrically controlled to generate a visible light moving from the top of the filling area 40 towards the bottom of the beverage station and drain pan 46 in a repeating pattern, with the visual length of the light bar aligned in a vertical plane through the tap, parallel to the opposing rectangular sides of the beverage station 20, as shown in FIG. 8A. The light bar 352 is connected to a side wall 42 that separates the filling area 40 from the interior of the beverage station. The light bar 352 advantageously includes a plurality of LEDs 356 arranged in a vertical line on the side wall 42, extending downward from a location on the side wall behind the tap 44 and aligned vertically with the tap 44 on that side wall. When the beverage container is aligned laterally along the width of the drain grille 48, the tap 44 distributes its liquid flow to the center of the beverage container.

[0211] Advantageously, the light bar 352 includes a plurality of LEDs 356 in close proximity, each of which may be individually and sequentially activated by a timer and control circuitry to generate a repeating pattern of light extending from the top of the light bar to the bottom of the light bar. Advantageously, the LEDs are located behind a strip of transparent or translucent plastic forming a shield, the LEDs 356 being shielded from the dispensed beverage. Advantageously, an elongated slot may be formed in the side wall 42, which may be filled with a plastic shield to facilitate cleaning. The illuminated light bar 352 allows a user to visually confirm the flow of liquid dispensed from the tap 44 and aids in aligning a beverage cup with the liquid to be dispensed.

[0212] As indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 8B, if the beverage station 20 has more than one tap 44, more than one light bar 352 may be used, with one light bar 352 associated with a different one of the taps and aligned with that tap as described above. A continuously lit light bar 352, while useful, is considered less desirable. Timing and electrical control circuitry for achieving a repeating cycle of moving lights, such as reflected in various holiday lighting decorations, is known and will not be described in detail herein.

[0213] Each of the LEDs 356 or other light sources of the light bar 352 is in electrical communication with a controller 64 which includes electrical circuitry for activating the lights in a steady or repeating pattern when power is provided to the controller 64 or when a beverage selection button 52, 54, 56, 58, or 60 is activated. The controller may include a timer circuit to shut off the lights after a predetermined illumination period without activation of one of the beverage selection buttons. If a light bar 352 is provided per tap, only that tap's light bar may be activated to provide the described stack.

[0214] System Operation

[0215] In this way, advantageously, a dispensing device such as a beverage station 20 for cooled sparkling beverages (FIGS. 2A-2G) is provided, which includes a main water inlet port 86 and one or more water flow lines in fluid communication with a device described below including a water supply pump 92 in fluid communication with at least one stainless steel drinking water cooler coil 94, which is at least partially inserted in a heat exchanger, preferably in the form of a cold water container 74, to cool the incoming water from the water supply pump. Although other heat exchange devices can be used, a cold water bath achieved in a cooled and insulated container 74 is preferred. A water line splitter 132, preferably located inside or downstream of the drinking water cooler coil 94, splits the cold water line into at least one cold water line 98 in fluid communication with the tap 44 and at least one sparkling water line 122, which is ultimately in fluid communication with the tap 44. The beverage station also has a normally closed cold water valve 96 positioned downstream of the beverage cooler coil 94 and downstream of the water line splitter 132 .

[0216] A normally closed carbonated water valve, such as water valve 116, is positioned downstream of the drinking water cooler coil 94 and downstream of the water line splitter 132. At least one normally closed carbon dioxide valve 112, preferably a valve, is positioned in the gas line from the internal carbon dioxide gas canister 108 to a static venturi restriction device 144 (FIG. 2F) or venturi in the splitter 119. The at least one static venturi restriction device (144, 119, splitter with venturi) allows carbon dioxide gas to enter the chilled water, preferably at a location downstream of the drinking water cooler coil 94. Preferably, one or more static in-line carbonation chambers 120, 121 generate instantaneous and additional carbonation of the water, the devices 120, 121 being positioned downstream of the venturi devices 144, 119 (splitter with venturi) and at least partially inserted into the heat exchanger of the chilled water storage vessel 74, preferably adjacent to the drinking water cooler coil 94.

[0217] The electronic controller 64 is configured to control and is in communication with the water supply pump 92 and the three normally closed valves 96, 116, and 112, as well as with the beverage selection buttons 52, 56 associated with the dispensing of cold and carbonated water from the tap 44. Advantageously, the controller 64 is in electrical communication with the valves and buttons identified via electrical communication lines described herein, or other electrical communication lines appropriate for a particular application. The three valves are of the normally closed type, and the beverage dispensing apparatus includes a normally closed cold water valve 96, a normally closed sparkling water valve 116, and a normally closed carbon dioxide gas valve 112.

[0218] The beverage dispensing machine 20 has at least two selectors, such as buttons 52, 56, for alternatively dispensing either chilled still water or chilled carbonated water. When the chilled still water selector 56 is activated, the water supply pump 92 is powered on by the controller 64 and the normally closed cold water valve 96 is electrically energized open, allowing chilled still water to be dispensed from the tap 44. When the chilled fizzing selector 52 is activated, the water supply pump 92 is powered on and both the fizzing water valve 116 and the carbon dioxide gas valve 112 are energized open, allowing carbonated water to be dispensed from the tap 44.

[0219] Although beverages are described as being dispensed from the same tap 44, they may be dispensed from separate taps or from other dispensing devices. Additionally, when the electricity used to open the normally closed valves described herein is removed or shut off, the valves close. Thus, they are described as being "energized open." Similar to a faucet in a sink, a closed valve may be considered shut off or powered off, and an open valve may be considered powered on. Thus, open and closed valves correspond to opening and closing a valve or turning a valve on and off. However, regardless of the detailed operation, the controller 64 or control module 64 opens and closes the various valves, turns power on and off to the various pumps, applies power to and receives signals from the various sensors. Although a basic control schematic for the electrical control is described herein, it is contemplated that other control circuits and control logic and modules may be used.

[0220] In a further variation of the beverage dispensing device 20 described above, a normally closed main inlet valve 90 is positioned downstream of the main inlet port 86 and is controlled by the controller 64 such that the main inlet valve 90 is energized open when any of the selector buttons 52, 54, 56, 58, or 60 are activated. The device 20 preferably includes a flow meter 88 electrically connected to the controller 64, allowing the controller 64 to measure the amount of water passing through the flow meter, thereby indicating the volume or amount of water dispensed through the tap 44. Such control, communication, and volume measurement are known in the art and will not be described in detail herein. The device 20 may also have an ambient temperature water line 104 in fluid communication with the normally closed ambient water valve 100 and in communication with the controller 64, preferably in electrical communication with the controller 64, and an ambient water selector button mounted adjacent to the other buttons. When the ambient water selector button is activated, a signal is sent to the controller 64 to open the ambient water valve 90, allowing the dispensing of ambient temperature water if the valve 90 is in fluid communication with the tap 44 without any intervening devices that would change the characteristics of the ambient temperature water.

