36 results about "Nernst equation" patented technology

The invention discloses a method of measuring electrochemical kinetic parameters of an electrode active material. The method includes: measuring charging and discharging curves and cyclic voltammetry curve of a positive electrode; studying the charging and discharging curves according to data obtained by measuring and simulating the cyclic voltammetry curve according to Fick diffusion laws and formulas I, II, III and IV to obtain diffusion coefficient and interface reaction constant of the electrode active material. Compared with conventional Nernst equation fitting, the method has the advantages that interference of internal factors like concentration polarization can be eliminated, some characteristic parameters which are most intrinsic of the electrode active material can be reflected truly, and the method has quite high value in the field of academic research; a scientific method is provided for comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the electrode active material, and a theoretical basis is provided for designing batteries more reasonably.

The invention discloses a system for automatic detection of concentration of heavy metal ions in soil and soil remediation. The system disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, easy to implement, and capable of automatically measuring width and height of an object, so as to save manpower; the system can calculate and process the voltage signals acquired by an ion concentration detecting unit to obtain the ion concentration, namely the corresponding relation between the ion concentration and membrane potential is obtained according to a Nernst equation, and further the voltage signals are detected to obtain the concentration of the heavy metal ion; the system can measure, display and store the ion concentration; the system disclosed by the invention charges current to the soil to enable the metal ions in the soil to be conveyed to the electrodes, and then intensively collects and processes the conveyed metal ions, so as to achieve the pollution control purpose.

The invention discloses a method for measuring plant leaf cell metabolic energy, and belongs to the technical field of biophysical information detection. A measuring device comprises a bracket, foam plates, electrode plates, wires, an iron block and a plastic rod, wherein the foam plates embedded with the electrode plates are separately adhered to the bottom end of the bracket and the plastic rod.The electrode plates are connected with an LCR tester through the wires during using, the two electrode plates clamp a plant leaf to be measured, and physiological resistance, physiological impedanceand physiological capacitance of the plant leaf under different clamping force are simultaneously measured in a parallel mode. According to the Gibbs free energy equation and the Nernst equation, models of the physiological capacitance of the plant leaf changing with the clamping force, the physiological resistance of the plant leaf changing with the clamping force and the physiological impedanceof the plant leaf changing with the clamping force are further constructed, and the plant leaf cell metabolic energy is calculated jointly by using parameters of the three models.

The invention discloses a cathodic potential regulation-based bioelectrochemical coupled upflow anaerobic biological reaction device and a use method thereof. In the device, an annular electrode is arranged in the sludge layer of an upflow anaerobic bioreactor, and a bioelectrode system provides electrons with high energy for microorganisms nearby a cathode in the cylindrical shell of the upflow anaerobic bioreactor in order to carry out pollutant degradation. A reference electrode is fixed nearby the biological cathode through a fastening bolt, is connected with an online detector and a computer through leading wires, and is used for the real-time monitoring of the cathodic potential of the biological cathode of the coupling reactor. A potential difference needed by the reaction is calculated through a Nernst equation according to Gibbs free energy needed by the degradation of different pollutants, and the applied voltage of the bioelectochemical system is adjusted to control the cathodic potential to be slightly below the range of the potential difference in order to achieve low-energy consumption and high-efficiency degradation of chloronitrobenzene and other non-degradable organic pollutants.

The invention relates to a method for accurately testing the content of salt in seawater desalination liquid based on ion concentration and equipment special for the method. By the method, an activity coefficient is corrected, measuring accuracy is improved, and the application range is expanded. Values of standard potential E<0> and slope S can be obtained through correction, a functional relation between the concentration of sodium ions in the seawater desalination liquid and the electromotive force of NaCl in the seawater desalination liquid is deduced according to a Nernst equation. During use, two indicating electrodes, namely a chloride ion selective electrode and a sodium ion glass electrode are used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode and are connected with an instrument to form a primary battery, the electromotive force of the seawater desalination liquid with unknown concentration is measured and substituted into the functional relation, and the display instrument can directly display the accurate concentration of the sodium ions in the seawater desalination liquid. The method is suitable for measuring low concentration in a narrow range, and is also suitable for accurately measuring the content of the salt in the seawater desalination liquid with high salt concentration, the accuracy of the method is higher than that of the conventional method, and a standard buffer solution is not required to be added in a linear range.

