23 results about "Nernst equation" patented technology

The invention relates to a concrete chloride ion gradient monitoring and durability enhancing method and system based on MXene, and solves the problems that a traditional drilling sampling method is high in operation process destructiveness, high in cost and low in detection efficiency, test results are remarkably influenced by environmental conditions, and field real-time performance and universal applicability are lacked. The method comprises the following steps: embedding a plurality of prefabricated sensing units containing MXene-Cl composite electrode layers and toughening protection layers into concrete at different depths according to a vertical gradient to form a monitoring network; potential signals are collected through a sensing unit, after correction, the potential signals are introduced into a Nernst equation for inversion to obtain the chloride ion concentration, and osmotic distribution imaging is achieved by combining a preset vertical and transverse gradient estimation method. The intercalation adsorption characteristic of MXene on chloride ions is utilized to capture and retard migration of the chloride ions to the reinforcing steel bar. The method has the advantages that chloride ions are monitored in real time, migration of the chloride ions to the steel bars is blocked, the concrete degradation state is evaluated in combination with multi-parameter data, and early warning and durability improvement are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial process control, and discloses an intelligent optimization control method of an alkaline water hydrogen production system, which comprises the following steps: a controller synchronously acquires real-time voltage, current and temperature data of an electrolytic bath; theoretical reversible voltage is calculated according to a Nernst equation, ohm voltage drop is eliminated, and a bubble additional impedance value representing the bubble coverage degree is analyzed; performing differential processing on the change rate of the bubble additional impedance value to generate a flow feed-forward control instruction, combining a feedback control instruction based on temperature deviation to synthesize a target rotating speed instruction, and driving an alkali liquor circulating pump to adjust the flow speed; according to the method, the bubble impedance observation model is constructed, so that zero-delay sensing and decoupling control over the state of bubbles in the electrolytic cell are achieved, hysteresis of single temperature feedback is eliminated, and the problems of actuator saturation and model aging drifting are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell monitoring and life prediction, in particular to a fuel cell life prediction method combining mechanism and data driving, which comprises the following steps: calculating reversible potential of a fuel cell through a Nernst equation, and establishing a theoretical output voltage model by combining three voltage losses of activation, concentration difference and ohm; acquiring historical data of voltage attenuation under actual operation conditions, and determining a life end voltage threshold value; training historical data by using a time sequence algorithm, identifying an aging rule function of key parameters (ohmic impedance, hydrogen permeation current density, exchange current density and limiting current density), and evaluating parameter identification precision through RMSE; and substituting the parameter aging function into the voltage model to predict future voltage, and when a predicted value is lower than a life end threshold for the first time, calculating the remaining service life. According to the method, the electrochemical mechanism and the data driving technology are fused, and the prediction accuracy is remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a construction and performance analysis method for a low-pressure performance prediction model of a fuel cell, which is applied to the technical field of proton exchange membrane hydrogen-air fuel cells, and comprises the following steps: establishing an air pressure and density model changing along with altitude based on an empirical formula; according to a Nernst equation and a fuel cell polarization equation, obtaining a fuel cell monomer voltage; establishing a stack cathode and anode reaction model by using a mass conservation principle and electrochemical characteristics; and an air compressor model based on the MAP and a cathode outlet pipeline model based on the nonlinear nozzle equation are established. A simulation environment is completed by using Simulink based on the model, and simulation result data is obtained and used for predicting the performance of the fuel cell in a low-pressure environment. According to the invention, waste of manpower and material resources caused by blind low-pressure test and irreversible damage possibly caused to the fuel cell system are avoided, theoretical guidance and predictive analysis basis are provided for subsequent test research, and powerful support is provided for low-pressure performance analysis and design of the fuel cell.

