40 results about "Glass electrode" patented technology

The application discloses a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The composition of the perovskite solar cell comprises a glass electrode, an electron transport layer, a sensitized layer, a perovskite film, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode which are sequentially arranged, and the sensitized layer contains stannous ions. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps: 1) immersing the glass electrode on which the electron transport layer is deposited into a soluble stannous salt solution for soaking, and then taking out and drying to form the sensitized layer on the electron transport layer; 2) depositing the perovskite material on the sensitized layer to form the perovskite film, and then sequentially depositing the hole transport layer and the metal electrode on the perovskite film to obtain the perovskite solar cell. The perovskite film in the perovskite solar cell has good uniformity and compactness, and the perovskite solar cell has high photoelectric conversion efficiency. The preparation method is simple, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

The application provides a recycled water irrigation system based on ultraviolet peroxo organic acid combination and a water treatment method. The system comprises a shell, a POA dosing tank and a control unit. The lower part of the shell is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part is provided with a water outlet. The water inlet is provided with a lifting pump. A glass liner is arranged in the shell. The interior of the glass liner is divided into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber which are sequentially communicated by a baffle. A grid is arranged in the first chamber. The inner wall of the first chamber is provided with spiral flow guide lines. An ultraviolet light intensity sensor is arranged in the second chamber. The top of the third chamber is provided with a UV-Vis spectrometer with a built-in quartz cuvette. A nozzle, a stirring mechanism, a spiral mixer and a glass electrode pH sensor are arranged in the third chamber. The bottom of the third chamber is provided with an ultraviolet lamp. The system solves the safety and applicability problems of direct irrigation of recycled water through the synergistic effect of ultraviolet irradiation and oxidation.

The application belongs to the technical field of microbial sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an iron-carbon quantum dot / electrically active non-oxygen-producing photosynthetic bacteria / carrier hybrid cell factory and application thereof in sewage resourceization or carbon emission reduction; the iron-carbon quantum dot in the hybrid cell factory provided by the application promotes the non-oxygen-producing purple photosynthetic bacteria to utilize more light energy, and generates photo-generated electrons as an extracellular efficient electron donor source, and the photosensitive active substances in the extracellular polymeric substance of the non-oxygen-producing purple photosynthetic bacteria can promote the formation of a continuous cycle of trivalent iron and divalent iron, realize mutual cooperation, promote sewage resourceization and carbon emission reduction, and synthesize high-value-added products; and in addition to facilitating the recovery of biomass, the transparent conductive glass electrode as the carrier also ensures that the non-oxygen-producing purple photosynthetic bacteria stably and efficiently utilize light energy; therefore, the hybrid cell factory provided by the application is a high-efficiency microbial sewage treatment technology, and solves the technical problem of lack of high-efficiency microbial sewage treatment technology in the prior art.

The utility model relates to the technical field of ozone preparation, concretely to a vertical installation anti -stringing slide -down fixed support device of ozone generator glass electrode tube, including ozone generator cylinder, ozone generator cylinder top end is provided with ozone generator cylinder top cover plate, ozone generator cylinder bottom is provided with ozone generator cylinder bottom plate, ozone generator oxygen gas inlet port is provided with in the ozone generator cylinder right side upper portion, ozone generator ozone outlet port is provided with in the ozone generator cylinder left side lower portion. The utility model four fluorine fixed support device adopts ordinary four fluorine material to make, and the volume is smaller, and the cost is not high, and the dosage is less, and it is easy to process and make, and the installation is very convenient, can guarantee that glass electrode generating tube safe and efficient stable operation, saves time and worries, while greatly guaranteeing glass electrode generating tube safe and stable operation, the installation maintenance cost expense is less, and the enterprise saves the branch and creates the income and increases the benefit.