[0221] A beverage dispensing apparatus for producing chilled, sparkling and alkaline water is also provided, including the beverage dispensing apparatus described above, including a main water inlet port 86 in fluid communication with a water supply pump 92, at least one stainless steel beverage cooler coil 94 at least partially inserted in a heat exchanger shown as a chilled water receiving vessel 74. The dispensing apparatus 20 also includes a chilled sparkling water line with at least one carbonation system at least partially inserted in the same heat exchanger, the carbonation system including a canister 108 of carbon dioxide gas, a splitter 119 or at least one venturi 140 in the intersecting fluid lines 114, 138, 140, 142, and / or a carbonation chamber 120, 121. The dispensing apparatus includes a normally closed chilled water valve 96, a normally closed sparkling water valve 116, and at least one normally closed carbon dioxide gas valve 112 positioned on the gas line from the carbon dioxide gas tank 108.

[0222] The dispensing apparatus further advantageously includes an ambient temperature water line 104 in fluid communication with either the filtered water at the input port 86 or in fluid communication with a water filter 130, both of which (if present) are in fluid communication with the normally closed ambient temperature water valve 90. The apparatus further advantageously includes an alkaline chamber 102 positioned in fluid communication with the ambient water line 104 downstream of the normally closed ambient temperature water valve 100, which releases preselected inorganic salts into the water. When the alkaline selector 54 is activated, the electronic controller 64 opens both ambient water valves 100 and also opens the cold water valve 96, such that both ambient water (i.e., alkaline water) from the alkaline chamber 102 and cold water are dispensed and mixed at an outlet, such as the tap 44.

[0223] In a further variation of the alkaline water dispensing device, the controller 64 opens and then closes the cold water valve 96 for a shorter time interval than the time interval that the ambient water valve 100 remains open. This provides more cold water to the fluid outlet (e.g., spigot 44) to cool the water at the outlet and reduce its alkalinity. In yet a further variation of the alkaline water dispensing device, the alkaline chamber includes a cartridge containing inorganic crystal spheres within a bed having granular activated carbon (GAC). Advantageously, the cartridge is configured to be releasably fastened to a fluid manifold in the device 20, and is preferably configured such that the cartridge can be easily replaced by rotating the cartridge to unlatch it from the fluid manifold and then axially moving the cartridge away from the manifold. Other releasable connections are known for connecting a water filter cartridge to a refrigerator, and these releasable connections can be used with the alkaline cartridge.

[0224] In yet a further variation of the beverage dispenser 20 described above with an internal carbon dioxide gas canister 108, and carbonators 120, 121, and alkali canister 102, the dispenser may contain a hot tank 152 with a hot water reservoir 262 in fluid communication with a main water valve 90, preferably a normally closed valve 90, and a hot water valve 150, also preferably a normally closed valve. The valves 90, 150, and the hot water selector 58 are in communication with the controller 64. When the hot water selector 58 is activated, the hot water valve 150 and the main water valve 90 are energized and open, allowing ambient temperature water to flow through the main valve and to push hot water out of the top of the hot water tank to a hot water line 160 in fluid communication with an outlet such as a tap 44. Advantageously, the hot tank includes a steam chamber in fluid communication with the hot water reservoir so that water vapor can be collected in the steam chamber. The hot water flows through a control tube that passes through the steam chamber, the control tube having a venturi that draws water vapor from the steam chamber into a flow of hot water that is ultimately distributed at an outlet. Advantageously, a return steam line fluidly connects the steam chamber to an outlet, such as a tap 44, to provide pressure relief and allow the hot water to flow back up the hot water line back to the hot water reservoir in the hot tank. The hot tank 152 advantageously has an internal heating element 154 configured to heat the water to a temperature in the range of 205°F to 170°F, and a temperature center NTC 156, both controlled by the controller 64 to control the heating element and maintain the water temperature within that temperature range. Advantageously, the NTC 156 is directly adjacent, and preferably in contact with, the heating element to provide heater shutoff upon sudden changes in temperature that reflect a water level below the thermistor.

[0225] If the water inside the hot water containing vessel 262 is at a temperature below the lower set point as detected by the temperature sensor, the controller 64 will power on the heating element 154 and it will remain on until the temperature of the water reaches the upper set point as detected by the temperature sensor and the controller 64 stops powering the heating element. If the temperature sensor in the thermistor 158 fails, the temperature of the hot tank walls will rise and the thermostat 156 will open the electrical circuit 163 and cut off power to the heating element 154. A sudden increase in temperature, which occurs when the water level is low, will be immediately detected by the thermistor adjacent to the heater and a signal will be sent to the controller 64 to cut off power to the heater.

[0226] In the beverage dispensing apparatus 20 described above, the dispensing nozzle or tap is in fluid communication with any combination of cold water through cold water line 98, carbonated water through carbonated water line 122, both ambient temperature alkaline water and chilled alkaline water through alkaline water line 104, and hot water through hot water line 160. These different types of water may be dispensed sequentially or simultaneously in any combination by the controller 64 opening and closing the appropriate valves including the main valve 20, the hot water valve 150, the cold water valve 96, and the carbonated valves 112 and 116. Additionally, the amount of carbonation may be varied depending on the activation of the carbonators 120, 121. The inlet water at the inlet port 86 may be filtered or unfiltered, and may have one or more internal filters 130 or external 82, 84 in fluid communication with the water inlet 86 to further purify the water, whether filtered or not.

[0227] 2F shows the filter 130 inside the beverage dispensing apparatus 20 and upstream of the flow meter 88 and the main inlet valve 90. Alternatively, the filter(s) 130 inside the beverage dispensing apparatus may be located downstream of the main inlet valve 90, and the fluid communication lines are arranged such that water passing through the main inlet valve 90 first passes through the water filter 130 before flowing to each of the hot water valve 150 in fluid communication with the hot water tank 152, the ambient water valve 100 in fluid communication with the alkaline cartridge 102, the cold water valve 96 in fluid communication with the drinking water cooler coil 94, or the carbonation valve 116 in fluid communication with the carbonator 120, 121 and downstream in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas cartridge 108.

[0228] With reference to FIG. 4A, an improved chiller for cooling fluids used in beverages in a beverage dispensing system for chilled and / or sparkling beverages is also provided. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger utilizing a water bath / ice bank refrigeration system to create a chilled water bath, including technologies such as a chiller 74 containing water (water bath cooling fluid) and having a chiller wall 76 insulated from the external ambient temperature to reduce heat dispersion. The chiller or chilled water containing vessel 74 is preferably copper and contains an evaporator coil 77 that is immersed in the water in the chilled water containing vessel 74. The evaporator coil 77 contains a refrigerant that, in its expansion phase, reduces the temperature of the water surrounding the evaporator coil in the chiller 74, forming an ice bank 178 around the evaporator coil. The chiller includes a beverage water chiller coil 94, preferably made of stainless steel, containing circulating water that is cooled as it passes through the cooling coil, with circulating pressure and flow provided by a water supply pump 92. The beverage water cooler coil 94 is at least partially submerged in the chiller water bath, and preferably the entire length of the horizontally or laterally extending coils of the beverage water cooler coil 94 .