The invention discloses a non-intrusive sewage pH measuring method based on an electrical impedance tomography technology, which comprises the following steps of: based on an electromagnetic field theory, acquiring a sewage boundary electric signal through the electrical impedance tomography technology, establishing theoretical correlation between pH and electrode potential by combining a Nernst equation, constructing a constitutive equation, and finally, inverting a pH value by measuring the boundary electric signal, so as to measure the pH value of the sewage. Therefore, a measurement mode which does not need to intrude into a pipeline and avoids pollution and interference is realized, the defects that a traditional electrode is fragile and difficult to miniaturize, and an optical fiber sensor is easily disturbed by the environment and is complex in high-precision assembly are overcome, the influence of the complex environment of a water body is avoided, and the measurement and calculation precision of the pH is improved.

The application relates to the technical field of electrochemical detection, and specifically discloses an ammonium sulfate PH calculation method based on an electrochemical principle and a temperature compensation technology, which comprises the following steps: collecting a non-standard state electrode potential signal and an NTC thermistor real-time resistance signal of an ammonium sulfate solution to be measured; using an improved temperature fitting algorithm based on a temperature-resistance nonlinear relationship and an optimized fitting process to convert an actual thermodynamic temperature of the solution; combining the actual thermodynamic temperature to compensate the non-standard state electrode potential signal, eliminating the interference of temperature change on the potential measurement; and substituting the compensated electrode potential value and the thermodynamic temperature into a simplified expression of the Nernst equation to inversely solve the hydrogen ion concentration, and then obtaining the final PH value of the ammonium sulfate solution through negative logarithm operation. The method optimizes the temperature fitting precision and the electrode potential compensation adaptability, and improves the PH measurement deviation problem of the ammonium sulfate solution.

A method for calculating the open circuit voltage of an all-vanadium liquid flow battery is disclosed. In the method, based on the Nernst equation, a relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge of the all-vanadium liquid flow battery is established, and a correction coefficient related to the electrolyte flow rate is added; the electrolyte flow rate is fixed, the battery is charged and discharged, and the relationship curve between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge under the flow rate is obtained experimentally; based on the experimental results, each correction coefficient is identified using a genetic algorithm; the electrolyte flow rate is changed multiple times, and a polynomial is used to fit the relationship between each correction coefficient and the electrolyte flow rate. For a specific liquid flow battery, the above steps are completed in sequence to obtain a complete open circuit voltage calculation method. The correction coefficient of the all-vanadium liquid flow battery open circuit voltage calculation method is related to the electrolyte flow rate, and the influence of the hydrogen ion concentration that is difficult to accurately calculate is taken into account. It is close to the facts of the electrochemical reaction and takes into account the calculation accuracy, which has important basic significance for the modeling of all-vanadium liquid flow batteries.

The application discloses a battery state prediction method and system based on a continuous time thermal coupling mechanism, comprising: high-frequency acquisition of multi-dimensional physical and environmental data to construct a state space vector; taking the state space vector as input, a continuous time Markov chain model is established to deduce a device running state sequence, which is mapped into radio frequency power consumption containing a radio resource control tail state and superimposed, and transient total power demand spectrum is output; based on an electrochemical model, dynamic load current is calculated, ohmic internal resistance and open circuit voltage source are determined through Arrhenius equation and Shepherd-Nernst equation, and terminal voltage and state of charge are updated; based on a two-node heat transfer dynamics model, battery temperature and shell temperature are updated, and an electro-thermal closed loop feedback is formed; boundary determination is performed according to terminal voltage and shell temperature, risk prediction and active thermal regulation are performed, and remaining endurance time and its probability distribution are output. The application realizes accurate prediction and active management under extreme working conditions.