The impedance of an electrode can be measured more simply and accurately, in a pH measurement apparatus using a glass electrode. A measurement apparatus (10) includes a measurement unit (161) that measures the impedance of an electrode to be measured having first and second terminals, and a controller (11). The measurement unit (161) includes an operational amplifier having first and second input terminals and an output terminal, and a feedback resistor, which is a variable resistor, having a third terminal connected to the output terminal, and a fourth terminal connected to the first input terminal. The controller (11) acquires, in a state of the first input terminal connected to the first terminal, a measurement value of the impedance of the electrode to be measured, based on a voltage applied to the second terminal, the potential of the output terminal, and a resistance value of the feedback resistor.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of sterilization beauty instrument, and disclose a kind of skin sterilization beauty instrument of electricity storage type, including beauty instrument, the bottom of beauty instrument is provided with glass electrode tube, the inside of beauty instrument is provided with the elastic clamp block located in the outside of glass electrode tube, the bottom end of beauty instrument is provided with waterproof assembly, wherein, the beauty instrument includes shell, the bottom of shell is clamped with bottom cover.The utility model is provided with baffle and press bar, the elastic recovery of spring is merged in connecting rod by the driving of two baffles, and then the rubber strip on the two baffles is staggered together in the merging process, and then the top block on one side baffle will extrude press bar, drive press bar to move downward, and press bar is pressed to the rubber strip staggered together, to form good sealing effect between the two baffles closed together, so that it has good waterproof effect, to avoid internal electronic components from being damaged.

The present invention relates to the field of conductive materials and electrochromic technology, and in particular to a method for preparing a conductive material modified material layer, a conductive glass electrode, a conductive glass and a dynamic window. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing plasma treatment, silanization reaction and polymerization reaction on indium tin oxide conductive glass, and finally adsorbing palladium ions as a catalyst through a polymer layer, thereby forming a more uniform catalyst layer on the surface, thereby effectively reducing the voltage difference between the center and the edge of the Pd-ITO conductive layer, thereby achieving a good metal deposition effect, and being able to well realize the transparent and opaque state conversion, and uniform and rapid deposition of metals at the center and the edge. In addition, the problems of raw material agglomeration and instability can be avoided, and the method has the advantages of low raw material cost, short preparation time, high preparation efficiency, simple and fast process, and is conducive to commercialization. The method can be well applied as an electric glass electrode and applied to the preparation of conductive glass and dynamic windows.

The water quality detector mounting support and cleaning device comprises a mounting assembly and a cleaning assembly, the mounting assembly comprises a first flange end, a second flange end, a ball valve element and a rotating shaft, the first flange end is in butt joint with the second flange end, and the cleaning assembly comprises a first ball valve, a second ball valve, a third ball valve and a fourth ball valve. According to the utility model, the mounting component forms the mounting bracket of the water quality detector and is used for mounting the PH glass electrode of the water quality detector, and the cleaning component forms the cleaning device of the water quality detector and is used for cleaning the PH glass electrode of the water quality detector. The PH glass electrode of the water quality detector can be calibrated and cleaned without dismounting a passage by matching with the mounting assembly, the calibration efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the problem that a solution in a pipeline is influenced by cutting off and recovering the pipeline is avoided.

The application discloses a force feedback type MEMS accelerometer based on a silicon Bragg grating F-P cavity and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of microelectromechanical systems. The force feedback type MEMS accelerometer comprises a silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure and a glass electrode substrate. The silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure comprises a flexible beam, a mass block, a common anchor point, a peripheral anchor point, a Bragg grating F-P sensitive cavity, a signal transmission optical fiber and a driving comb tooth. The glass electrode substrate comprises a glass substrate and an electrode. The silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure converts horizontal axis input acceleration into displacement of the mass block, causes the cavity gaps of a pair of oppositely arranged F-P sensitive cavities to oppositely drift, causes opposite transformation of F-P cavity interference light signals, and realizes high-precision differential detection of acceleration. The force feedback type MEMS accelerometer has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong common mode error resistance, large dynamic range and good long-term stability.

The invention discloses a force feedback type MEMS accelerometer based on a silicon Bragg grating F-P cavity and a manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of micro-electro-mechanical systems. The force feedback type MEMS accelerometer comprises a silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure and a glass electrode substrate, wherein the silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure comprises a flexible beam, a mass block, a common anchor point, a peripheral anchor point, a Bragg grating F-P sensitive cavity, a signal transmission optical fiber and driving comb teeth; the glass electrode substrate comprises a glass substrate and an electrode; the silicon-based F-P cavity MEMS sensitive structure converts the horizontal axis input acceleration into the displacement of the mass block, so that the cavity gaps of the oppositely arranged F-P sensitive cavities generate reverse drifting, the F-P cavities are triggered to interfere with the inverse transformation of optical signals, and the high-precision differential detection of the acceleration is realized. The force feedback type MEMS accelerometer has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong common mode error resistance, large dynamic range and good long-term stability.

