1066 results about "Alkaline hydrolysis" patented technology

Fuels and other valuable compositions and compounds can be made from oil extracted from microbial biomass and from oil-bearing microbial biomass via hydroprocessing and/or other chemical treatments, including the alkaline hydrolysis of glycerolipids and fatty acid esters to fatty acid salts.

Soap and cosmetic products can be made from oil-bearing microbial biomass via the alkaline hydrolysis of glycerolipids and fatty acid esters to fatty acid salts. The saponified microbial oils/lipids can be combined with a variety of additives to produce compositions for use as soaps and other cosmetic products, which may also contain other constituents of the biomass, including unsaponified oils, glycerol and carotenoids, among others.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for photodynamic therapy. The composition comprises ceramic nanoparticles in which a photosensitive drug/dye is entrapped. The ceramic nanoparticles are made by formation of a micellar composition of the dye. The ceramic material is added to the micellar composition and the ceramic nanoparticles are precipitated by alkaline hydrolysis. The precipitated nanoparticles in which the photosensitive dye/drug is entrapped can be isolated by dialysis. The resulting drug doped nanoparticles are spherical, highly monodispersed, and stable in aqueous system. Irradiation with light of suitable wavelength of the photosensitizing drug entrapped inside nanoparticles resulted in generation of singlet oxygen, which was able to diffuse out through the pores of the ceramic matrix. The drug loaded ceramic nanoparticles of the present invention can be used as drug carriers for photodynamic therapy.

The invention discloses a method for preparing methionine. The method for preparing the methionine concretely comprises the steps that cyanohydrins, carbon dioxide and ammonia or sodium cyanide, 3-(Methylthio)propionaldehyde, carbon dioxide and ammonia serve as raw materials to prepare hydantoin; alkaline hydrolysis is conducted on the hydantoin and then the hydantoin is acidized to pH 3.0-6.0 to obtain a compound of the methionine and salts; crystallization is conducted under the condition of temperature ranges from 8 DEG C to 45 DEG C, then the compound is separated to obtain a methionine crystal and salt mother liquor, the methionine crystal is washed by water and dried, and washing liquor is standby; finally, the salt mother liquor is concentrated under the condition of temperature which is lower than 60 DEG C, and then the salt mother liquor passes through a chromatographic column to obtain an inorganic salt and the methionine; the preparation method can efficiently separate the methionine and the salts, the recovery rate of the methionine can reach 99%, and the method is green and protects the environment, no methionine is resolved, no large number of acid and stink wastewater is discharged, and the purity of the inorganic salt is high and can be sold as a commodity.

The invention relates to a method of economically recycling phosphor from excess sludge. The method comprises the following steps: (1), pre-treating the excess sludge; (2), carrying out alkaline hydrolysis on the excess sludge, wherein the alkaline hydrolysis is carried out by a single-stage alkaline hydrolysis method or a two-stage alkaline hydrolysis method; measuring concentration of orthophosphate and ammonia nitrogen in liquid supernatant; and (3), adding magnesium salt aqueous liquor with a Mg/P molar ratio of 0.8-2, stirring and reacting for 10 minutes-120 minutes, gravitationally or centrifugally separating precipitates, naturally drying the precipitates to obtain a magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product. Organic substances remained in the liquid supernatant can be used for producing methane by anaerobic fermentation or supplementing a carbon source by a reflux wastewater treatment system, also can be used for supplementing alkalinity needed for an anaerobic unit, so that comprehensive utilization of excess sludge is facilitated. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that nutrient elements in the sludge are comprehensively utilized, process is simple, and phosphor can be recycled by only adding the magnesium salt; and meanwhile, ammonia nitrogen can be partly recycled without regulating pH, and the obtained magnesium ammonium phosphate crude product can be used for producing fertilizers.