[Problem] To provide a method and a device for obtaining the redox state of an aqueous solution as a hydrogen electrode potential. [Solution] The hydrogen electrode potential of an aqueous solution is defined using the Nernst equation. Comprises: a step for measuring the hydrogen partial pressure and temperature of a gas phase in an equilibrium state with an aqueous solution, and the pH of the aqueous solution; and a step of analyzing the hydrogen electrode potential on the basis of the measured antilogarithm pH 2 of the hydrogen partial pressure and the temperature and pH. For example, at room temperature of 25 DEG C (T = 298.15 K) and pH = 7.0, the hydrogen electrode potential can be determined from [number 32] and an approximation equation. When the pH is constant, the change in the hydrogen electrode potential of the aqueous solution can be determined from [number 33] and an approximation equation.

The invention relates to a lithium battery health state estimation method and system based on relaxation voltage, and the method comprises the steps: determining relaxation estimation voltage data based on voltage response data, a preset solid-phase diffusion model and a preset electrochemical model; performing Radon transformation on the heat dissipation information, the structure information and the appearance image, and performing multi-domain alignment with the current change information, the first temperature information, the second temperature information, the humidity information and the relaxation estimation voltage data based on the same time axis to generate a state characteristic matrix of the lithium battery; performing convex optimization solution on the state characteristic matrix based on a Nernst equation as a constraint to obtain a health state value attenuation rate value of the lithium battery; generating a relaxation voltage curve based on the state characteristic matrix and the health state value attenuation rate value; and substituting the relaxation voltage curve into a preset deep learning analysis model, and combining historical cycle data and historical environment working condition data of the lithium battery to generate a health state estimation value of the lithium battery.

Fuel cells using salts as electrolytes can obtain acids and bases. An electric field is applied to the fuel cell solution, so that active substances around the fuel electrode and the air electrode are increased. Therefore, the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved, and the adverse effect of polarization is eliminated. And the reaction speeds of the fuel electrode and the air electrode can be calculated according to the Nernst equation.

The invention discloses an SOC and SOH joint estimation method for a new energy vehicle, and the method comprises the steps: building an SOC-OCV physical model through a Nernst equation, and carrying out the initialization of a battery system, so as to load the inherent parameters of a battery; the high-frequency cycle process of the battery is synchronized with the main control period of a battery management system (BMS), and SOC and internal resistance tracking is carried out in the high-frequency cycle process so as to carry out SOC calculation and correction; and setting a specific condition triggered by the low-frequency cycle process of the battery, and carrying out capacity calibration and SOH updating in the low-frequency cycle process of the battery so as to update and obtain the actual available capacity and the capacity health state of the current battery. According to the method, the SOC and the SOH can be simultaneously estimated in an online, real-time and high-precision manner, and the method has high robustness for noise measurement and model uncertainty.

The application provides a method and device for determining output voltage of a second-order equivalent circuit model. The method comprises: determining a target open-circuit voltage value of the second-order equivalent circuit model based on an initial open-circuit voltage value of the second-order equivalent circuit model corresponding to a target battery, an electrode reaction concentration ratio of the target battery, a temperature of the target battery at a current time, and a preset Nernst equation; determining a target ohmic internal resistance value of the second-order equivalent circuit model and a target ohmic voltage value corresponding to the target ohmic internal resistance value; and determining an output voltage of the second-order equivalent circuit model at the current time based on the target open-circuit voltage value, the target ohmic voltage value, a first voltage value of a first RC circuit in the second-order equivalent circuit model, and a second voltage value of a second RC circuit in the second-order equivalent circuit model. The application solves the problem of inaccurate model parameters of a traditional lithium-ion battery caused by temperature changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the model.

The invention discloses a method and system for rapidly detecting rapidly available potassium in soil based on a neural network model guided by a Nernst equation, and relates to the field of electrochemical detection. The problems that in practical application of electrochemical detection, signals are unstable, an electrochemical signal data set with the limited number of samples limits learning of a neural network, and the electrochemical detection precision is affected are solved. The method comprises the following steps: detecting electric signals in signal acquisition equipment, detecting soil solutions with different concentrations one by one by adopting an ion selective electrode, storing the electric signals to form a soil electric signal data set, and carrying out drifting removal and coarse granularity treatment; adopting the neural network model guided by the Nernst equation to train on the soil electric signal data set; and finely adjusting the trained network model on a real soil sample signal data set by adopting an available potassium content dynamic estimation method, and converting the model output of the neural network guided by the equation into the available potassium content of the soil.