[0229] Referring to FIG. 4A, an in-line instant carbonation system configured to mix chilled water in the drinking water cooler coil 94 with carbon dioxide gas is at least partially immersed in the water bath of the chilled water container. It includes a fluid line between the carbon dioxide gas valve 112 and the carbonator 120, 121. The cooler has an optional discharge line that drains the water bath from the interior of the chilled water container by gravity through a drain 126 (FIGS. 2A-2B) at the bottom of the chilled water container. At least one temperature sensor 182 is disposed inside the chilled water container 74 and positioned in contact with the drinking water cooler coil such that when the temperature of the drinking water reaches a predetermined value, at least one agitator pump 170 is activated, and the agitator pump is configured to circulate the chilled water in the chilled water container 74 or cooler such that the water circulated by the agitator pump circulates around and preferably in thermally conductive contact with the ice 178.

[0230] The agitator pump 170 advantageously comprises a submersible pump inside the chilled water receiving vessel 74, advantageously located at one of the bottom or top of the drinking water cooler coil 94, advantageously aligned with the central longitudinal axis of the drinking water cooler coil 94. There are preferably two agitators 170, each with a water inlet on its central longitudinal axis, and each with a number of radial water outlet ports, the outlet ports preferably lying in a plane perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. More preferably, the water flow of each of the two agitators 170 creates a spherical circulatory flow pattern extending from the agitator pump outlet port to approximately halfway around the other agitator.

[0231] Advantageously, the controller 64 is in communication, preferably electrical communication, with a water level sensor 188 that senses the water level 194 in the cold water storage vessel, and when the water level reaches a predetermined low level, the sensor sends an electrical signal (or other type of signal) to the controller 64, which in turn sends a signal to open a normally closed cold water valve 196 to fill the water level 194 to the maximum water level determined by the sensor.

[0232] 3A and 4, the freezer expansion line 72, which is the evaporator line or coil of the refrigeration system of FIG. 3A shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4A, is advantageously formed into a single tubular coil that conforms to the shape of the water containing vessel, thereby forming the evaporator coil 77. In FIG. 3A and 4, the evaporator coil is shown as being generally square in shape, with the coil 77 forming a coil having rounded corners and straight sides.

[0233] 9A-10B, the refrigeration system includes a freezer system (similar to the systems of FIGS. 3A and 4) and is referred to as the freezer system. The evaporator coil of the freezer system may advantageously have a coiled configuration arranged in a figure-of-eight coil 401. Thus, a single continuous evaporator coil 401 having a uniform diameter along its length may be wound to produce a figure-of-eight freezing coil that effectively forms two separate tubular freezer coils 402, 404, each tubular coil surrounding a separate cold water reservoir, thereby forming two cold water reservoirs 412, 414 (one each within a portion of the evaporator coils 402, 404), such that the two cold water reservoirs within a single housing form a single evaporator line of the freezer system, forming the figure-of-eight evaporator coil 401. This figure-of-eight coil arrangement 401 results in an enlarged central ice bank that serves to form two water reservoirs within a single housing. This figure-of-eight configuration is believed to provide increased chilled water capacity during periods of high demand, and the central ice bank is believed to provide a more uniform chilled water temperature and colder than designs using a single tubular evaporative freezer line 72 (or evaporator coil 77) as in Figures 3A and 4. The single drinking water cooler coil 94 can accommodate 0.3 liters, and the figure-of-eight coils 422, 424 can accommodate 0.6 to 1 liter of drinking water. The single chilled water coil 94 in the chilled water containment vessel 74 can advantageously produce over 6 gallons of 40°F or less water per hour. The figure-of-eight chilled water coils 422, 424 in the chilled water containment vessel are believed to produce up to 15 gallons of 40°F or less water per hour, more than double their capacity.

[0234] Figure-8 evaporative freezer coil

[0235] A single tube 401 of an evaporator line of a refrigeration system for freezing water outside the evaporator line advantageously forms a figure-of-eight cooling coil 401, the single tube 401 being bent to form a series of serpentine extending figures of eight, each successive figure-of-eight being stacked on top of the previous figure-of-eight to form a figure-of-eight coil extending upwards along a vertical axis. The material of the freezer coil is made of copper or other suitable metal. Thus, the refrigeration system forming the figure-of-eight evaporator coil 401 is bent to form first and second interconnected tubular coils 402, 404. The first freezer coil 402 forms a portion of the figure-of-eight coil, and the second freezer coil 404 forms the other portion of the stacked figure-of-eight coil 401.

[0236] The tubular arrangement of the coils 402, 404 is advantageously formed with two opposite straight parallel sides. Each figure eight is formed by a plurality of coil segments having parallel and opposite sides 402a, 402b (or 404a, 404b) joined by a straight back part 402c (or 404C) perpendicular to the opposite sides, the junction of the two opposite sides and the back part having rounded corners. The tubular coils 402, 404 are connected by a first and a second, preferably straight, connecting coil segment 402d, 404d. The connecting coil segment 402d extends from tube 402a to tube 404a in adjacent levels or layers of the figure eight coils, and the second connecting coil segment 404d extends from tube 404b to tube 402b in adjacent levels or layers of the figure eight coils. The connecting segments 402d, 404d are interleaved to cross between the two coils 402, 404. Opposite sides of the coils 204, 404 are formed by a plurality of coil segments 402a, 402b, 404a, 404b, respectively, with the majority of the coil segments 402a-402d and 404a-404d advantageously parallel and slightly angled upwards to account for the intersecting segments 402d, 404d.

[0237] As seen in Figures 10A-10B, the water containment vessel 406 has walls 408a, 408b, and 408c surrounding the tubular freezer coils 402, 404. Advantageously, coil segments 402a, 404a are parallel to and connected to opposing ends of a first containment vessel sidewall 408a. Advantageously, coil segments 402b, 404b are parallel to and connected to opposing ends of a second containment vessel sidewall 408b. Advantageously, coil segment 402c is parallel to a first containment vessel end wall 408c, and coil segment 404c is connected to a second opposing containment vessel end wall 408d. The containment vessel 406 has a top side (not shown as the top has been removed) and a bottom side 408e.