The utility model provides a PH tester for water-based ink production, which comprises a PH tester main body, and a testing end, namely a glass electrode, is mounted on a testing protective head integrally arranged on the PH tester main body; a thread arranged on the surface of the testing protective head is meshed with the locking cylinder, and the detachable stirrer is limited on the testing protective head; a display main panel and a control button are arranged on the surface of the PH tester main body, and an auxiliary panel is arranged at the upper end of the display main panel; the sealing cylinder is allowed to be engaged with a thread arranged on the surface of the testing protective head and wraps the testing protective head; according to the utility model, the printing ink is effectively stirred in the test, the test end is ensured to be uniformly contacted with the printing ink, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The detachable stirrer is convenient to operate and clean, continuous and accurate testing is guaranteed, the service life of the instrument is prolonged, the size of the instrument is reduced due to the detachable design, and the instrument is convenient to carry. And the inclined stirring plate below the stirring leather disc efficiently stirs the ink and does not interfere with the test assembly, so that the test convenience is improved.

The utility model discloses a pH value detector adopting an ion electrode method, and relates to the field of acid-base detection. The device comprises a detector, an electrode supporting and measuring assembly is installed on the detector, the electrode supporting and measuring assembly comprises a supporting rod, a PH glass electrode and a rotating ring block, the PH glass electrode is arranged in the supporting rod, the supporting rod is used for supporting the PH glass electrode, the rotating ring block is rotatably connected in the supporting rod, the supporting rod is fixedly connected in the rotating ring block, and the supporting rod is fixedly connected in the rotating ring block. The PH glass electrode is slidably connected into the supporting rod, the rotating ring block drives the PH glass electrode to rotate circumferentially, and the supporting rod is used for adjusting the distance between the PH glass electrode and the circle center. According to the device, the rotating ring block capable of rotating is arranged, so that a PH glass electrode can uniformly stir a solution in a test cylinder, and meanwhile, the distance between the PH glass electrode and the circle center is adjusted through the auxiliary sliding groove, so that the device is suitable for test cylinders with different bottle opening sizes, and the stirring process is safe and effective.

The utility model discloses a pressure-resistant deep sea pH sensor based on an ion sensitive field effect transistor, which relates to the technical field of pH sensors and comprises a detection tube, a detection circuit board is arranged in the detection tube, a bottom tube is sleeved at the lower end of the outer wall of the detection tube through threads, and a salt bridge is arranged at the lower end of the inner wall of the detection tube. The bottom of the salt bridge is in contact fit with the bottom of the inner wall of the bottom pipe, a chip fixing pipe is fixedly embedded in the salt bridge, the upper end of the detection pipe is sleeved with a top pipe through threads, the upper end of the detection circuit board is located in the top pipe, the inner wall of the detection pipe is filled with sealant, and the outer side of the chip fixing pipe is sleeved with the sealant in a sealed mode. An external reference solution is filled between the chip fixing tube and the detection tube, and an electrode is connected to the interior of the external reference solution. The ion-sensitive field effect transistor is used for replacing a traditional glass electrode, so that the ion-sensitive field effect transistor-based seawater pH detection device has better voltage withstanding characteristic and can realize seawater pH detection under the condition of deep sea high pressure.

The invention relates to a method for determining chloride ions in a process of synthesizing methylhydrazine by a hydrazine hydrochloride methanol method, and belongs to the technical field of medical analysis. The method comprises the following steps: (1) precisely weighing a methylhydrazine reaction solution in a beaker, monitoring the pH value of the solution, respectively adjusting the pH value to 3-5, adding water to a constant volume, titrating by using a potentiometric titrator, inserting a glass electrode and a silver electrode into the solution, putting a rotor, starting a stirrer, titrating by using a 0.1 mol / L silver nitrate titrating solution, and measuring the concentration of the silver nitrate titrating solution; recording data; (2) calculating the chlorine content; according to the method, a potentiometric titrator is adopted, the pH value of the solution is adjusted to 3-5, the chlorine ion content can be rapidly and accurately detected in the presence of methylhydrazine and hydrazine hydrate, the method is rapid and simple to operate, high in sensitivity, good in repeatability and accurate in result, and the chlorine ion content of reaction liquid in multiple steps in the methylhydrazine synthesis process can be quantitatively detected.

