287 results about "Perchlorate" patented technology

An activated carbon material for removing a contaminant from a liquid. The activated carbon material can be a plurality carbon grains that have a pore volume of approximately 0.1 milliliters per gram (mL/g) in the range of less than about 15 angstroms in width. The carbon grains can also have or contain a nitrogen-containing species having a concentration of more than 2 atomic percent nitrogen. A plurality of the carbon grains can be used to make a contactor that is operable to remove or reduce perchlorate having a concentration of 20 parts per billion (ppb) to less than 4 ppb from 4,500 bed volumes of water with the nitrogen-containing species leaching off of the carbon grains less than 0.1 mg/L. The activated carbon material can also be electrochemically regenerated.

The invention discloses a preparation method of modified micron zero-valent iron and an application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. The preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron comprises the steps of cleaning of iron raw materials, preparation of micro iron, ultrafine grinding and modifying treatment. A modifying agent composed of water, xanthan gum, sulfide, a stabilizing agent, zeolite and blast furnace slag is adopted in the step of modifying treatment. The preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron has the beneficial effects that the production process of the modified micron zero-valent iron is simple, and the effect similar or superior to micron zero-valent iron is achieved while the cost is reduced; and in addition, the reaction activity is controlled, the oxidation rate is decreased, excellent stability is obtained, and the acting time of the micron zero-valent iron is longer. By the adoption of the application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron, the remediation cost of heavy metal contaminated underground water is further reduced. According to the preparation method of the modified micron zero-valent iron and the application method of the modified micron zero-valent iron in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, organic fertilizer is added in the soil treatment process so that the fertility of soil can be improved, the structure of soil can be improved through humic acid produced by the organic fertilizer, heavy metal elements, such as lead, chromium and arsenic, in underground water can be removed, and the concentration of pollutants such as nitrate and perchlorate can be reduced.

Hyperbranched macromolecules and methods are described for selectively filtering contaminants such as anions from water and non-aqueous solutions, particularly in the presence of competing contaminants including other anions. The hyperbranched macromolecules may contain alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 2-methyl-2-hydroxylalkyl, 2-hydroxy-2-phenylalkyl, and other groups, which may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. The molecules may preferentially bind to the contaminant at interest at low pH, and release the contaminant at a pH of about 9. The molecules may be used to filter contaminants including perchlorate and nitrate even in the presence of high sulfate concentrations.

The invention discloses a metal organic frame material for separating ethane and ethylene and a separation method of the ethylene and the ethane .The metal organic frame material has the advantages ofgood stability, high adsorption capacity, good adsorption and separation selectivity, simple preparation method and low preparation cost. The general structural formula of the metal organic frame material is M(C7O5H4).2H2O, wherein M is a metal ion, and the structure of the metal organic frame material is a three-dimensional network structure formed from a transition metal ion or an alkaline earth metal ion and gallic acid through coordinate bonds or intermolecular forces. A preparation method is as follows: (1) an inorganic salt, the gallic acid, an alkali, and deionized water are mixed according to a ratio, stirred and dissolved, and then put into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction; the inorganic salt is a chloride salt, a nitrate salt, an acetate, a carbonate, a sulphate or aperchlorate of the metal ion; and (2) after the end of the hydrothermal reaction, the deionized water and absolute ethanol are in turn used for washing, and vacuum drying is performed. The metal-organic frame material is used as an adsorbent to perform adsorption separation of a mixed gas containing the ethylene and the ethane.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a fluorescent molecular probe for detecting fluoride ions in aqueous solutions through fluorescence enhancement and an application of the fluorescent molecular probe to detecting fluoride ions. The fluorescent molecular probe is prepared by protecting 1,4-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyquinoxaline-6-aldehyde taken as a raw material with silane and then condensing the raw material and malononitrile. The fluorescent molecular probe is simple and convenient to synthesize, and reaction conditions are mild. The fluorescent molecular probe has the specific characteristics that the probe molecule has stable optical properties and higher synthetic yield; the probe molecule has high sensitivity of detection of fluoride ions in the aqueous solutions and low lower limit of detection, and the limit of detection is 5.4mu M; the response range is 0-1mM and the detection range is wide; the probe molecule has good selectivity and has no responses to anions, such as chloride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, tetrabutylammonium cyanide, nitrates radicals, hydrosulfate radicals, perchlorate radicals, acetate radicals, thiocyanate radicals, azide radicals, cysteine, bovine serum albumin, carbonate radicals, sulfate radicals and reduced glutathione; the fluorescent molecular probe has practical application values in the fields of biochemistry, environmental sciences and the like.

