307 results about "Perchlorate" patented technology

An activated carbon material for removing a contaminant from a liquid. The activated carbon material can be a plurality carbon grains that have a pore volume of approximately 0.1 milliliters per gram (mL / g) in the range of less than about 15 angstroms in width. The carbon grains can also have or contain a nitrogen-containing species having a concentration of more than 2 atomic percent nitrogen. A plurality of the carbon grains can be used to make a contactor that is operable to remove or reduce perchlorate having a concentration of 20 parts per billion (ppb) to less than 4 ppb from 4,500 bed volumes of water with the nitrogen-containing species leaching off of the carbon grains less than 0.1 mg / L. The activated carbon material can also be electrochemically regenerated.

The invention discloses a preparation method of modified micron zero-valent iron and an application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron comprises the steps of cleaning of iron raw materials, preparation of micro iron, ultrafine grinding and modifying treatment. A modifying agent composed of water, xanthan gum, sulfide, a stabilizing agent, zeolite and blast furnace slag is adopted in the step of modifying treatment. The preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron has the beneficial effects that the production process of the modified micron zero-valent iron is simple, and the effect similar or superior to micron zero-valent iron is achieved while the cost is reduced; and in addition, the reaction activity is controlled, the oxidation rate is decreased, excellent stability is obtained, and the acting time of the micron zero-valent iron is longer. By the adoption of the application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron, the remediation cost of heavy metal contaminated underground water is further reduced. According to the preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron and the application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, organic fertilizer is added in the soil treatment process so that the fertility of soil can be improved, the structure of soil can be improved through humic acid produced by the organic fertilizer, heavy metal elements, such as lead, chromium and arsenic, in underground water can be removed, and the concentration of pollutants such as nitrate and perchlorate can be reduced.

Hyperbranched macromolecules and methods are described for selectively filtering contaminants such as anions from water and non-aqueous solutions, particularly in the presence of competing contaminants including other anions. The hyperbranched macromolecules may contain alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 2-methyl-2-hydroxylalkyl, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylalkyl, and other groups, which may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The molecules may preferentially bind to the contaminant at interest at low pH, and release the contaminant at a pH of about 9. The molecules may be used to filter contaminants including perchlorate and nitrate even in the presence of high sulfate concentrations.

A method for removing perchlorate or other anionic contaminates from ground water which comprises the step of passing the ground water over activated carbon, wherein the activated carbon has been either preloaded with an organic cation functional group or organic cation polymer or cationic monomer, or tailored with ammonium or other reduced nitrogen-containing compound.

A new and useful way of treating oxidized-contaminant-containing water, soil, rock, other geological or non-geological matrix formation (such as a landfill) is provided. A bioreactor is provided that includes elemental sulfur and a microbial population capable of oxidizing sulfur and reducing pertechnate (TcO4−), arsenate (H2AsO4−), chromate (CrO42−), bromate (BrO3−), chlorite (ClO2−), chlorate (ClO3−), perchlorate (ClO4−), and uranium(VI) oxide, with biological reduction of these oxidized contaminants in the matrix containing the oxidized contaminant performed by the bioreactor, with the elemental sulfur as the electron donor.

The invention discloses an ethylenediamine perchlorate.triethylene diamine perchlorate eutectic initiating explosive and a preparation method thereof. The initiating explosive is a eutectic compound of ethylenediamine perchlorate and triethylene diamine perchlorate, can be initiated under the action of outside excitation energy and has better explosion output power. The preparation method is as follows: the eutectic compound of the ethylenediamine perchlorate and the triethylene diamine perchlorate is prepared by the neutralization reaction through using ethylene, triethylene diamine and perchloric acid as raw materials under the solution state, wherein the molecular ratio of the ethylenediamine perchlorate and the triethylene diamine perchlorate in the prepared eutectic compound is 1:1. The invention has the advantages of small moisture absorption, large explosion power, simple manufacture process, energy saving, consumption reduction, and no harm to environment.

The gas forming agent for safety belt pre-fastener consists of nitrocellulose 60-90 wt%, combustion improver 1-10 wt%, oxidant 1-20 wt% and adhesive 1-10 wt%. The combustion improver is one or several selected from boron powder and inflammable metal powder; the oxidant is one or several selected from nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate; and the adhesive is one or several selected from phenolic resin, shellac varnish, bone glue, cellulose-base polymer and its salt. The gas forming agent for safety belt pre-fastener has no combustion residue, high gas producing rate and excellent safety belt fastening performance.