[0238] The connecting segments 402d, 404d extend between the opposing walls 408a, 408b and span the width of the water containing vessel 406. Where the connecting segments 402d, 404d cross one another, the intersecting coil segments advantageously form a substantially continuous stack of frozen coil segments 402d, 404d (the perpendicular lines of the circle in the center of the vessel) as seen in Figures 9A and 10B.

[0239] The vessel walls 408a-e form an insulated, fluid-tight enclosure with sealed openings for the various fluid and electrical connections described with respect to the first embodiment, and an additional enclosure for a second chilled water vessel 414. The vessel walls 408a-e are advantageously insulated by insulation 410, with any fluid or electrical communication passing through the insulation as well as the water vessel. The lid may be removable to allow physical (e.g., repair) access to the interior of the vessel, but if so, the lid advantageously provides a fluid-tight seal to the remainder of the water vessel walls to prevent water from leaking out of the water vessel.

[0240] A single freezer expansion conduit wound to form a figure-of-eight configuration 401 is shown in Figure 9 having an inlet end 411a and an outlet end 411b. The inlet end 411a is in fluid communication with the compressor 70 as shown in Figure 3A, and the outlet end 411b is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger 78 as in Figure 3A. In the illustrated embodiment, the circulation of the refrigeration or freezing fluid (e.g., fluorohydrocarbon) is in the direction shown in Figures 9A and 10A. The fluid circulation direction of the refrigeration fluid is not believed to be important, but is provided to illustrate the use of a single tube to form a figure-of-eight circulation coil.

[0241] 10A-10B, the tubular freezer coil 402 contains a cold water reservoir 412, and the tubular freezer coil 404 contains a cold water reservoir 414. The tubular freezer coils 402, 404 freeze the water in the reservoir 406, so that a layer or ice bank of ice 416 forms along the ends and sides 408a-d that abut or are adjacent to the coil sides 402a-b, 404a-b and the coil ends 402c, 404c. This is commonly referred to as the ice wall bank 416. The freezer coils 402, 404 extend from the bottom 408e of the water reservoir 406 to the top of the water line, so that when the reservoir is full, a water wall can freeze along the reservoir walls 408a, 408b from the bottom of the water to the top of the reservoir to form the wall ice bank 416.

[0242] However, where the connecting segments 402d, 404d of the evaporator coil 401 intersect closely together, the water forms an intermediate or central ice bank 418. Depending on the size of the water containing vessel 406 and the configuration and temperature of the figure-eight cooling coil, the intermediate or central ice bank 418 may advantageously extend entirely across the width of the water containing vessel 406.

[0243] The intersection of the connection segments 402d, 404d increases the cooling and freezing capacity at the intersection points, and as shown in FIG. 10B, the additional ice bank produced and its thickness can effectively double the freezing capacity at the intersection points. As the angle between the connection segments increases, freezing increases in the center and decreases at the outer ends adjacent the containment vessel walls 408a, 408b. As the angle at the connection segments decreases, the connection segments are closer together over a longer length, increasing the freezing capacity. In this manner, the angle at which the connection segments 402d, 404d cross each other can be increased so that the connection segments are further apart along a longer portion of their length, thereby decreasing the freezing capacity along that length. The angle at which the connection segments 402d, 404d cross each other can be decreased so that the connection segments are closer together along a longer portion of their length, thereby increasing the freezing capacity along a longer portion of their length. Freezing the water between the two opposing walls of the elongated reservoir 406 thus effectively creates a central blocking ice bank 418 formed by the ice frozen by the intersections 402d, 404d. In this manner, the shape of this central ice bank 418 may vary and may increase in thickness in the direction between the end walls 408c and 408d of the water reservoir 406. An angle of 20°-30° from a plane perpendicular to the side walls 408a, 408b is believed to be suitable for water reservoirs having sidewall-to-sidewall widths of 10-15 inches. As the distance between the side walls 408 increases, the angle will typically decrease, approaching a smaller angle of 10-20° for larger water reservoir widths where the side walls are further apart.

[0244] 10A, the shape of the ice bank 416 along the side walls 408a, 408b and end walls 408c, 408d is preferably of uniform thickness X, except at the location of the central ice bank 418. Advantageously, the central ice bank 418 is at least twice as thick as the wall ice banks, and advantageously 2-4 times as thick along a substantial majority of its width and height. The central ice bank 418 advantageously has a substantially uniform thickness along its height, and advantageously extends from the bottom 408e of the containment vessel 406 to above the water level in the containment vessel.

[0245] As seen in Figures 10A-10B, first and second drinking water cooler coils 422, 424, preferably made of stainless steel, are located inside the corresponding first and second tubular freezing coils 402, 404 and the corresponding first and second chilled water storage vessels 412, 414. Ice banks 416, 418 advantageously surround the drinking water cooler coils 422, 424, preferably with the inner surfaces of the ice banks 416, 418 separated from the outer surfaces of the drinking water cooler coils 422, 424 by the same distance around the majority of the areas of the opposing ice banks and chiller coils, preferably by the same distance around substantially the majority of the areas of the opposing ice banks and drinking water cooler coils. Chilled water circulation is achieved by an agitator as described above, and the ice banks 416, 418 are controlled by temperature sensors in the respective tanks as described above. Advantageously, two ice temperature sensors are used, one in each of the cold water reservoirs 412, 414, to ensure that the thickness of the central ice bank 418 is the same in each of the cold water reservoirs. However, it is believed that it is preferred, but less desirable, to have only one ice sensor in either one of the cold water reservoirs 412 or 414. Control of the various components associated with the figure-eight coil 401 is accomplished using a controller 64 to coordinate and control the various components, as described with respect to Figures 1 and 8.

[0246] The refrigeration system with the figure-of-eight coil 401 provides a larger capacity of chilled water than a single coil freezer design and does so with a single compressor and expansion coil. Additionally, the central ice bank 418 may be thicker in the end-to-end direction between the containment vessel walls 408c and 408d because the connecting segments 402d, 404d of the freezer coils 402, 404 may be configured to create a thicker ice bank in that direction. The thicker central ice bank 418 melts a larger ice stock when the temperature of the chilled water in the containment vessels 412, 414 increases due to increased water flow through the two drinking water cooler coils 420, 422 due to high demand. The melting of the ice banks 416, 418 provides a thermal storage to stabilize the temperature change of the ice melting as the water in the chilled water heats up and the ice melts. In this way, the thicker central ice bank 418 increases the temperature stability of the chilled water contained within each chilled water containment vessel 412, 414.

