The invention relates to a method for comprehensively recycling the fecal sewage of large-scale livestock and poultry farms and farmland crop straws, which comprises the following steps of: (1) performing anaerobic digestion, namely regulating the solid content of the fecal sewage of livestock and poultry to be between 5 and 10 percent, adding anaerobic digestion inocula, and performing the anaerobic digestion to generate methane; (2) performing energy utilization on the methane, namely purifying the methane obtained in the step (1) to be used as fuel gas or allowing the purified methane to be used for power generation to perform energy utilization; (3) performing solid-liquid separation, namely performing the solid-liquid separation on biogas residues and biogas slurry which are obtainedin the step (1) to obtain the biogas slurry and the biogas residues of which the moisture content is about 60 percent; (4) preparing a biological organic compound fertilizer from the biogas slurry, and mixing the biogas residues and part of biogas slurry with the straws and part of excrement to perform aerobic compost; and (5) mixing and performing the aerobic compost, namely mixing part of biogas slurry obtained in the step (3) and the crushed straws, regulating the moisture content of the mixture to be between 50 and 60 percent, and performing the aerobic compost. In the method, clean resources are recovered by the anaerobic digestion, and the biogas slurry is used for producing the biological organic compound fertilizer with a high additional value.