The invention discloses a heavy metal ion concentration automatic detection system. The system comprises a microcontroller module, an ion concentration detection unit, a voltage amplifier unit, an analog-digital converter unit, a display unit and a data storage unit, wherein the ion concentration detection unit, the voltage amplifier unit and the analog-digital converter unit are connected in sequence; the analog-digital converter unit, the display unit and the data storage unit are connected with corresponding ports of the microcontroller module. The system can perform computation processing according to voltage signals gathered by the ion concentration detection unit, so as to obtain the ion concentration, namely can obtain the corresponding relationship between the ion concentration and membrane potential according to a Nernst equation, further obtain the ion concentration by detecting the voltage signals, and can realize the measurement, display and storage of the ion concentration.

Disclosed are a three-point flow type calibration device for a sodium ion concentration meter and a calibration method thereof. The device has the following characteristics: according to a sodium ionconcentration meter calibrate principle, three-point flow type calibration standard water samples are introduced, the samples are detected and jointly calculated by applying an Nernst equation, and sothe consistency of the flow state and flow rate of the to-be-measured water samples during measurement and a standard solution during calibration is ensured, the accuracy of calibration data is guaranteed, sodium ions brought into the whole process due to a plurality of reasons are solved, and the problem that two-point flow type calibration is inaccurate is solved. Meanwhile, the three-point flow type calibration device for a sodium ion concentration meter is developed and designed, which is suitable for requirements of the calibration method, gives full play to the calibration method, makeson-line and continuous monitoring of the water sample sodium ion concentration in the production process more accurate, and meets the needs of electric power, petrochemical and other fields.

The invention discloses a device for rapidly distinguishing a water inrush source of a mine. The device comprises a shell panel which is provided with a power input interface, a switching on/ off button, a mode conversion switch, a function button, a display screen, a micro-USB interface and an ion electrode connecting line interface; a circuit board arranged in a shell takes a singlechip as a core and is connected with the display screen, an A/D conversion module, a memory, the function button, the micro-USB interface and a power module. A method for building a water inrush source distinguishing process system comprises the steps of automatically building a characteristic ion-based distinguishing process system for the water inrush source of the mine by analyzing a known water source category sample in the memory; detecting the water sample by an ion electrode; calculating to obtain actual ion concentration by use of the singlechip according to a Nernst equation; and rapidly distinguishing according to the water inrush source distinguishing process system. According to the device, the characteristic ion detection and the water inrush source distinguishing are integrated, the sample is automatically analyzed, and the distinguishing system is built; the device is high in distinguishing speed, high in accuracy rate and convenient to carry.

The invention discloses a method for representing the lithium ion concentration change in an electrolyte during a cyclic process. The method comprises the following steps of assembling a lithium ion battery with two reference electrodes; plating lithium on the two reference electrodes in the lithium ion battery through a Xinwei channel battery comprehensive performance tester; under the 0.05C multiplying power, forming the lithium ion battery processed through the step (2) for two circles; setting different multiplying power for circulating, and using a multi-channel recorder for monitoring anegative electrode plate to have voltages E1 and E2 on the two reference electrodes; calculating the lithium ion concentration change in the electrolyte during a charging and discharging process of the lithium ion battery according to a nernst equation. Therefore, the change situation of the electrolyte during the charging and discharging process and the disembedding behavior of the lithium ion between a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material are known, so that the aims of optimizing the battery performance and prolonging the cycle life are achieved.

The invention discloses an input type ammonia nitrogen water quality sensor and an ammonia nitrogen concentration measurement method. The input type ammonia nitrogen water quality sensor comprises a sensor body and further comprises a pH composite electrode and an ammonia nitrogen composite electrode which are arranged at the bottom of the sensor body, wherein the pH composite electrode is put into to-be-measured liquid and is used for obtaining a pH value of the to-be-measured liquid; the ammonia nitrogen composite electrode comprises an ammonium ion induction electrode and an ammonia nitrogen reference electrode, and an ammonium ion induction membrane is arranged at the head part of the ammonium ion induction electrode; a temperature sensor is arranged at the bottom of the sensor body and is used for measuring the current temperature of the to-be-measured liquid. The input type ammonia nitrogen water quality sensor and the ammonia nitrogen concentration measurement method disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that the potential difference between the ammonium ion induction electrode and the ammonia nitrogen reference electrode in the to-be-measured liquid is obtained by the ammonia nitrogen composite electrode; the ammonium ion concentration is calculated and obtained based on an Nernst equation. The input type ammonia nitrogen water quality sensor is also provided with the pH composite electrode and the temperature sensor; after the pH value and the water body temperature are measured, a compensation equation is calculated and obtained by curve fitting,so that the measurement is more stable and accurate.