[0247] 1A and 1D, a filter reset (FR) button 147 (FIG. 1D) is used to reset a timer whose clock is included in the controller 64. The FR button 147 resets the total dispensed volume (determined by the flow meter 88). These resets may be performed automatically every time an old water filter 32, 130 is replaced with a new water filter, regardless of whether the water filter is externally accessible (filter 32) or internally located (e.g., filter 130). During use of the beverage dispenser, the controller 64 records and stores information regarding the time the dispenser has been operating (i.e., powered). At the same time, the flow meter 88 measures the total volume of water dispensed by the same device, and since the flow meter 88 is in electrical communication with the controller 64, that information can be easily processed by the controller 64. When the clock reaches a specific time setting associated with changing the water filter (usually six months) or when the flow meter reaches whichever of two separate thresholds first, whether it has detected a total volume of water dispensed (usually six thousand gallons), the controller sends a signal to the filter indicator 62 (FIG. 1A) and the indicator begins to flash (e.g., the LED indicator light begins to flash). By holding down the FR button 147 (FIG. 1D) for several seconds, both the clock and the volume measurement counter in the controller 64 are reset to zero and the cycle is repeated. Typically, the FR button 147 is pressed whenever the water filter 32, 130 and alkaline chamber 132 are changed, and the FR button 147 and controller 64 can be used to track their respective usage and send a signal to the indicator (e.g., indicator 64) to notify the user that replacement is required.

[0248] Referring to FIG. 6A, the hot water tank 152 has a heater or heating element 154 inside the hot water containing vessel. The heater 154 may have a stainless steel shirt or enclosure, preferably made of AISI 304, or preferably AISI 3016 stainless steel. The particular construction of these stainless steels limits scale build-up over time and does not rust. Also, the presence of an NTC thermistor 156 located at a distance of less than 2 mm (preferably 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm) from the heating element 154 allows for accurate monitoring of heat transfer from the heating element. It is believed that heat is transferred primarily from the heating element 154 to the water inside the hot water containing vessel by conduction and convection, and when there is little or no water inside the hot water containing vessel, heat is transferred primarily by radiation. The sensor 156 with an NTC sensor can accurately monitor the temperature due to its proximity to the heating element 154 and the heat transfer from such heating element to the surrounding environment and to the sensor 156. When there is little or no water in the tank, the maximum temperature the hot water tank is exposed to will be the same as when the hot water tank is full of water. Because air transfers or conducts heat at a slower rate compared to water, the hot water tank will cycle longer between the maximum and minimum temperature settings when there is little or no water inside the hot water tank. However, it is believed that the hot water tank 152 can operate for extended periods of time without thermally degrading the heating element 154, even if the water completely evaporates from the hot water tank, as may occur when the dispensing device is not in use.

[0249] The electronic control module 64 of the beverage dispensing device also allows the user to change the "factory window settings" of the three main NTC temperature sensors 156, 180, and 182 at any time. Either or both of the maximum and minimum temperature settings of each of the three main temperature sensors may be changed by commands directed to the controller 64. Each of these three temperature sensors 156, 180, and 182 controls the operation of the other components to maintain the temperature at the sensor's location between the maximum and minimum set points. Sensor 156 advantageously operates between 96°C and 80°C, sensor 180 advantageously operates between 0.6°C and 1.2°C, and sensor 182 operates between 0.4°C and -1.8°C. Each of the above settings can be manually modified by pressing and holding the FR button 147 for a predetermined minimum time (e.g., more than 10 seconds) until buttons 52, 54, 56, and 58 begin to flash, and by touching each of those buttons, the user can selectively change, increase, or decrease the maximum and minimum temperature settings of temperature sensors 156, 180, and 182, respectively, according to a predetermined software code. By changing the temperature setting of sensor 156, the user can increase the temperature of the hot water dispensed by the device according to personal preference. By changing the temperature setting of sensor 180, the user can make less ice or more ice, for example, to have the device make more excess ice to build a thicker ice bank that provides greater energy storage and a greater amount of latent heat to meet high consumer demand, such as may occur if the device is installed in a busy restaurant during rush hour. By changing the temperature setting of sensor 182, the set temperature of the agitator pump 170 can be changed, allowing the agitator pump to operate over a wider range of temperatures and extract more heat from the ice bank, such as might occur if the apparatus were installed in a busy restaurant as compared to a domestic residence.

[0250] The above description is given by way of example and not by way of limitation. In view of the above disclosure, one skilled in the art may devise variations that are within the scope and spirit of the present invention, including various ways of varying dimensions such as the angles of the intersecting freezer coil segments 402d, 404d. It is contemplated that many valve types, including solenoid valves, are suitable for use with the various valves described herein. Furthermore, the various features of the present invention may be used alone or in various combinations with one another and are not intended to be limited to the specific combinations described herein. Thus, the present invention is not limited by the illustrated embodiments.

Claims

1. 1. A beverage dispensing apparatus for chilled sparkling beverages, comprising: a housing having a main water inlet port in fluid communication with a water supply pump within the housing to provide water to the water supply pump during use of the apparatus; at least one drinking water cooler coil in fluid communication with the water supply pump and the chiller coil, the chiller coil being at least partially inserted into a heat exchanger having a low temperature portion and cooled by the heat exchanger to cool incoming water from the water supply pump to a temperature between an ambient temperature of the water at the water supply pump and a temperature greater than 32° F. during use of the apparatus; a water line splitter after the chiller coil in fluid communication with the chiller coil; a normally closed chilled water valve positioned downstream of the chiller coil and downstream of the water line splitter and in fluid communication with the water line splitter, the normally closed chilled water valve in fluid communication with a downstream distribution outlet; a normally closed type foam water valve positioned downstream of the chiller coil and downstream of the first water line splitter and in fluid communication with the first water line splitter, the foam water valve in fluid communication with a downstream carbonation device and a downstream distribution outlet; at least one normally closed carbon dioxide gas valve in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas tank; an electronic control module in electrical communication with the water supply pump, the foam water valve, the carbon dioxide gas valve, and the cold water valve for opening and closing those valves and for powering the supply pump on and off; a cold water selector in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing chilled still water, the cold water selector, when activated, powering on the water supply pump and energizing the cold water valve open to allow chilled still water to flow to the dispensing outlet when the device is in use; A beverage dispensing device comprising: a carbonated water selector in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing chilled carbonated water, wherein when the carbonated water selector is activated, the water supply pump is powered on and both the sparkling water valve and the carbon dioxide gas valve are energized and open, allowing carbonated water to flow to the dispensing outlet during use of the device.

2. 2. The beverage dispensing system of claim 1, further comprising at least one first static venturi restriction device located downstream of the foamed water valve and in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide gas valve, and located downstream of the cold water line splitter and in fluid communication with the cold water line splitter.

3. 3. The beverage dispensing system of claim 2, further comprising one or more static in-line carbonation devices downstream of and in fluid communication with the at least one first static Venturi restriction device for further carbonating water flowing through the at least one first static Venturi restriction device, the in-line Venturi restriction device being at least partially inserted into and cooled by the heat exchanger, the carbonation device being in fluid communication with the dispensing outlet downstream of the carbonation device.