The invention provides a method and system for detecting fluorine ions in water, and relates to the technical field of ion detection.The method comprises the steps that time-aligned multi-dimensional data streams are collected through a multi-modal sensor, a physical time sequence neural network embedded with a Nernst equation and ion interference dynamics constraints is constructed, and a fluorine ion detection result is obtained; learning space-time correlation and outputting an interference compensation vector, and calculating a concentration value in combination with multi-factor coupling compensation; meanwhile, a calibration utility model is constructed based on the model confidence coefficient, the sensor state and the environment fluctuation, calibration is dynamically triggered, and the model and Nernst mechanism parameters are updated in a linkage mode. The influence by factors such as water pH fluctuation, temperature change and interference ions is easily caused.

The application relates to a concrete chloride ion gradient monitoring and durability enhancement method and system based on MXene, solves the problems that a traditional drilling sampling method is high in destructiveness and cost, low in detection efficiency, and test results are significantly affected by environmental conditions, and lacks real-time and universal applicability, and the method comprises the following steps: embedding a plurality of prefabricated MXene-Cl composite electrode layers containing sensing units with toughening protective layers into different depths of concrete in a vertical gradient to form a monitoring network; collecting potential signals through the sensing units, inputting the signals into the Nernst equation after correction to obtain chloride ion concentration, combining preset vertical and horizontal gradient estimation methods to realize penetration distribution imaging; and capturing and blocking the migration of chloride ions to the steel bars by using the intercalation adsorption characteristics of MXene on chloride ions. The application has the following effects: the chloride ions are monitored in real time, the migration of the chloride ions to the steel bars is blocked, the deterioration state of the concrete is evaluated in combination with multi-parameter data, early warning and durability improvement are realized.

A method for predicting the performance of a flow battery based on the flow rate non-uniformity between monomers is disclosed. In the method, the internal flow field of the stack is numerically calculated to obtain the flow rate distribution of each monomer; each monomer is respectively equivalent to an independent circuit and connected in series to form a stack equivalent circuit; isothermal sample experiments are carried out to obtain the response curves of each monomer, and a genetic algorithm is used to identify the parameters of each monomer equivalent circuit; a temperature field model of the flow battery system is established based on the law of conservation of energy; the stack equivalent circuit model is coupled with the temperature field model based on the modified Nernst equation; non-isothermal sample experiments are carried out and the parameters of the temperature field model are identified; the obtained complete coupled model is used to predict the performance response of the flow battery under different working conditions. The present invention comprehensively considers the flow rate non-uniformity between monomers of the flow battery, the transmembrane transport of vanadium ions and the influence of heat generation on the battery operation state, and accurately and efficiently calculates the output voltage, operating temperature and state of charge to guide the safe operation of the flow battery.

Provided are a battery discharge device and a battery discharge method using same to define a current energy state of a battery using the Nernst equation, and lower the current energy state of the battery to an optimal range facilitating crushing, thereby enabling safer and more rapid battery crushing. A battery discharge device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises: a battery state determination unit configured to determine an energy state of a battery based on the Nernst equation; a battery diagnosis unit configured to diagnose whether the battery is in a crushable energy state according to the determined energy state of the battery; and a battery energy adjustment unit configured to adjust energy of the battery according to a diagnosis result of whether the battery is in the crushable energy state.