The present invention relates to the obtaining of evaluation index via measuring physical and chemical parameters of geochemical sample, and is especially the detecting device and method of oxidation strength Eh of geochemical sample. The device consists of two containers holding the same kind of solution and connected via salt bridge; one sample electrode set inside one of the containers, one reference electrode set inside the other container, and one potentiometer or acidometer connected via wires to the two electrodes. After the pH value of the sample is measured with the potentiometer or acidometer, the true Eh value of the sample may be calculated based on Nernst equation. The present invention has high repeatability of the measured data, and provides one reliable evaluation index for geochemical search of ore, especially uranium ore.

The invention discloses a digital direct reading portable calcium ion concentration detecting device. The device is used for measuring calcium ion concentration in a body fluid. The device is formed by a calcium ion selection electrode, a reference electrode, a double high-impedance input amplification unit, a differential amplifying circuit, an anti-logarithm amplifying unit, a digital display unit and the like. The calcium ion concentration detecting device has slope adjustment, positioning and other functions. A direct current potential of the reference electrode can be adjusted, and the potential of the reference electrode can be reduced through compensation potential means. At the same time, according to a Nernst equation, a concentration value can be directly read through anti-logarithm conversion. A direct reading calcium ion meter has characteristics of a small size, simple operation, convenient carrying, stable working and the like and is suitable for real-time detection of the calcium ion concentration in the body fluid of a osteoporosis patient.

The invention discloses a heavy metal ion concentration automatic detection method. The method comprises the steps of gathering voltage signals produced by an ion electrode through an electrochemical sensor, obtaining membrane potential according to the gathered voltage signals, obtaining the ion concentration according to the practical value of the membrane potential. According to the method, the ion concentration can be obtained through computation processing according to the voltage signals gathered by an ion concentration detection unit, namely the corresponding relationship between the ion concentration and the membrane potential can be obtained according to a Nernst equation, further the ion concentration can be obtained by detecting the voltage signals, and the measurement, display and storage of the ion concentration can further be realized.

The invention discloses a heavy metal detection electrolytic cell. In an enrichment phase of electrochemical detection, a conversion circuit outputs constant voltage to an auxiliary electrode; in a dissolution phase of electrochemical detection, the conversion circuit outputs current to a working electrode; a reference electrode inputs varying voltage into a differential amplifier; a microcontroller can carry out analysis treatment on a function of the varying voltage and time and can calculate the value of the heavy metal content according to the nernst equation; the conversion circuit firstly outputs the constant voltage to the auxiliary electrode during detection, heavy metals in a water body are enriched on the electrode and the then the microcontroller controls the conversion circuit to output the current to the working electrode; the reference electrode inputs the varying voltage into the differential amplifier; and the microcontroller can carry out analysis treatment on the function of the varying voltage and time to achieve the target of measuring the heavy metal content in the water body. Compared with a traditional stripping voltammetry, the heavy metal detection electrolytic cell has relatively high precision.

The invention provides a method for measuring the osmotic pressure of a culture solution in cell culture and a biochemical device.The method for measuring the osmotic pressure of the culture solution in cell culture comprises the following steps that a culture solution sample is taken, and the concentration of organic matter in the culture solution sample is measured; measuring the concentration of metal ions in the culture solution sample by adopting an ion selective electrode according to a Nernst equation; according to the concentration of the organic matters and the concentration of the metal ions, the osmotic pressure of the culture solution sample is calculated according to the following osmotic pressure formula: O osmotic pressure = C total organic matters + C total metal ions * K + b, O osmotic pressure represents the osmotic pressure of the culture solution sample, and the unit is mOsm/kg; the total organic matter C represents the total concentration of all organic matters in the culture solution sample, and the unit is mmol/L; the total C metal ions represent the total concentration of all metal ions in the culture solution sample, and the unit is mmol/L; k and b are constants. Interference caused by environment change is reduced, and measurement accuracy is improved.