4. 2. The beverage dispensing system of claim 1, further comprising a normally closed main inlet valve positioned downstream of the main inlet port and in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the main inlet valve, wherein the main inlet valve is energized open when the cold water selector or the carbonated water selector is activated.

5. 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 1, further comprising a flow meter in fluid communication with the main inlet port and electrically connected to the control module for measuring the amount of water dispensed.

6. a normally closed ambient water valve in fluid communication with the main valve and the distribution outlet and in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the ambient water valve; 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: an ambient water selector in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing ambient temperature water, the ambient water selector, when activated, causing the controller to open the ambient water valve to allow ambient temperature water to be dispensed during use of the apparatus.

7. 1. A beverage dispensing device for an alkaline beverage, comprising: a normally closed ambient water valve in fluid communication with the main water inlet port of the dispensing apparatus for receiving water during use and in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the ambient water valve; an alkaline cartridge downstream of the ambient water valve, the alkaline cartridge having an inlet in fluid communication with the ambient water valve and a cartridge outlet in fluid communication with an alkaline water line; an alkaline cartridge containing at least one alkaline inorganic salt and a downstream activated granular carbon bed in fluid communication with said alkaline cartridge outlet; and an alkaline selector in electrical communication with an electronic control module to dispense alkaline water by opening the ambient water valve to allow ambient temperature water to flow through the alkaline cartridge and into the alkaline water line.

8. 8. The beverage dispensing system of claim 7, wherein the alkaline chamber comprises a cartridge containing inorganic ceramic balls, the cartridge being in fluid communication with the ambient water valve and removably connected to a manifold having a manifold inlet downstream of the ambient water valve, the manifold having a manifold outlet in fluid communication with the alkaline water line.

9. the dispensing apparatus having a refrigeration system for chilling and cooling water, a normally closed cold water valve capable of being activated by a controller to dispense cold water from the refrigeration system; the dispensing device has an outlet in fluid communication with both the alkaline water line and the cold water line; 9. The beverage dispensing system of claim 8, wherein the controller opens and then closes both the ambient water valve and the cold water valve to dispense a mixture of cold water and alkaline water at the dispensing outlet during use of the dispensing system.

10. 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 9, wherein the cold water valve opens for a time interval that is shorter than the time interval that the ambient water valve is opened and then closed.

11. 1. A beverage dispensing apparatus having a hot water dispensing outlet for a hot water beverage, comprising: a normally closed type hot water valve in fluid communication with a hot water tank located downstream relative to the hot water valve, the hot water valve in electrical communication with an electronic control module; a normally closed type hot water valve, the hot water tank having a hot water storage vessel at a bottom of the tank and a steam chamber at a top of the tank, a partition separating the hot water storage vessel from the steam chamber, and a discharge opening in the partition, the tank having a fluid inlet at the bottom of the tank in fluid communication with the hot water valve and the hot water storage vessel; an electrical resistance heating element within the hot water containment vessel in electrical communication with the electronic control module, the heating element operated by a temperature sensor that powers the heating element on when the temperature sensor detects a temperature below a certain value and powers the heating element off when the temperature sensor detects a temperature above a certain value, thereby cycling power to the heating element between the upper temperature limit and the lower temperature limit; the heating element is enclosed in a stainless steel protective cylinder in thermal contact with the water in the hot water reservoir and heats the water inside the reservoir such that its temperature is always maintained between the circulating temperature; the hot water tank has a hot water outlet at a top of the tank in fluid communication with both the hot water storage vessel and the steam chest, so that during use of the apparatus, water flows into the bottom of the tank and out the top of the tank, the hot water outlet being in fluid communication with the hot water distribution outlet via a hot water line; an electrical resistance heating element, the hot water distribution outlet being located at a higher level than the hot water tank, such that hot water must flow upwards to the hot water distribution outlet during operation of the apparatus; a steam line in fluid communication with the distribution outlet in the hot water tank and the steam chamber to provide a vent path to allow hot water to flow from the discharge opening to the outlet and back into the steam chamber and the hot water tank after the hot water valve is closed; a control tube having a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening and further having a top defining the hot water outlet, the slots being dimensioned to aspirate steam from the steam chest when hot water flows through the control tube at a predetermined flow rate; a hot water selector in electrical communication with the electronic control module for dispensing hot water, wherein when the hot water selector is activated, the control module sends an electrical signal to energize and open the hot water valve, so that when the device is in use, water flows into the hot water storage vessel, upwardly, and out of the hot water outlet to the dispensing outlet.

12. 12. The beverage dispensing system of claim 11, further comprising a safety thermostat positioned on an outer wall of the hot water tank and in electrical communication with the control module for shutting off the heating element if the temperature within the hot water tank becomes too high.

13. a hot water tank, a hot water valve, and a hot water line in fluid communication with the hot water distribution outlet; an alkaline water chamber, an alkaline water valve, and an alkaline water line in fluid communication with the hot water distribution outlet; 12. The beverage dispensing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the hot water dispensing outlet is in fluid communication with at least one of a cold water outlet, a sparkling water outlet, and an alkaline water outlet.

14. The beverage dispensing system of claim 13 , wherein each of the outlets is in fluid communication with the hot water outlet.

15. 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 1, further comprising a water filter in fluid communication with both the cold water valve and the foamed water valve, upstream of both the cold water valve and the foamed water valve.

16. The heat exchanger uses a water bath and ice bank refrigeration device, the water bath and ice bank refrigeration device comprising: a cold water container having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming a sealed water container of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated; a freezer expansion line connected to a sidewall of the cold water storage vessel having an evaporator coil within the cold water storage vessel, the evaporator coil having sufficient cooling capacity to freeze water in contact with the evaporator coil during use of the apparatus, to create an ice bank around a substantial majority of the freezer coil, and to provide a cold water bath within the ice bank; a drinking water chiller water coil located within said cold water bath and within said ice bank for chilling water flowing through said chiller coil during use; 10. The beverage dispensing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more static in-line carbonation devices are located within the cold water containing vessel at a location where the carbonation devices are at least partially submerged in the water bath during use of the system.

17. 17. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, wherein the splitter is located within the cold water bath during use of the system.

18. 17. The beverage dispensing apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a first temperature sensor in electrical communication with the electronic control module and positioned within the cold water containing vessel at a location selected to contact the ice bank along a majority of the length of the sensor during use of the apparatus.

19. 17. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising at least one agitator pump comprising a submersible pump having a first axial flow path along a longitudinal axis of the cooler coil in an inflow direction and a second radial flow path perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in an outflow direction.

20. 20. The beverage dispensing system of claim 19, further comprising a second agitator pump comprising a submersible pump having a third axial flow path along the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil in a direction opposite to the first axial flow path and a fourth radial flow path in the same direction as the second radial flow path and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.