The invention discloses a polishing solution for processing an ultra-smooth bearing steel surface and application thereof. The polishing solution comprises 0.01-40 wt% of grinding particle, 0-10 wt% of oxidizer, 0.1-10 wt% of metal complexing agent, 0-5 wt% of metal corrosion inhibitor and the balance of water. The grinding particle is selected from at least one of monocrystal diamond, polycrystalline diamond, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, fumed silica and colloidal silicon dioxide; the oxidizer is selected from at least one of periodate, iodate, perchlorate, persulfate and hydrogen peroxide; the metal complexing agent is selected from at least one of ammonia, amino acid and organic acid; and the metal corrosion inhibitor is selected from at least one of nitrogen-containing heterocycle derivatives, sulfur-containing heterocycle derivatives and heterocycle derivatives simultaneously containing nitrogen and sulfur. The bearing steel obtained by using the polishing solution has the functional characteristics of low surface roughness and low number of defects, and thus, can be used in precise devices.

A process for leaching sulfide ore by full-wet method includes such steps as mixing the sulfide ore with additive, adding water, reacting at 10-150 deg.C while controlling the final pH to 0-14, and oxidizing by adding oxidizing agent. Said ore is the sulfuride of Cu, Ni, Co, or Zn. Said additive is the water-soluble compound of Cu, Pb, and Co, etc. Said oxidizing agent may be air O2, H2O2, etc. Its advantage is high leaching speed.

The invention discloses a method for preparing micro-pore firework powder capable with improved the fire ignition and transfer properties, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, dissolving materials, emulsifying, foaming, balling, then removing a solvent, separating the materials, and finally, drying; when the materials are dissolved, emulsified and foamed, adding a water solution of a sensitizing agent; and adding a water solution containing a sensitizing agent and a dispersing agent as a dispersion medium in the balling process, wherein the concentration of the water solutions of the sensitizing agents is the same. The used sensitizing agents can adopt the nitrate, the perchlorate or the mixture thereof of alkali metal or alkali earth metal, and the addition proportion is 0.2 to 10 percent of the mass of raw powder. The sensitizing agents are added in the forming process of the micro-pore firework powder by the form of the water solutions, an extra procedure is not added, a forming medium is recycled in the technological process, environmental pollution and material wastage can not be caused, the distribution of the sensitizing agents in an obtained sample of a finished product is more uniform, and the ignition capability and the normal-pressure fire transfer speed are both enhanced obviously.

A gas generating composition is obtained in which an amount of a combustion residue based on a unit amount of a gas generated is reduced.A gas generating composition comprising nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate or a mixture thereof as a fuel and further an oxidizing agent. The oxidizing agent is a perchloric acid salt, a nitric acid salt or a mixture thereof, and when the oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate, a chlorine neutralizer is further incorporated.

The invention discloses a metal-organic framework material for separating xenon and krypton and a method for separating xenon and krypton. The metal-organic framework material is good in stability andhigh in adsorptive separation selectivity, the preparation method is simple, and the preparation cost is low. The general structural formula of the metal-organic framework material is [M(C4O4(OH)2).3H2O or [M(C4O4)].2.5H2O, wherein M is metal ions, and transition metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions and squaric acid form a 3D network structure through coordinate bonds or intermolecular actingforce. A preparation method comprises the steps as follows: (1) inorganic salt, squaric acid, alkali and deionized water are mixed in proportion, and the obtained mixture is put in a reactor for a hydrothermal reaction after being stirred to be dissolved, wherein the inorganic salt comprises chlorate, nitrate, acetate, carbonate, sulfate or perchlorate of metal ions; (2) after the hydrothermal reaction, a product is washed with deionized water multiple times, vacuum drying is performed, and the metal-organic framework material is obtained. The metal-organic framework material is used as an adsorbent to perform adsorptive separation on mixed gas containing xenon and krypton.

The invention provides a special gold dissolving agent for a gold ore. The special gold dissolving agent is prepared by reacting and mixing carbonate or bicarbonate, hydroxide, permanganate, perchlorate, persulphate, ammonium salt, sodium ferrocyanide or potassium ferrocyanide. The gold dissolving agent has the advantages of rapidly dissolving metal gold, selectively leaching gold from various gold ores, being low in toxicity and the like.

The invention relates to an Mg/Al/X ternary composite metal oxide catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is characterized in that the catalyst consists of magnesium, aluminum and ternary metal elements, and the surface of a catalyst product is distributed with an aperture of which diameter is 1 to 20mu m and a protrusion of which height is 0.1 to 10mu m; and the ternary metal elements contain Ce, Dy, Fe, Mn, Co, Cd, Zn or Ni soluble salt comprising nitrate, hydrochloride, sulfate, phosphate or perchlorate. The preparation method for the catalyst comprises the following processes in turn: precursor preparation, crystallization, secondary crystallization, molding and calcination. The catalyst is applicable to the production process of the conventional kettle-type or intermittent polyether product, has good narrow molecular-weight distribution effect for the synthesis of the polyether product, has high catalytic rate, and can be recycled.