An inflator 10 of a vehicle occupant protection system contains an elongated housing 12 having a plurality of gas exit orifices 14 spaced along the length thereof. A first propellant body 31 and a second propellant body 33 are provided in lengths substantially equivalent to the length of the housing 12 wherein the first propellant body 31 is placed in physical contact with the second propellant body 33 for all or most of their respective lengths. Once the first propellant body 31 is ignited upon a crash event, resultant uniform ignition and combustion across the length of the second propellant body 33 results in uniform gas generation and uniform inflation of an airbag 26, wherein the airbag 26 is at least substantially coextensive with and in fluid communication with the housing 12. Preferred mixtures of first propellant body 31 contain silicone, a perchlorate oxidizer, and a nitrate salt.

The invention discloses a metal organic frame material for separating ethane and ethylene and a separation method of the ethylene and the ethane .The metal organic frame material has the advantages ofgood stability, high adsorption capacity, good adsorption and separation selectivity, simple preparation method and low preparation cost. The general structural formula of the metal organic frame material is M(C7O5H4).2H2O, wherein M is a metal ion, and the structure of the metal organic frame material is a three-dimensional network structure formed from a transition metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion and gallic acid through coordinate bonds or intermolecular forces. A preparation method is as follows: (1) an inorganic salt, the gallic acid, an alkali, and deionized water are mixed according to a ratio, stirred and dissolved, and then put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; the inorganic salt is a chloride salt, a nitrate salt, an acetate, a carbonate, a sulphate or aperchlorate of the metal ion; and (2) after the end of the hydrothermal reaction, the deionized water and absolute ethanol are in turn used for washing, and vacuum drying is performed. The metal-organic frame material is used as an adsorbent to perform adsorption separation of a mixed gas containing the ethylene and the ethane.

The use of volatilization reagents is disclosed for improved detection of inorganic oxidizers such as, but not limited to, chlorates and perchlorates. Detection methods are disclosed whereby a reagent can transfer a proton to the anion (i.e., chlorate, perchlorate, etc.) of an inorganic salt analyte, forming an acid (i.e., chloric acid, perchloric acid) that is easier to detect by a mechanism whereby the acidified reagent is more easily vaporized, and hence, more easily detected. Concurrently, the anion of the acid forms a new salt with the cation released from the salt that was acidified. The reagents can also include acidic salts or cation-donators, more generally. In some embodiments, hydrated reagents or co-reagents that can release water can be employed. In another aspect of the invention, a class of reagents including polmeric acids, polymeric organic acids and polymeric sulfonic acids are disclosed that can carry out this method. In various embodiments, these reagents can be embedded in a swipe or other substrate, delivered as a liquid infused via nebulizer, or otherwise introduced to a sample to be tested for the presence of a target analyte.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a fluorescent molecular probe for detecting fluoride ions in aqueous solutions through fluorescence enhancement and an application of the fluorescent molecular probe to detecting fluoride ions. The fluorescent molecular probe is prepared by protecting 1,4-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyquinoxaline-6-aldehyde taken as a raw material with silane and then condensing the raw material and malononitrile. The fluorescent molecular probe is simple and convenient to synthesize, and reaction conditions are mild. The fluorescent molecular probe has the specific characteristics that the probe molecule has stable optical properties and higher synthetic yield; the probe molecule has high sensitivity of detection of fluoride ions in the aqueous solutions and low lower limit of detection, and the limit of detection is 5.4mu M; the response range is 0-1mM and the detection range is wide; the probe molecule has good selectivity and has no responses to anions, such as chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, tetrabutylammonium cyanide, nitrates radicals, hydrosulfate radicals, perchlorate radicals, acetate radicals, thiocyanate radicals, azide radicals, cysteine, bovine serum albumin, carbonate radicals, sulfate radicals and reduced glutathione; the fluorescent molecular probe has practical application values in the fields of biochemistry, environmental sciences and the like.