The invention discloses a method of extracting lithium from electrolytic aluminium waste residues. The method comprises the following steps of performing a reaction on the electrolytic aluminium waste residues containing the lithium and concentrated sulfuric acid under the condition of 200 to 400 DEG C, and a mixture A is obtained; adding water into the mixture A, filtering after leaching to obtain filtrate A and a filter residue A; adding the filtrate A into sodium carbonate, and performing an alkaline hydrolysis reaction under the condition of 20 to 40 DEG C, then filtering to obtain filtrate B and a filter residue B; adding water into the filter residue B to prepare slurry, then adding lime into the slurry for a causticizing reaction, then filtering to obtain filtrate C and a filter residue C; feeding CO2 into the filtrate C in step 4) for a carbonization reaction, then filtering, washing, drying so as to obtain the lithium. The content of impurity ions in the obtained cell grade lithium carbonate is low, the quality of a product is excellent, and the problems of low yield, high production cost, weak market competitiveness when the lithium is extracted from ore to prepare the cell grade lithium carbonate at present are solved; a new process that a high value-added and high quality lithium product is produced by low-grade lithium resources is developed, the process is simple, the industrialized operation is liable to be realized, and the economic and social benefit is remarkable.

Polymer composite films were prepared by solvent casting suspensions of quantum dots (QDs) in cellulose triacetate (CTA) solution. The films were robust and possessed the optical properties characteristic of QDs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the films revealed that the QDs were well dispersed within the CTA film matrix. The selective alkaline hydrolysis of QD/CTA films in 0.1N NaOH over 24 hours resulted in the surface conversion of CTA to regenerated cellulose. Optical properties of the films were probed both before and after the hydrolysis reaction using fluorescence spectroscopy, and were found generally unaltered. The cellulose surfaces of the alkaline treated films allow for facile incorporation of the films into paper sheets.

The invention relates to the process for preparing protopanoxadiol and protopanaxatriol by using general saponin extract from panax ginseng plant leaves and gynostemma pentaphylla extractive as raw material for alkaline hydrolysis reaction in organic solvent through column chromatography and purification.

The invention provides a device and a method for improving the biological dephosphorizing and denitriding efficiency of low carbon source sewage, belonging to the technical fields of sewage treatment and residual sludge treatment. The method comprises the following steps of: under the microwave alkaline hydrolysis condition, hydrolyzing solid organic matters in the residual sludge into soluble organic matters; recovering and hydrolyzing nitrogen and phosphor in supernate by adopting a magnesium ammonium phosphate setting method; and adding the hydrolyzed supernate subjected to dephosphorizing and denitriding treatment in the low carbon source sewage and carrying out biological dephosphorizing and denitriding treatment on the hydrolyzed supernate so as to improve the biological dephosphorizing and denitriding efficiency of the low carbon source sewage. According to the invention, by carrying out the microwave alkaline hydrolysis treatment on the residual sludge to produce high-concentration soluble organic matters easy to biodegrade, the product can be used as a low-price carbon source subjected to biological dephosphorizing and denitriding treatment in the lower carbon source sewage, and the biological dephosphorizing and denitriding efficiency in the lower carbon source sewage can be improved; meanwhile, sludge minimization, reclamation and harmlessness can be realized. The VSS (Volatile Suspended Solids) solubility in the sludge can be improved to 82 percent, so that the effluent quality of the low carbon source sewage treated by the device and the method achieves the first-class B standard 'Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant' (GB18918-2002).

A method for environment-friendly clean production of D,L-methionine includes: performing alkaline hydrolysis of 5-(2-methylmercaptoethyl)-hydantoin to obtain carbonate-containing methionine alkali metal saponified solution; then feeding carbon dioxide, crystallizing, and separating to respectively obtain methionine and hydrocarbonate water solution of methionine; subjecting the hydrocarbonate water solution of methionine to chromatographic separation. The method has advantages that loss of D,L-methionine due to pyrolysis can be reduced, simplicity in operation, low cost and high utilization rate of raw materials are realized, high efficiency in acquisition of high-purity methionine crystals is achieved, the purity of the obtained methionine is up to 99.4%, the methionine recovery rate reaches 97%, and the desalinization rate reaches 98% or above. In addition, accumulation of a great quantity of impurities of methionine-containing potassium bicarbonate mother liquor and emission of the potassium bicarbonate mother liquor are avoided, discharge of saline wastewater is avoided, and accordingly environment friendliness and clean production are realized. In a whole process, potassium carbonate serving as a hydrolysis agent is recycled without loss, and replenishment of alkaline potassium compounds is avoided.