The invention relates to a super-capacitor high-temperature electrolyte. Wherein, its solute is N-trialkyl-N-alkoxy acyl fluoroboric acid or phosphorofluoric acid or Fraude's reagent, or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid; and the solvent is aprotic solvents; its density in room temperature is 0.8-2.0mol/l; the aprotic solvents are acetonitrile, ethyl cyanide, methacrylonitrile, gamma- butyrolactone, gamma- valerolactone, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, N, N- dimethyl formamide, 1- dimethyl formamide-2- pyrrolidone, methylenedioxy ethane, 2-methoxy ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, or dimethyl sulfoxide. And the inventive capacitor has high capacity and high service life at 85Deg. C.

The invention discloses a preparation method of sludge activated carbon. The preparation method of the sludge activated carbon comprises the following steps that surplus sludge taken from a sewage treatment plant is dried, smashed and screened, and then the sludge activated carbon is obtained through pyrolysis treatment, oxidation treatment, ammonification treatment and methylation treatment. The invention further relates to the application of the sludge activated carbon obtained through the preparation method for treating low-concentration perchlorate waste water. The preparation method is simple, easy to implement and low in cost, the prepared sludge activated carbon is high in adsorption capacity, recyclable and capable of effectively treating low-concentration perchlorate solutions, and secondary pollution cannot be caused in the adsorption process.

The invention discloses a method for detecting perchlorate in tea leaves by adopting solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and belongs to the field of analysis and detection. According to the method disclosed by the invention, by combining acetic acid aqueous extraction and weak anion exchanged solid phase extraction column purification with a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection technology, the contents of the perchlorate in the tea leaves are separated and analyzed; the method has the advantages of high purification degree of matrix, high sensitivity and accurate qualitation and quantitation. According to the method for detecting the perchlorate in the tea leaves, the recycling rate of the perchlorate in the tea leaves is 97.8 to 101.8 percent, the relative standard deviation is less than 10.0 percent, and the minimum quantification limit is 0.01mg/kg; the method can be used for detecting the perchlorate in the tea leaves.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a filtering medium for removing perchlorate in water, which comprises the following steps: (a) mixing raw materials containing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, activated carbon, zeolite powder and gas generation agent, wherein the weight ratio of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, the activated carbon, the zeolite Powder and the gas generation agent is 100-300:150-300:50-100:50-100; and (b) pressing, sintering and cooling the mixture obtained in the step (a). The filtering medium prepared by the method and used for removing perchlorate in water has over 95 percent of removal and has simple method, low cost and quick effect.

The invention provides a method for realizing detection of mercury ions in pure water solution in a ratio fluorescence form on the basis of a metal-organic framework material. According to the method, 5,5minute-(ethane-1,2-disubstituted bis(oxy)) m-phthalic acid is used as a ligand, and takes a hydrothermal reaction with hexahydrate cadmium perchlorate to obtain a three-dimensional metal-organic framework material; the material has dual fluorescence emission functions, i.e., a fluorescence emission peak based on the ligand and a charge transfer emission peak based on ligand-metal ions charge transfer are respectively included; the detection of the mercury ions by the metal-organic framework material in the ratio fluorescence form can be realized; the specificity on the mercury ion detection in alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, transition metal and other heavy metal ions is shown; through much characterization, the mechanism of the material on the mercury ion detection is specific. Therefore the material provides a method for mercury ion ratio fluorescence detection on the basis of the metal-organic framework material, and the method has the advantages that the sensitivity is high, and the operation is simple.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a technology for degrading perchlorate in water by employing a biodegradable material as a carbon source and a used degradable composite material. The biodegradable composite material is prepared from 10-80 parts of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and 10-70 parts of PLC by cross-linking reaction. By adopting the degradable composite material disclosed by the invention, a micro-pore or filiform texture is correspondingly generated on the particle surface along with decomposition of degradable PHB. Thus, follow-up adhesion and growth of microorganisms and development into a biological membrane on the carrier surface are facilitated, slow release of the carbon source is achieved, the problems of reduction of a metabolic function of perchlorate reducing bacteria and reduction of the pollutant removal effect caused by deficiency of the carbon source can be overcome; and the degradation rate is moderate, and the degradable composite material can provide enough carbon source for metabolism of the perchlorate reducing bacteria and also can ensure a long replacement period of the carbon source. Therefore, the average removal rate and handling capacity can be effectively improved, and the treatment time is shortened.

Propellant compositions are provided herein for use in small arms cartridges. Such propellant compositions include from about 70 to about 90% by weight of a cellulose-based organic fuel, from about 5 to about 30% by weight of a non-azide, nitrogen-containing primary organic oxidizer and from about 0.5 to about 10.0% by weight of a secondary nitrate, perchlorate, chlorate of peroxide oxidizer. Preferably, such compositions are in the form of extruded shaped hollow cylindrical grains having a length in the range of 0.030 to 0.200 inch, a diameter in the range 0.040 to 0.070 inch, and having a coaxial opening there through having a wall grain thickness in the range 0.008 to 0.016 inch. Ignition grains are also provided for use alone or in a mixture with the propellant compositions. When used in a small caliber firearm or muzzleloader, the temperature of combustion is at a level that ensures substantially complete combustion of the fuel during firing so that the products of combustion are mostly gaseous.