The present invention relates to a platelet transmembrane potential detection method, which comprises: taking a washed platelet sample, carrying out re-suspending dilution with Hepes-Tyrodes buffer containing calcium chloride, adding to a flow tube, and recording as F; taking a washed platelet sample, carrying out re-suspending dilution with Hepes-Tyrodes buffer having 120-150 mmol/L of potassium chloride and 2-20 mmol/L of sodium chloride, adding to a flow tube, and recording as F0; adding gramicidin with a final concentration of 0.1-5 [mu]g/L to the F0 flow tube; adding DiBAC4(3) with a final concentration of 10-200 nmol/L to the F flow tube and the F0 flow tube, and dyeing; loading onto the machine and detecting; and calculating the result according to the corrected Nernst equation. According to the present invention, the method has characteristics of less platelet destruction, high sensitivity, good reproducibility, enrichment of the existing platelet storage quality assessment method, and prediction of the platelet storage damage.

The invention relates to the technical field of pH electrode calibration, and provides a long-term observation pH electrode potential continuous drift compensation and pH dynamic calculation method, which comprises a variable step size adaptive exponential smoothing dynamic prediction method, and specifically comprises the following steps: judging the size of a smoothing coefficient alpha and the turning trend of an error sum of squares SSE; and establishing a variable step size search and polynomial curve fitting least square method to establish a continuous function relationship between the sum of squares SSE and the smoothing coefficient alpha, and then solving f '(alpha) = 0 to realize dynamic rapid optimization of the smoothing index alpha. According to the technical scheme, the drift distance of the electrode can be predicted more quickly and accurately, the response potential actually detected by the pH electrode can be corrected through the predicted drift distance of the electrode, the corrected response potential is input into the Nernst equation for operation, a more accurate pH value is obtained, and long-term in-situ monitoring of the pH electrode without calibration is achieved.

The invention relates to the field of metal corrosion, in particular to a device and a method for measuring pH of an electrode solution interface. The device comprises an electrolytic tank chamber A (8), an electrolytic tank chamber B (12), a glass salt bridge (6), a saturated calomel electrode (7), a proton exchange membrane (9), a platinum wire (11), an IrOx microelectrode (28) and an insulating hollow screw (29), the IrOx microelectrode (28) is installed at one end of the insulating hollow screw (29), and the distance between the IrOx microelectrode (28) and an electrode sample (3) is achieved by screwing the insulating hollow screw (29). Under a non-polarized or polarized condition, recording potential data of the IrOx microelectrode (28), and converting is carried out according to a Nernst equation to obtain an interface pH value of the medium solution to be detected. The device disclosed by the invention is simple in design and simple and convenient to operate, and can meet the requirement for measuring the pH in a near-interface solution micro region of the measured metal electrode under different polarization conditions.

Methods and compositions are provided for determining the potential of a membrane. In one aspect, the method comprises:

• (a) introducing a first reagent comprising a hydrophobic fluorescent ion capable of redistributing from a first face of the membrane to a second face of the membrane in response to changes in the potential of the membrane, as described by the Nernst equation,
• (b) introducing a second reagent which labels the first face or the second face of the membrane, which second reagent comprises a chromophore capable of undergoing energy transfer by either (i) donating excited state energy to the fluorescent ion, or (ii) accepting excited state energy from the fluorescent ion,
• (c) exposing the membrane to radiation;
• (d) measuring energy transfer between the fluorescent ion and the second reagent, and
• (e) relating the energy transfer to the membrane potential.

Energy transfer is typically measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In some embodiments the first and second reagents are bound together by a suitable linker.

In one aspect the method is used to identify compounds which modulate membrane potentials in biological membranes.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a sensor for testing the electrolyte density of a lead-acid storage battery. According to a Nernst equation, the electromotive force of the lead-acid battery has strict correlation with the density and temperature of sulfuric acid, a pair of polar plates can be formed by just immersing a pair of lead-based electrodes into the sulfuric acid and repeatedly performing charging and discharging; the polar plates are inserted into sulfuric acid to be tested, and so that electromotive force can be tested, meanwhile, the temperature of the sulfuric acid is measured, and the density of the sulfuric acid can be calculated according to a set program; due to the fact that the sensor directly outputs electromotive force signals, distortion errors caused by signal conversion links needed by other sensors are avoided by utilizing the existing conductivity electrodes; the electromotive force signals are easy to accurately measure; and when the sensor is used for measuring the density of the sulfuric acid, high precision can be obtained; when the sensor is not influenced by colloid coagulation when being used for dilute colloid electrolyte measurement; and in order to obtain high-quality positive lead dioxide and negative lead plates with fixed surface areas, the electrodes are firstly subjected to an electroplating reaction.