The invention relates to a technology for treating waste water produced by rubber accelerator production. The technology comprises the following steps of 1, adjusting quality and an amount of waste water produced by rubber accelerator production, adjusting pH value of the waste water to 11-13, adjusting a temperature of the waste water to 60-90 DEG C, and carrying out stirring for 2-4h for alkaline hydrolysis, 2, adjusting a pH value of the waste water to 5.0-6.0 by sulfuric acid, and carrying out evaporation desalination, 3, carrying out anaerobic treatment on the waste water subjected to evaporation desalination, 4, orderly carrying out anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment and secondary precipitation of the anaerobic precipitation product water, wherein a mixed solution and sludge backflow process is carried out between the secondary precipitation and the anaerobic treatment, and 5, orderly carrying out Fenton catalytic oxidation, coagulating sedimentation and filtration deep treatment on the secondary precipitation product water. According to the characteristic of quality and amount of waste water produced by rubber accelerator production, the technology combines a physicochemical treatment method and a biochemical treatment method, realizes that COD and ammonia nitrogen indexes of waste water stably reach corresponding emission standards, has a compact process, is convenient for operation, has low energy consumption and strong practicality, and can be industrialized easily. The waste water treated deeply can be used as recycled water so that waste water recycle is realized.

The invention provides an elagolix synthesis method. The elagolix synthesis method comprises enabling a compound 5 and a compound 10 to participate in a condensation reaction to finish N-alkylation reaction to obtain a compound 11, and then implementing alkaline hydrolysis to obtain elagolix 12. The invention further discloses two synthesis methods of the compound 5: the method I comprises enabling a 5-bromine-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diketone compound 1 and a 2-(brooethyl)-1-fluorin-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzene compound 2 to have a condensation reaction to obtain an intermediate 3, and then having a coupling reaction; the method II comprises enabling 1-halide-3-fluorin-2-anisole and acetoacetate 7 to have a coupling reaction to obtain a compound 8, and then having a condensation cyclization reaction with a compound 9; the improvements greatly shorten the route steps, the route efficiency is improved, the use of a noble metal catalyst is avoided, and the process cost is greatly lowered. The operation of the route is simple, the total yield is high, the purity of an obtained product is also relatively high, and the method is suitable for the enlarged production.

The invention relates to a preparation method of acipimox for treating hyperlipidemia, belonging to the field of medicines. The invention provides an acipimox synthesis process which is simple and easy to operate. The preparation method comprises steps of with 2, 5-dimethylpyrazine as a raw material, carrying out nitrogen oxidation, reaction with acetic anhydride and alkaline hydrolysis to obtain 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methylpyrazine; directly oxidizing a post-treatment fluid by using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy/sodium hypochlorite/potassium bromide to obtain 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, wherein the post-treatment fluid is not needed to be dried and concentrated; oxidizing 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid by using hydrogen peroxide/sodium tungstate to obtain acipimox.