The invention discloses a polishing solution for processing an ultra-smooth bearing steel surface and application thereof. The polishing solution comprises 0.01-40 wt% of grinding particle, 0-10 wt% of oxidizer, 0.1-10 wt% of metal complexing agent, 0-5 wt% of metal corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water. The grinding particle is selected from at least one of monocrystal diamond, polycrystalline diamond, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, fumed silica and colloidal silicon dioxide; the oxidizer is selected from at least one of periodate, iodate, perchlorate, persulfate and hydrogen peroxide; the metal complexing agent is selected from at least one of ammonia, amino acid and organic acid; and the metal corrosion inhibitor is selected from at least one of nitrogen-containing heterocycle derivatives, sulfur-containing heterocycle derivatives and heterocycle derivatives simultaneously containing nitrogen and sulfur. The bearing steel obtained by using the polishing solution has the functional characteristics of low surface roughness and low number of defects, and thus, can be used in precise devices.

A process for leaching sulfide ore by full-wet method includes such steps as mixing the sulfide ore with additive, adding water, reacting at 10-150 deg.C while controlling the final pH to 0-14, and oxidizing by adding oxidizing agent. Said ore is the sulfuride of Cu, Ni, Co, or Zn. Said additive is the water-soluble compound of Cu, Pb, and Co, etc. Said oxidizing agent may be air O2, H2O2, etc. Its advantage is high leaching speed.

The invention discloses a method for preparing micro-pore firework powder capable with improved the fire ignition and transfer properties, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, dissolving materials, emulsifying, foaming, balling, then removing a solvent, separating the materials, and finally, drying; when the materials are dissolved, emulsified and foamed, adding a water solution of a sensitizing agent; and adding a water solution containing a sensitizing agent and a dispersing agent as a dispersion medium in the balling process, wherein the concentration of the water solutions of the sensitizing agents is the same. The used sensitizing agents can adopt the nitrate, the perchlorate or the mixture thereof of alkali metal or alkali earth metal, and the addition proportion is 0.2 to 10 percent of the mass of raw powder. The sensitizing agents are added in the forming process of the micro-pore firework powder by the form of the water solutions, an extra procedure is not added, a forming medium is recycled in the technological process, environmental pollution and material wastage can not be caused, the distribution of the sensitizing agents in an obtained sample of a finished product is more uniform, and the ignition capability and the normal-pressure fire transfer speed are both enhanced obviously.

The invention relates to an ABC dry powder extinguishing agent. An extinguishing base material of the extinguishing agent is formed by nitrate (perchlorate) of <+2> valent or <+1> valent metal ions, or is formed by a mixture of the nitrate (perchlorate) with an imidazole compound; and the ABC dry powder extinguishing agent can be widely applied to extinguishing various combustible solids, liquid and gas fire disasters and can also be used for putting out electric fire disasters. Compared with an existing commonly-used ammonium phosphate ABC dry powder extinguishing agent, the ABC dry powder extinguishing agent has higher extinguishing efficiency.

A gas generating composition is obtained in which an amount of a combustion residue based on a unit amount of a gas generated is reduced.A gas generating composition comprising nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate or a mixture thereof as a fuel and further an oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent is a perchloric acid salt, a nitric acid salt or a mixture thereof, and when the oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate, a chlorine neutralizer is further incorporated.

A method for isolating small RNA from a sample is provided, the method comprising binding the RNA to silica particles by contacting the sample with a) at least one alcohol, b) at least one chaotropic salt comprising a chaotropic anion selected from the group consisting of trichloroacetate, perchlorate and trifluoroacetate and c) silica particles and separating the bound RNA from the rest of the sample. The present invention also provides compositions and kits to efficiently isolate small RNA molecules from samples, in particular biological samples such as blood, blood products tissue and body fluids.

Provided is an igniting powder composition which satisfies the current ignition sensitivity required for the igniting powder to be used in igniters that are actuated by an electric signal and which exhibits reduced friction sensitivity. An igniting powder composition for igniters, characterized by being prepared by blending together (A) a metal hydride, (B) at least one kind of metal powder selected from the group consisting of tungsten powder, molybdenum powder, aluminum powder, titanium powder and magnesium powder, and (C) a perchloric acid salt.