21. 21. The beverage dispensing system of claim 20, wherein the first agitator pump and the second agitator pump are each at least partially submerged within the cold water containing vessel during use, each agitator pump having first and second corresponding inlet ports extending along a longitudinal axis of the cooler coil and forming their inlet ports, each agitator pump having a plurality of outlets forming the outlet ports, and wherein the inlet and outlet ports of each agitator pump create an annular flow path in a portion of the cold water containing vessel.

22. at least one agitator pump at least partially internal to the chiller coil and in electrical communication with the controller; 17. The beverage dispensing apparatus of claim 16, further comprising an ice contact temperature sensor located within the chilled water containing vessel at a location that contacts the ice bank during use of the apparatus, the sensor also being in electrical communication with the controller, such that during use of the apparatus, as the ice bank grows and contacts the ice contact temperature sensor, the ice contact temperature sensor sends a signal to the controller, and in response to that signal, the controller starts up the refrigeration device by turning off a compressor and a fan of the refrigeration device when the growth of the ice bank reaches the temperature sensor.

23. a normally closed cold water reservoir fill valve having an upstream end in fluid communication with a primary water source and a downstream end in fluid communication with a cold water reservoir fill line in fluid communication with the cold water reservoir; 17. The beverage dispensing system of claim 16, further comprising: a water level sensor located on a top of the cold water reservoir for sensing a water level in the cold water reservoir, the cold water reservoir fill valve and the water level sensor each being in electrical communication with the controller, the controller having circuitry configured to open the cold water reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor reaches a predetermined low level determined by the sensor and to close the cold water reservoir fill valve when the water level sensor is at a maximum fill level determined by the sensor.

24. the cold water reservoir includes a top wall, a bottom wall and a side wall forming a sealed enclosure of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated, and at least a majority of the fluid and electrical communication lines extend through a sealed fluid connection at the top of the cold water reservoir; 24. The beverage dispensing system of claim 23, wherein a drain at the bottom of the water containing vessel is in fluid communication with a drain line connection on the beverage dispensing system.

25. 1. A beverage dispensing machine for dispensing a plurality of beverages, comprising: a housing having a first main water inlet port in fluid communication with a water supply pump within the housing to provide water to the water supply pump during use of the apparatus; a cold water container having a top wall, a bottom wall, and a side wall forming a sealed water container of a predetermined volume, all walls being insulated; a freezer expansion line connected to a sidewall of the chilled water storage vessel having an evaporator coil inside the sidewall, the evaporator coil forming a figure-of-eight configuration with a first vertical freezer coil at a first end of the figure-of-eight configuration and a second vertical freezer coil at a second end of the figure-of-eight configuration, the freezer coil having interleaved connecting segments extending between the first vertical freezer coil and the second vertical freezer coil, the evaporator coil having sufficient cooling capacity during use of the apparatus to freeze water in contact with the freezer coil and create a wall ice bank around at least a majority of an area of ​​the sidewall and to create a central ice bank extending between two opposing sidewalls of the water storage vessel between which the interleaved segments of the first freezer coil and the second freezer coil are interleaved; a first vertical drinking water chiller water coil located within the first freezer coil and having an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with a distribution outlet; a second vertical beverage water cooler water coil located within the second freezer coil and having an upstream end in fluid communication with the water supply pump and a downstream end in fluid communication with a dispensing outlet.

26. 1. A hot water tank for use in a beverage dispenser apparatus having a water inlet and a hot water outlet and a plurality of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, the selector buttons being in electrical communication with a controller for actuating appropriate valves within the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverage associated with the corresponding selector button through a discharge opening, one of the selector buttons including a hot water button, the hot water tank comprising: a hot water tank housing housing a hot water container in a bottom portion of the housing, a steam chamber in a top portion of the housing, a partition wall separating the hot water container from the steam chamber, the partition wall having a discharge opening, the housing having a water inlet in a bottom portion of the housing; a control tube extending from the discharge opening through the steam chamber and through the top of the housing, the control tube having a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening in the bulkhead, the slotted bottom having a plurality of slots configured to draw any water vapor in the steam chamber into the water flowing through the control tube while preventing water flowing through the control tube at a rate of more than 1 liter per minute from also flowing through the slots, the slots being sized to allow water vapor from the hot water storage vessel to enter the steam chamber; an outlet for distributing the hot water from the apparatus, the outlet being positioned higher relative to the hot water tank housing and the control tube such that hot water flows upwardly from the hot water storage vessel; and a vent tube having a first end in fluid communication with the steam chest and a second end exterior to the housing, the second end configured to connect to a steam line; an electrical resistance heating element in thermal communication with the hot water reservoir within the housing of the hot water tank for heating water therein during use of the tank; a temperature control NTC sensor in thermal communication with the high-temperature water storage vessel.

27. 27. The hot water tank of claim 26, further comprising a control tube in fluid communication with the hot water storage vessel at a bottom thereof and having a restricted opening at a bottom thereof having a cross-sectional area of ​​a fluid passage that is less than half the cross-sectional area of ​​the control tube.

28. 28. The hot water tank of claim 27, wherein the physical distance between the heating element in the hot water storage vessel and the temperature sensor of the NTC is less than 2 mm.

29. 1. A beverage dispenser having a hot water tank for use in dispensing hot water from the apparatus, the beverage dispenser having a water inlet, a hot water outlet, and a plurality of beverage selector buttons associated with different beverages, each button in electrical communication with a control module for actuating an appropriate valve within the beverage dispenser to dispense the different beverage associated with the corresponding selector button via the beverage dispensing outlet, one of the selector buttons including a hot water button, the beverage dispenser comprising: a normally closed hot water valve in fluid communication with a normally closed main valve in fluid communication with a water inlet of the beverage dispenser, the normally closed hot water valve being in electrical communication with the control module for opening and closing the hot water valve; a hot water tank having a hot water container at a bottom of the tank, a steam chamber at a top of the tank, and a partition separating the hot water container from the steam chamber, the partition having a discharge opening that fluidly connects the hot water container and the steam container, the tank having a water inlet at the bottom in fluid communication with the hot water valve and the hot water container, the tank having a control pipe extending from the discharge opening through the top of the tank and in fluid communication with the hot water container and the steam chamber, so that water can flow into the bottom of the tank and out of the top of the tank during use of the device, the hot water outlet being in fluid communication with the beverage dispensing outlet via a hot water line, the beverage dispensing outlet being vertically above the hot water outlet of the tank, a hot water tank, the control tube having a slotted bottom surrounding the discharge opening in the bulkhead, the slotted bottom having a plurality of slots extending along a length of the control tube and configured to draw at least a portion of any water vapor in the steam chamber into the water flowing through the control tube at a flow rate of at least one liter per minute or greater while preventing the water flowing through the control tube from also flowing through the slots, the slots being dimensioned to allow water vapor from the hot water storage vessel to enter the steam chamber; an electrical resistance heating element in thermal communication with the hot water container in the tank for heating water in the hot water container during use of the apparatus, the heating element in electrical communication with the control module; a temperature control NTC sensor in thermal communication with the high-temperature water storage vessel; A beverage dispensing apparatus, wherein, during use of the apparatus, when the hot water valve is energized open, water flows into the hot water containing vessel, upwardly, and out of the hot water outlet to the dispensing outlet.