The invention discloses a hemisphere electrode base composite sintering die and device.The die comprises an upper die, a lower die and a hemisphere electrode base, the hemisphere electrode base comprises a base body, a plurality of glass electrode assemblies located on the base body, a copper pipe and a brazing material ring arranged on the copper pipe in a sleeving mode, and the upper die and the lower die are each provided with a positioning groove matched with the base body; an overflow groove is formed in the groove bottom of the positioning groove, a plurality of insertion holes corresponding to the electrode needles are formed in the groove bottom of the overflow groove, and a containing through hole matched with the copper pipe is further formed in the groove bottom of the upper overflow groove; the base body is positioned in a space enclosed by the upper positioning groove and the lower positioning groove, the electrode needles are positioned in the corresponding upper and lower jacks, the copper pipe is positioned in the accommodating through hole, and the upper end part of the copper pipe extends out of the accommodating through hole. According to the method, one-step sintering of the hemispherical electrode base can be achieved, and compared with traditional two-step sintering, the technological process is shortened, the cost is reduced, and meanwhile the yield is increased.

The present invention discloses an inorganic multi-color transmission electrochromic film, coated glass and a design method. The coated glass comprises a glass substrate and the inorganic multi-color transmission electrochromic film stacked in sequence. The inorganic multi-color transmission electrochromic film comprises a dielectric layer (optionally added), a current collecting interference layer, a sacrificial layer, an electrochromic layer, and an electron blocking layer (optionally added) stacked in sequence. With the help of thin film optics principle to design transmittance and color coordinates, optimize the material selection and thickness parameters of each film layer, and further use large-area coating technology to prepare a multilayer film structure on a clean flat glass substrate, and finally a large-area coated glass product with multi-color transmission color and electro-control effect is obtained.

The invention discloses a reusable dual-mode aptamer biosensor for detecting clostridium perfringens, which is characterized by comprising a competitive chain CP-C, a CeO2 (at) PANI nano composite material, a closed bipolar electrode system and an aptamer functionalized magnetic bead probe. According to the invention, the high-affinity nucleic acid aptamer is combined with the specific extracellular electron transfer mechanism of the clostridium perfringens viable bacteria for the first time, a new viable bacteria detection sensing strategy free of nucleic acid extraction and target gene amplification is constructed, and the biosensor can specifically recognize the viable clostridium perfringens, and can be used for detecting the viable bacteria of the clostridium perfringens. According to the present invention, with the detection method, the false positive result caused by the existence of dead bacteria is avoided, the detection can be rapidly completed within 3 min, the voltage signal and the G value signal are mutually proved, the false positive or false negative of the single signal detection is effectively avoided, the detection limit is as low as 2.50 CFU / mL, and the excellent anti-interference ability in the complex food matrix such as chicken and milk is provided; the core element ITO glass electrode can be continuously and repeatedly used for 12 times, and the performance is not obviously attenuated.

To measure impedance of an electrode more easily and precisely by a pH measuring device using a glass electrode.SOLUTION: A measuring device (10) comprises a measurement section (161) for measuring impedance of a measured electrode having a first terminal and a second terminal, and a control section (11). The measurement section (161) has an operational amplifier having a first input terminal and a second input terminal, and an output terminal, and a feedback resistor that is a variable resistor having a third terminal connected to the output terminal and a fourth terminal connected to the first input terminal, and the control section (11) acquires a measurement value of impedance of the measured electrode on the basis of voltage applied to the second terminal, the potential of the output terminal, and the resistance value of the feedback resistor in a state in which the first input terminal is connected to the first terminal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

The utility model belongs to the technical field of pesticide pH value detection, and particularly relates to a high-precision pesticide pH value detection device. Comprising a shell, an electric cylinder, a mounting seat, a glass electrode, a reference electrode, a cleaning assembly, a control panel, two supporting blocks, two supporting shafts, a transmission assembly, an adjusting assembly, two containers II for containing cleaning water, two containers I for containing pesticides to be detected and four supporting plates, the electric cylinder is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the top of the shell, and the mounting base is arranged in the shell and fixedly mounted at the working end of the electric cylinder. The pesticide pH value detection device is reasonable in design and simple and convenient to operate, not only improves the pesticide pH value detection efficiency, but also ensures the accuracy of detection data, so that a scientific basis is provided for reasonable use and storage of pesticides, meanwhile, maintenance and cleaning of the glass electrode and the reference electrode become simple and rapid, and the detection efficiency is improved. And the stability and the accuracy during switching among different pesticide samples are ensured.