The invention provides a methane substrate biomembrane reactor and a process for removing perchlorate from drinking water. The reactor comprises a casing and a hollow fiber membrane assembly, wherein the top end of the casing is provided with a flange cover; the casing is outwards provided with a gas inlet; methane is introduced through the gas inlet; the casing is inwards provided with a fixedly connected membrane assembly fixing element; the hollow fiber membrane assembly is arranged inside the casing and consists of a hollow fiber membrane tow and a membrane assembly sealing head; the hollow fiber membrane tow is in a shape that a U-shaped opening is upward, and an end opening is fixedly connected onto the membrane assembly sealing head through epoxy resin adhesives; the sealing head of the hollow fiber membrane assembly is connected and fastened with a membrane assembly element arranged at the inner end of the flange cover arranged at the top end through screw threads, and is communicated with the gas inlet. The methane substrate biomembrane reactor is used; the operation is performed according to a continuous flow mode; the methane is used as an electric supply and a carbon source; the methane utilization rate can be effectively improved; the enriching domestication of reducing system microbes for oxidatively coupling anaerobic methane with high-perchlorate is shortened; the fast, efficient and safe removal of perchlorate in the drinking water is realized.

The invention discloses a metal-organic framework material for separating xenon and krypton and a method for separating xenon and krypton. The metal-organic framework material is good in stability andhigh in adsorptive separation selectivity, the preparation method is simple, and the preparation cost is low. The general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C4O4(OH)2).3H2O or [M(C4O4)].2.5H2O, wherein M is metal ions, and transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid form a 3D network structure through coordinate bonds or intermolecular actingforce. A preparation method comprises the steps as follows: (1) inorganic salt, squaric acid, alkali and deionized water are mixed in proportion, and the obtained mixture is put in a reactor for a hydrothermal reaction after being stirred to be dissolved, wherein the inorganic salt comprises chlorate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, sulfate or perchlorate of metal ions; (2) after the hydrothermal reaction, a product is washed with deionized water multiple times, vacuum drying is performed, and the metal-organic framework material is obtained. The metal-organic framework material is used as an adsorbent to perform adsorptive separation on mixed gas containing xenon and krypton.

The invention provides a special gold dissolving agent for a gold ore. The special gold dissolving agent is prepared by reacting and mixing carbonate or bicarbonate, hydroxide, permanganate, perchlorate, persulphate, ammonium salt, sodium ferrocyanide or potassium ferrocyanide. The gold dissolving agent has the advantages of rapidly dissolving metal gold, selectively leaching gold from various gold ores, being low in toxicity and the like.

The invention consists of a water treatment process using selective and regenerable weak base anion exchange resins to remove any number of complex anions, especially oxyanions including perchlorate, nitrate, chlorate, arsenate, selenate, and chromate, from aqueous solutions. The treatment process is comprised of three key processes including 1) pretreatment to lower pH, 2) ion exchange, and 3) post treatment to adjust pH and alkalinity. The invention also includes processes for regenerating weak base anion resins and treatment of the residuals generated. This invention employs pressurized treatment, carbon dioxide management, and reuse of regenerating solution to minimize pumping and treatment costs.

The invention relates to an Mg / Al / X ternary composite metal oxide catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is characterized in that the catalyst consists of magnesium, aluminum and ternary metal elements, and the surface of a catalyst product is distributed with an aperture of which diameter is 1 to 20mu m and a protrusion of which height is 0.1 to 10mu m; and the ternary metal elements contain Ce, Dy, Fe, Mn, Co, Cd, Zn or Ni soluble salt comprising nitrate, hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate or perchlorate. The preparation method for the catalyst comprises the following processes in turn: precursor preparation, crystallization, secondary crystallization, molding and calcination. The catalyst is applicable to the production process of the conventional kettle-type or intermittent polyether product, has good narrow molecular-weight distribution effect for the synthesis of the polyether product, has high catalytic rate, and can be recycled.