30. a vent tube having a first end in fluid communication with the steam chest and a second end external to the heater tank, the second end configured to connect to a fluid line during use of the heating element; 30. The beverage dispensing system of claim 29, further comprising a safety thermostat in electrical communication with the heating element, the control module, and an on / off switch on an outer wall of the high temperature tank, wherein when the temperature of the wall of the high temperature tank exceeds a certain value, the thermostat opens the electrical circuit to prevent the high temperature tank from overheating.

31. 31. The beverage dispensing apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a water deflector in the water inlet port positioned at the bottom of the hot water storage vessel and in fluid communication with a hot water valve, the water deflector diverting the flow path of the incoming water when the hot water valve is open, thereby directing the incoming water toward the heating element during use of the dispensing apparatus to avoid the inlet water flowing directly through the control pipe without first mixing with the hot water in the hot water storage vessel.

32. 32. The beverage dispensing system of claim 31, further comprising a protective stainless steel shirt around the heating element to avoid scale build-up that reduces the thermal efficiency of the heating element.

33. 1. An agitator pump that is fully submerged in a cold water bath inside a cold water storage vessel in a beverage dispensing apparatus, the apparatus having a beverage cooling coil located at least substantially inside the cold water bath, and an ice bank surrounding a portion of the cold water bath inside the insulated cold water storage vessel, the ice bank having an evaporator coil with a refrigerant liquid that absorbs heat and forms an ice bank, the agitator pump comprising: a submersible pump having at least one first suction port that, in use, creates a suction flow path oriented toward the beverage water cooler coil for directing the water bath surrounding the wall of the beverage water cooler coil toward the inlet port of the agitator; the agitator pump having a plurality of second outlet ports oriented in use in a plane perpendicular to the suction flow passage, the outlet ports extending outwardly relative to the suction longitudinal axis; the plurality of outlet openings are oriented to direct the outlet of the water bath toward the ice bank and the evaporator coil; The at least one inlet port and the plurality of outlet ports cooperate during use of the agitator pump to draw and expel water from the water bath of the cold water storage vessel.

34. a vertically oriented suction flow inlet port, the agitator pump extending along a longitudinal axis and positioned within the potable water cooling coil, the agitator pump positioned within the chilled water; the agitator pump having a suction port thereof extending into the interior of the cooler coil along the same longitudinal axis as the longitudinal axis of the cooler coil to create a suction flow path during use; 34. The agitator pump of claim 33, wherein the plurality of second outlet ports are oriented outwardly from the longitudinal axis and, in use, create an outlet path extending outwardly from the longitudinal axis and through the coil of the beverage water cooler coil.

35. 35. The agitator pump of claim 34, wherein the plurality of outlet openings are oriented to direct the outlet path toward the ice bank and the evaporator coil, but away from a temperature sensor inside the chilled water containment vessel.

36. 36. The agitator pump of claim 35, further comprising a plurality of outlet tubes each connected to a different one of the outlet openings and extending outwardly from a respective outlet opening to direct the flow of water from the agitator pump outlet to the ice bank, the outlet tubes being oriented to avoid the outlet water passages flowing directly to any of the temperature sensors within the water bath.

37. a second agitator pump, said two agitator pumps having their corresponding inlet ports facing each other, each with a suction flow directed vertically, said agitator pumps having a plurality of outlet ports oriented outwardly from said longitudinal axis, said agitator pumps generating a second flow path extending outwardly from said longitudinal axis in use, said first port and said second port in each agitator pump cooperating in use to discharge chilled water through at least one outlet port; 36. The agitator pump of claim 35, wherein the inlet and outlet ports are located within the cold water containing vessel such that the inlet and outlet ports are fully immersed in the cold water bath during use, and both of the agitator pumps are located inside the cold water coil.

38. 34. The agitator pump of claim 33, further comprising an ice contact temperature sensor located within the cold water reservoir at a location that contacts the ice bank during use of the device, the sensor transmitting an electrical signal indicative of when the ice bank is in contact with the sensor and when the ice bank is not in contact with the sensor.

39. 34. The agitator pump of claim 33, further comprising a drinking water temperature sensor for controlling the temperature of the drinking water inside the chiller coil during the water bath, the sensor sending a first electronic signal to an electronic control module to start the agitator pump when the temperature of the drinking water exceeds a certain upper temperature point and sending a second electronic signal to stop the agitator pump when the temperature falls below a certain lower temperature point.

40. 40. The agitator pump of claim 39, wherein the electronic control module maintains the agitator in its existing state (operating if it was operating, or idling if it was not operating) when the temperature of the drinking water is between the upper temperature point and the lower temperature point.

41. 40. The agitator pump of claim 39, wherein the exit rate of the discharged water varies based on the temperature of the potable water, and the agitator speed starts at zero when the temperature is below a certain lower temperature point and increases proportionally as the temperature of the potable water increases above the lower temperature point.

42. 38. A further second agitator pump as claimed in claim 37, wherein the operation of each agitator pump depends on the temperature of the drinking water, and both agitator pumps are operating when the temperature of the drinking water inside the cooler coil exceeds a first predetermined value corresponding to the upper temperature point, neither of the two agitator pumps is operating when the temperature of the drinking water inside the cooler coil is below a second predetermined value corresponding to the lower temperature point, and only one of the two agitator pumps is operating when the temperature of the drinking water is between the two temperature points.

43. 40. The agitator pump of claim 39, wherein said upper temperature point is 1.2°C and said lower temperature point is 0.6°C, including a range of + / - 0.5°C from each value.

44. 1. A cup alignment device for a beverage dispenser comprising a housing, a tap for dispensing at least one consumable liquid, a cup support below said tap, on which a beverage cup can be placed to receive said liquid dispensed from said tap, and a housing wall located between said tap and the cup support and behind a vertical line between said cup support and said tap, an illumination light bar on the housing wall extending along a vertical path between the bung and the cup support; a plastic shield covering the light bar and connected to the housing wall to shield the light bar from the liquid during use of the beverage dispenser.

45. 45. The cup alignment device of claim 44, wherein the light bar includes a plurality of LEDs in electrical communication with a timer and electrical control circuitry configured to sequentially and separately activate each LED.

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