The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling and reutilization of waste polyurethane foam products, and in particular relates to a method for degrading waste polyurethane foam to recyclepolyether polyol. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing and compounding low molecular alcohol and degradation auxiliary agents to form an alcoholysis solution; adding the waste polyurethane foam into the alcoholysis solution and carrying out degradation reaction; carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on degraded crude polyether to obtain recyclable crude polyether polyol. According to the method provided by the invention, the low molecular alcohol is used as an alcoholysis agent and various degradation auxiliary agents are added, so that the recycling ofthe waste polyurethane foam with different physical and mechanical properties is realized under a relatively moderate condition through reaction mechanisms of chemical alcoholysis and alkaline hydrolysis, and recycled polyether polyols with various viscosity and different hydroxyl values are obtained; the method has the advantages of low cost, simple technology, high recycling efficiency, greenness and environment protection and the like; different polyurethane foam recycling requirements are met, and the method can be stably applied to subsequent polyurethane foaming.

The invention discloses a method of detecting heavy metal lead, cadmium, arsenic and copper in a TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) tablet. The method comprises the following steps: after carrying out microwave alkaline hydrolysis on tablet powder with an ammonia chloride containing diluted alkali solution, quickly adding hydrogen peroxide containing dilute acid solution, and ultrasonically extracting after the pH value is adjusted to be not more than 2; carrying out constant volume on an extract after the centrifugation, condensation and microfiltration; and finally, determining by adopting an atomic absorbency method. According to the method, a sample is preprocessed by an alkaline-hydrolysis acid-extracting method, therefore, the loss of heavy metal element caused by high temperature of a dry ashing method and air pollution and potential danger caused by a resolution method can be prevented; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of being good in recovery rate, high in precision, fast in processing speed, convenient to operate, wide in range of application and the like, and is more suitable for the quantitative determination of trace metal elements.

The invention discloses a method for recovering collagen and chromium salts from chromium-containing scrap leather residues, which comprises the following steps: carrying out alkaline hydrolysis on chromium-containing scrap leather residues with strong alkali assisted by metal oxide and surfactant, recovering collagen from the filtrate, hydrolyzing the filter residues with strong acid, and sequentially carry out redox reaction to obtain a chrome tanning solution or drying to obtain a powdery chrome tanning agent. The invention has the advantages of fewer steps, short period, high efficiency and low production cost, is simple to operate, and can implement effective separation of chromium and hydrolyzed collagen; the recovered industrial collagen has low chromium content and high added value, and thus, can be used as a raw material for producing other fine industrial chemicals; the recovered chromium salts are free of calcium salts, and thus, can be used as a tanning agent for leather tanning again; and the invention does not generate tailings or wastewater, thereby avoiding secondary pollution.

The invention relates to a method for extracting heparin sodium by utilizing pork lungs, which has the following steps of: grinding fresh pork lungs into pork lung paste; adding deionized water, lysis agent and preservative; reacting to obtain pork lung serous fluid; adding deionized water and sodium chloride; reacting to obtain pork lung alkaline hydrolysis liquid; slowly heating the pork lung alkaline hydrolysis liquid and adding heparin sodium protamex; after heat preservation and reaction, slowly heating and continuously carrying out heat preservation to obtain pork lung enzymolysis liquid; replenishing sodium chloride after cooling the pork lung enzymolysis liquid; reacting to obtain pork lung salt hydrolysis liquid; heating and carrying out heat preservation on the pork lung salt hydrolysis liquid; adding composite protein precipitation agent; stirring; collecting clear liquid after static placing; concentrating the clear liquid and then adding ethanol; precipitating overnight to obtain precipitate; and dehydrating and drying to obtain a crude product of the heparin sodium. According to the invention, the production cost of the heparin sodium can be reduced, the product quality and the yield can be improved, the large-scale production can be easily realized, meanwhile, the usage amount of chemical reagents is reduced, the emission of waste is reduced, and no waste gas orwaste water is discharged. The economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious.