The invention discloses a preparation method of antibacterial cellulose fibers. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a) after mixing a dispersant, an antibacterial agent and cellulose, dissolving a mixture in an ionic liquid water solution to prepare a mixed spinning raw solution, wherein the adding amount of the antibacterial agent is 0.1 to 1 weight percent of the cellulose; andb) filtering the mixed spinning raw solution, spinning, condensing, stretching, washing with water, bleaching, applying oil and drying to obtain the antibacterial cellulose fibers. The ionic liquid is obtained by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, bi1,4-di[1-(3-methylimidazolium)]butyl dichloride and bi1,4-di[1-(3-methylimidazolium)]butyl diperchlorate. An experiment shows that the antibacterial cellulose fibers prepared by the invention have excellent mechanical property, antibacterial property and stability property; and a preparation process is simple, is low in cost, is environmentally friendly and has no pollution.

The invention relates to a super-capacitor high-temperature electrolyte. Wherein, its solute is N-trialkyl-N-alkoxy acyl fluoroboric acid or phosphorofluoric acid or Fraude's reagent, or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid; and the solvent is aprotic solvents; its density in room temperature is 0.8-2.0mol / l; the aprotic solvents are acetonitrile, ethyl cyanide, methacrylonitrile, gamma- butyrolactone, gamma- valerolactone, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N, N- dimethyl formamide, 1- dimethyl formamide-2- pyrrolidone, methylenedioxy ethane, 2-methoxy ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or dimethyl sulfoxide. And the inventive capacitor has high capacity and high service life at 85Deg. C.

The invention discloses a preparation method of sludge activated carbon. The preparation method of the sludge activated carbon comprises the following steps that surplus sludge taken from a sewage treatment plant is dried, smashed and screened, and then the sludge activated carbon is obtained through pyrolysis treatment, oxidation treatment, ammonification treatment and methylation treatment. The invention further relates to the application of the sludge activated carbon obtained through the preparation method for treating low-concentration perchlorate waste water. The preparation method is simple, easy to implement and low in cost, the prepared sludge activated carbon is high in adsorption capacity, recyclable and capable of effectively treating low-concentration perchlorate solutions, and secondary pollution cannot be caused in the adsorption process.

The invention discloses a method for detecting perchlorate in tea leaves by adopting solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and belongs to the field of analysis and detection. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by combining acetic acid aqueous extraction and weak anion exchanged solid phase extraction column purification with a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection technology, the contents of the perchlorate in the tea leaves are separated and analyzed; the method has the advantages of high purification degree of matrix, high sensitivity and accurate qualitation and quantitation. According to the method for detecting the perchlorate in the tea leaves, the recycling rate of the perchlorate in the tea leaves is 97.8 to 101.8 percent, the relative standard deviation is less than 10.0 percent, and the minimum quantification limit is 0.01mg / kg; the method can be used for detecting the perchlorate in the tea leaves.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a filtering medium for removing perchlorate in water, which comprises the following steps: (a) mixing raw materials containing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, activated carbon, zeolite powder and gas generation agent, wherein the weight ratio of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, the activated carbon, the zeolite Powder and the gas generation agent is 100-300:150-300:50-100:50-100; and (b) pressing, sintering and cooling the mixture obtained in the step (a). The filtering medium prepared by the method and used for removing perchlorate in water has over 95 percent of removal and has simple method, low cost and quick effect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a flame-retardant cellulosic fiber. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a) mixing a flame retardant and cellulose to obtain a mixture,and then dissolving the mixture in an aqueous solution of an ionic liquid to prepare a mixed spinning stock solution; b) filtering the stock solution of the step a), performing spinning, solidification, stretching, water washing, bleaching, oiling and drying to obtain the flame-retardant cellulose fiber; wherein the ionic liquid is prepared by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, bi-1,4-bis [1-(3-methylimidazolyl)] butyl dichloride and bi-1,4-bis[1-(3-methylimidazolyl) butyl diperchlorate. Experiments show that the flame-retardant cellulosic fiber prepared by the method has excellentmechanical properties, flame retardancy and stability, simple preparation process and low cost, does not need any organic solvent, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, does not need special equipment and harsh conditions, is easy to realize industrial production and has extremely high practical value.

Systems and methods for removing perchlorate load off of ion exchange resins are disclosed. The systems and methods rely upon direct contact between the resin and a liquid product formed by the culturing of perchlorate-destroying microorganisms. These methods can be incorporated into methods for removing perchlorate from aqueous streams. A resin product comprising an anion exchange resin with a coating of perchlorate-destroying microorganisms on its surface is also disclosed.