The utility model provides a sodium chloride concentration detection device based on weighing measurement. The sodium chloride concentration detection device comprises a reaction cup and a volumetric flask, the volumetric flask inputs a solution into the reaction cup through the direct-current peristaltic pump, a magneton is arranged in the reaction cup, a stirring motor is arranged at the bottom of the reaction cup, a magnetic impeller is mounted on a rotating shaft of the stirring motor, a glass electrode and a silver electrode are further inserted into the reaction cup, and the volumetric flask is arranged on the weighing storage tray. The glass electrode and the silver electrode output micro signals which are amplified, the magnetic stirring motor and the direct-current peristaltic pump are respectively connected with the controller, and the gravity sensor is directly connected with an engineering computer in an RS485 communication mode. According to the utility model, the weighing device is adopted to weigh the silver nitrate volumetric flask, so that the bottom volume and the change speed of a solution can be monitored in real time, the weighing device is isolated from the reaction cup, the stirrer is prevented from influencing the weighing result of the weighing device, and the electrode is amplified by the amplifier, so that a high-frequency signal can be eliminated.

The utility model discloses a water quality on-line monitoring comprehensive device, which belongs to the technical field of water resource monitoring and monitors related water quality state data information in a water body in real time through an electrochemical sensor, a glass electrode pH sensor, a photometer, an ion chromatograph, a light scattering turbidimeter and a time recorder, the related water quality state data information comprises the dissolved oxygen concentration, the pH value, the chloride concentration, the nitrate concentration, the turbidity and the ammonia nitrogen density in the actually measured water body; related water quality state data information in the water body is monitored in real time, timely and accurate monitoring feedback can be provided, continuous mastering of the environment state is ensured through the real-time performance, and emergencies are effectively prevented; the preprocessing process enables data to be more standardized, and higher accuracy and reliability are provided for subsequent water quality state analysis and prediction.

The invention belongs to the technical field of system control, and particularly relates to a glass pH electrode impedance measurement method based on a recursive least square method. Comprising the following steps: step 1, modeling an equivalent circuit; 2, performing multi-frequency sine excitation and data acquisition; 3, carrying out model discretization and ARX modeling; and step 4, realizing a recursive least square method. The method has the beneficial effects that in combination with simulation model data and an identification result, when the impedance R of the electrode drifts slowly due to pollution or temperature change, the algorithm can dynamically adjust the historical data weight by setting forgetting factors lambda of different sizes. If the liquid junction potential abrupt change introduces step noise, the regularization and deviation compensation mechanism can inhibit parameter estimation jump, and the steady-state error is effectively reduced. High-dimensional matrix operation is converted into scalar operation, and the bottleneck that a traditional method is complex in calculation and cannot be applied online is solved. Therefore, the RLS algorithm can track the dynamic change of the electrode impedance in real time, and a core support of an algorithm level is provided for on-line monitoring of the glass electrode.

This invention provides a transcutaneous carbon dioxide measuring device that can improve detection sensitivity by improving the device body and measuring electrodes in a device that detects carbon dioxide diffused from the skin of patients, etc., by dissolving it in an aqueous solution and measuring it as a change in hydrogen ion concentration. [Solution] The transcutaneous carbon dioxide measuring device comprises a main body case, a holding block housed in a through-opening of the main body case and immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, a glass electrode in a first through-hole of the holding block, a reference electrode in a second through-hole, a thermistor in a third through-hole, a film portion that seals the through-opening, holds the mixed aqueous solution, and allows carbon dioxide produced from the skin to pass through to the holding block, and a cap that protects the film portion and is fitted onto the main body case.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of an oxide glass electrode of a lithium ion capacitor, and belongs to the technical field of oxide glass electrodes, and the preparation method of the oxide glass mainly comprises the following steps: weighing glass raw materials according to glass composition, uniformly mixing, heating, melting, cooling and annealing, grinding the annealed glass into glass powder, and preparing for preparing an electrode plate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing an active substance, a conductive agent and a binder in proportion, mixing in a ball milling tank, and dropwise adding a proper amount of dispersant for ball milling; blade-coating the slurry on a metal aluminum foil current collector for drying; and cutting the dried pole piece into electrode slices by using a slicing machine to prepare for assembling the lithium ion capacitor. According to the preparation method and application of the oxide glass electrode of the lithium ion capacitor, the obtained oxide glass electrode shows excellent electrochemical performance, meanwhile, the production process is simple, no pollution is caused to the environment, good application prospects are achieved, and more choices are provided for electrode materials of the lithium ion capacitor.

The utility model discloses a device for detecting electrical impedance of a cell layer. The device for detecting the electrical impedance of the cell layer comprises a base, a chip to be detected, a top plate and an external plug, the base is provided with a lower circuit board; the chip to be detected consists of an upper glass electrode, a lower glass electrode and a cell chip body positioned between the upper glass electrode and the lower glass electrode; the top plate is provided with an upper circuit board; according to the utility model, the glass electrode for measuring the electrical impedance of the cell layer is stably and reliably connected to an external measuring circuit through a unique measuring loop design and a circuit connection mode, so that the device has stable measuring signals and strong anti-interference capability.