The invention discloses an environment-friendly clean production method of D,L-methionine. The method comprises the following steps: (1) D,L-methionine salt water is adopted as a raw material, and is subjected to a bipolar membrane electrodialysis treatment in a bipolar membrane electrodialysis system, wherein the pH value in a salt chamber is controlled at 5.5-6.0, such that a D,L-methionine solution is obtained, and an alkali solution is obtained in an alkali chamber; and (2) D,L-methionine separated from the D,L-methionine solution obtained in the step (1). According to the invention, acid for neutralization is not needed, such that a by-product sulfate or hydrochloride is completely eliminated. The method causes no three-waste (waste gas, waste water, and solid waste) pollution, and helps reducing salt-containing waste water treatment cost. With the method, product quality is good, and yield is high. Also, according to the invention, the D,L-methionine salt is prepared with 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile direct ammoniation, alkaline hydrolysis, and ammonia removing, such that carbonate is not produced. In the subsequent bipolar membrane electrodialysis treatment, energy consumption can be saved, and production cost can be reduced.

The invention discloses a processing method for cephalosporin dreg. The processing method comprises the following process steps of: (A) thermal alkaline hydrolysis and separation treatment: uniformly mixing cephalosporin dreg, water and alkali, carrying out constant-temperature alkaline hydrolysis reaction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation at a certain temperature after the constant-temperature alkaline hydrolysis reaction, so as to obtain sediments to be standby; and (B) anaerobic digestion treatment: inoculating anaerobic activated sludge into an anaerobic fermentation tank, mixing the sediments obtained in the step (A) with excess sludge produced by utilizing wastewater biological treatment, injecting the mixture into the fermentation tank, carrying out constant-temperature stirring, and carrying out biogas residue discharging and feeding during fermentation. According to the processing method for the cephalosporin dreg, drug residues in the cephalosporin dreg can be completely removed, the problem that the anaerobic fermentation of single cephalosporin dreg cannot be effectively sustained is solved, and the reduction and innocent treatment to the cephalosporin dreg are realized; and biogas residues produced during the processing process can be used for preparing raw materials of organic fertilizers, the produced sewage gas can be used as clean fuels, and safe and effective disposition and resource utilization to the cephalosporin dreg are realized.

The invention provides a method for preparing a water-soluble monascus yellow pigment. Alcohol-soluble monascus red pigment generated by monascus metabolism is used as a raw material. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out sulfonation reaction; and centrifuging or filtering, precipitating and washing, carrying out alkaline hydrolysis, neutralizing, drying and crushing to prepare the water-soluble monascus yellow pigment. Compared with the conventional method, the method for preparing the water-soluble yellow pigment has the advantages of readily available reaction raw materials, low price, simple process, easy separation of products, mild reaction conditions, recycling use of excess sulfuric acid and environmental protection.

The invention discloses a preparation process of glycine, which comprises amination, alkaline hydrolysis, ammonia discharge acidification, decolorizing, concentration, desalting, crystallization and recrystallization steps, wherein in the amination step, hydroxyacetonitrile and ammonia water are mixed in a tubular reactor, and a reaction is undergone at the temperature of 50-100 DEG C under the pressure of 0.5-2.0 MPa for 4-10 minutes; and in the alkaline hydrolysis step, 30-50 percent of sodium hydroxide solution is added into an alkaline hydrolysis reactor in advance, an amination liquid is collected from an amination liquid outlet, a reaction is undergone at the temperature of 60-90 DEG C under the pressure of between -0.01 MPa and -0.09 MPa, and ammonia in a system is recovered simultaneously. In the process, the tubular reactor is taken as an amination reactor, so that the reaction temperature and pressure are raised, the reaction time is shortened, and raw material decomposition, pyrolytic polymerization of aminoacetonitrile and the generation of byproducts are reduced; alkaline hydrolysis is performed during the collection of the amination liquid, the concentration of an alkaline liquor and the alkaline hydrolysis temperature are raised simultaneously, and ammonia in the system is recovered under reduced pressure, so that the alkaline hydrolysis reaction is more complete, the speed is higher, and the generation of colored impurities is reduced; and a mother liquor circular utilizing mode is established, so that the treatment amount of waste mother liquor is reduced, the product yield is increased, and the production cost is reduced.