The application provides an ammonia nitrogen sensor background ion interference dynamic error compensation algorithm and a water quality monitoring system to solve the problems of background ion false positive interference in ammonia nitrogen ion selective electrode monitoring and high cost and difficult maintenance of a traditional compensation scheme. The method obtains water body potential, conductivity and other variables in real time, uses an interference model containing a conductivity and temperature related interference term and an adaptive threshold value determination interference model, calculates an interference potential increment and corrects the potential, and then substitutes the potential into a Nernst equation to solve the ammonia nitrogen concentration. The application does not need to add a special interference ion electrode, simplifies the structure, reduces the cost, adapts to complex water bodies, and improves the measurement accuracy.

In the formula for the redox potential E based on the Nernst equation, with the temperature set at 37℃ (310K), the redox potential E of hydrogen / hydrogen ions is E = -0.061 × pH + 0.031 × pH² (V). At pH = 7.4, E = -0.451 + 0.031 × pH² (V). The hydrogen index pH² of the test subject is measured, and E is calculated using the above formula. According to the potential verification method of the present invention, by blowing air and air containing hydrogen into phosphate buffer, measuring the potential before and after blowing, performing necessary corrections, and obtaining a linear regression line, the change in potential accompanying the change in hydrogen index pH² can be confirmed. It can be seen that the calculated redox potential is approximately the same as the actual redox potential.

To provide a method and device for acquiring the oxidation-reduction state of an aqueous solution as a hydrogen electrode potential.SOLUTION: A hydrogen electrode potential of an aqueous solution is defined by the Nernst equation. A method includes: a step for measuring the hydrogen partial pressure in the gas phase that is in equilibrium with the aqueous solution, the temperature, and pH of the aqueous solution; and a step for analyzing the hydrogen electrode potential from the inverse logarithm pH2 of the measured hydrogen partial pressure, the temperature, and the pH. For example, at the room temperature of 25°C (T=298.15K) and pH=7.0, the hydrogen electrode potential can be obtained from the equation: Eh≒29.6×pH2-59.2×pH≒29.6×pH2-414.4 (mV) and the approximate equation. When the pH is constant, a change in the hydrogen electrode potential of the aqueous solution can be obtained from the equation: ΔEh≒29.6×ΔpH2 (mV) and the approximate equation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The invention discloses a high-throughput calculation method of an electrolyte electrochemical window considering the influence of anions and cations, and belongs to the technical field of quantum chemistry calculation and new energy materials. A molecular structure is optimized, electrostatic potential of the molecular structure is calculated, a maximum value (minimum value) point of the electrostatic potential is combined with negative (positive) ions to construct a structure file in which a solvent is combined with the negative (positive) ions, the constructed structure file is imported in batches, high-flux optimization calculation is repeated, and energy corresponding to each structure file is output. An optimized structure combined with anions is obtained, the number of electrons is reduced by 1, and the number of spinning electrons is correspondingly modified; and obtaining an optimized structure combined with cations, adding 1 to the number of electrons, correspondingly modifying the number of spinning electrons, importing all structure files in batches, repeating high-throughput optimization calculation, and outputting energy corresponding to each structure file. And substituting the energy of the ground state, the oxidation state and the reduction state into a Nernst equation to calculate the oxidation-reduction potential of the molecule. According to the invention, beneficial help is provided for electrolyte design.

[Problem] To provide a method and a device for acquiring the oxidation-reduction state of an aqueous solution as a hydrogen electrode potential. [Solution] In the present invention, the hydrogen electrode potential of an aqueous solution is defined by the Nernst equation. The present invention includes: a step for measuring the hydrogen partial pressure and the temperature of a gas phase that is in equilibrium with an aqueous solution, and the pH of the aqueous solution; and a step for analyzing a hydrogen electrode potential from the pH, the temperature, and the inverse logarithmic pH2 of the hydrogen partial pressure, which have been measured. For example, when the room temperature is 25°C (T=298.15 K) and the pH is 7.0, the hydrogen electrode potential can be calculated from expression 32 and an approximate expression. When the pH is constant, a change in the hydrogen electrode potential of the aqueous solution can be calculated from expression 33 and an approximate expression.