The invention discloses a soil moisture content monitoring device which comprises at least one multi-parameter composite sensor, a composite sensor integrated capacitive humidity probe, an RTD temperature sensor, a two-electrode conductivity probe, a glass electrode pH sensor and an intelligent proportioning control unit. The intelligent proportioning control unit is in communication connection with a soil moisture content monitoring unit. According to the water and fertilizer integrated intelligent proportioning irrigation device and system based on the soil moisture content, soil parameters are collected in real time and transmitted to the control unit, an instruction is generated through calculation to drive irrigation execution, and the irrigation efficiency is improved. In the process, a dynamic adjustment state is fed back, a model algorithm is optimized based on data, intelligent response to the soil moisture content and accurate regulation and control of water and fertilizer can be achieved, pertinence and effectiveness of irrigation and fertilization are improved, and a suitable soil environment is provided for crop growth.

The invention provides a photoelectrocatalytic degradation method for patulin in apple juice, which comprises the following steps: growing TiO2 on the surface of a fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass electrode treated by plasma, and annealing to obtain a TiO2 nanorod electrode; the preparation method comprises the following steps: growing a silicon dioxide film with the thickness of 10-40nm on the surface of a TiO2 nanorod electrode by a # imgabs0 # solution growth method, and after annealing, cleaning redundant # imgabs1 # solution to obtain a TiO2 nanorod electrode modified by a vertical pore silicon dioxide film; the TiO2 nanorod electrode is inserted into apple juice and serves as a working electrode, a platinum electrode serves as a counter electrode, an Ag / AgCl electrode serves as a reference electrode, and patulin of the apple juice is degraded through photoelectrocatalysis under irradiation of a light source. According to the TiO2 nanorod electrode prepared by the method, stable, accurate and efficient degradation of patulin can be realized while nutrient components rich in apple juice are not influenced.

The invention discloses a lead-free perovskite Si laminated structure solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The cell structure sequentially comprises a bottom electrode, an electron transport layer ETL, a light absorption layer, a hole transport layer HTL and a top electrode from bottom to top, the electron transfer layer ETL is an N-type wide bandgap semiconductor or SiC; the hole transport layer HTL is P-type wide bandgap semiconductor diamond or GaN; the light absorption layer is of a P-lead-free perovskite + n-Si laminated structure; the top electrode is an FTO transparent glass electrode or an ITO transparent glass electrode; and the bottom electrode is conductive silver paste. According to the solar cell, an environment-friendly, efficient and high-stability photovoltaic device is realized through lead-free perovskite phase regulating deposition, wide bandgap transmission layer design and Si lamination integration.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrowetting self-adaptive optical elements, in particular to a regular hexagonal prism multifunctional liquid optical element based on an electrowetting effect, which comprises a regular hexagonal prism cavity consisting of six side wall ITO (indium tin oxide) glass electrodes, top cover plate glass is connected above the cavity, bottom plate conductive glass is connected below the cavity, and the bottom plate conductive glass is connected below the cavity. The end part of each side wall ITO glass electrode extends out of the regular hexagonal prism cavity and is used for applying voltage, and the regular hexagonal prism cavity is filled with non-polar liquid and conductive liquid which are immiscible with each other. The multiple electrodes provide higher electric field control freedom degree, the regular hexagonal prism multifunctional liquid optical element can be controlled to work in the mode of the adjustable lens and the prism, multi-function integration of zoom imaging and light beam deflection can be achieved, multi-scene optical adjustment can be completed without additional optical elements, the equipment adaptability is remarkably improved, and the application range is wide. And the geometric design of the regular hexagonal prism can solve the problem that a traditional cylindrical structure cannot be tightly packaged, and a foundation is laid for implementation of the lens array.

A method for manufacturing a working electrode for a biosensor is proposed. The method may include providing an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass electrode. The method may also include immobilizing a fixing material on the surface of the ITO glass electrode, wherein the fixing material comprises a first compound and a second compound, and wherein the second compound is a linker compound-metal nanoparticle conjugate. The method may further include immobilizing a reaction factor on the fixing material. An electrode manufactured by the method, and a method for measuring the concentration of biomarkers in a sample using a biosensor including the working electrode are also proposed.