36 results about "Chlorate ion" patented technology

The invention provides a medicament for treating wastewater containing perchlorate, which consists of two parts, namely a targeted remover and a guide activator, the core components of the targeted remover comprise dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and the like. The guiding activating agent comprises one or more of polyferric sulfate, polyferric chloride, polyaluminum ferric chloride and polyaluminum ferric silicate. The treatment agent is simple in component, a large number of perchlorate-loving ion groups contained in the treatment agent can be fully combined with perchlorate in wastewater, the perchlorate is separated out from water in a precipitation mode and then is separated and removed, and the one-step removal rate reaches 95% or above.

This invention relates to the field of automatic control technology, specifically to a method for stabilizing and controlling the effective chlorine content of sodium hypochlorite solution. During the cooling stage of the sodium hypochlorite solution, an online electrochemical sensor acquires the concentration signal of free trace metal ions in the solution. When the signal reaches a preset threshold of the controller, the controller instructs a peristaltic pump to add a compound stabilizer to the solution. The compound stabilizer is prepared by mixing a specific short peptide containing cysteine ​​and histidine with a silicate buffer solution. After adding the compound stabilizer, the solution undergoes short-term ultrasonic cavitation treatment. This method uses a specific short peptide instead of traditional aminopolycarboxylate salts, avoiding the breaking and failure of carbon-nitrogen bonds under strong oxidizing conditions, preventing secondary release of metal ions that could trigger catalytic decomposition, extending the effective chlorine half-life, and reducing the amount of chlorate byproducts generated.

The invention provides a multi-effect integrated potassium hydroxide ionic membrane process production system, relates to the technical field of potassium hydroxide industrial production, and realizes efficient and green production through synergistic operation of salt refining, electrolysis, gas treatment, resource recovery and other units. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving a raw material potassium chloride in a salt dissolving tank, sequentially adding KOH, FeCl3 and K2CO3 into a baffling tank, carrying out chemical refining, removing organic matters and calcium and magnesium ions, carrying out three-stage cross-flow filtration by a membrane filter and carrying out advanced treatment by an ion exchange resin tower to prepare high-purity primary brine, and carrying out an electrolysis process. Chlorine generated by an anode of the electrolytic tank is subjected to multi-stage washing, cooling and drying, then is pressurized and sent to an acid making unit, and light salt brine generated by electrolysis is subjected to chlorate decomposition and vacuum dechlorination processes, so that efficient removal of free chlorine and recovery of chlorine are realized. The system ensures the production stability and safety through gradient utilization of heat energy, closed-loop circulation of water resources and automatic control, and has economic and environment-friendly benefits.

An electrolyte for a lithium-ion cyclizing battery comprises a glycerol-based ionic liquid and an ammonium-based cyclic ionic liquid. The glycerol-based ionic liquid essentially comprises equimolar amounts of a cation component, consisting of a lithium (Li+)-glycerol complex, and an anion component, consisting of an arsenate ion, a phosphate ion, a sulfonylimide ion, a borate ion, and / or a chlorate ion. The ammonium-based cyclic ionic liquid comprises a cation component, consisting of a piperidinium ion and / or a pyrrolidinium ion, and an anion component, consisting of an arsenate ion, a phosphate ion, a sulfonylimide ion, a borate ion, and / or a chlorate ion. The electrolyte has a lithium concentration greater than or equal to 0.2 mol per liter and less than or equal to 1.6 mol per liter.The electrolyte can be used in batteries that cycle lithium ions and include silicon-containing electroactive materials of the negative electrode.

The invention relates to a method for synergistically removing impurity iron in a zinc sulfate solution through ultrasonic-enhanced multi-class oxidants, and belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy solution purification. The method comprises the following steps: heating a Fe < 2 + >-containing zinc sulfate solution to 60-95 DEG C, adding a strongly acidic oxidant, uniformly mixing, adding a neutralizer to regulate the pH value of the solution to 2.5-4.0, and carrying out ultrasonic reinforcement and initial rapid oxidation; adding a steady-state chlorate oxidizing agent, uniformly mixing, and continuously oxidizing in the middle stage of ultrasonic enhancement; and adding a free radical source oxidant, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultrasonic-enhanced last-stage deep oxidation, synchronously carrying out ultrasonic induction to generate goethite in situ, crystallizing, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain goethite slag and iron-precipitated liquid. According to the method, external goethite crystal seeds do not need to be added, the goethite is generated through induced neutralization and hydrolysis, and the iron removal rate reaches up to 99.99%. Compared with a traditional process, the iron removal rate is increased by 12.49%, the iron content in the goethite slag is increased by 3.92%, and the water content is reduced by 11.05%.

The invention relates to a qualitative and quantitative method for liensinine perchlorate. The qualitative method comprises the following steps: weighing 1mg of liensinine perchlorate and 1mg of liensinine, uniformly grinding and tabletting the liensinine perchlorate and the liensinine with 100mg of potassium bromide respectively, acquiring an infrared spectrum of 4000-400cm <-1 > by adopting an infrared spectrometer, and comparing spectrograms to find that the peak shapes of the liensinine perchlorate and the liensinine are similar, the peak shapes of the liensinine perchlorate and the liensinine perchlorate are common characteristic peaks and the peak shapes of the liensinine perchlorate are unique characteristic peaks of the liensinine perchlorate and the liensinine are common characteristic peaks and the peak shapes of the The quantitative method comprises the following steps: weighing a series of liensinine perchlorate reference substances with different masses, uniformly grinding and tabletting the liensinine perchlorate reference substances and 100mg of potassium bromide respectively, collecting an infrared spectrum, carrying out integration on a 625cm <-1 > characteristic peak to obtain a peak area, and drawing a standard curve by taking the peak area as a vertical coordinate and taking the sampling mass of the reference substances as a horizontal coordinate; the method comprises the following steps: weighing a sample to be detected, collecting an infrared spectrum, integrating a 625cm <-1 > characteristic peak to obtain a peak area, substituting the peak area into the standard curve equation, calculating the mass of the liensinine perchlorate in the sample, and substituting the mass into the content calculation formula to obtain the content of the liensinine perchlorate in the sample. The method is good in precision, repeatability and stability, wide in linear range, high in linear correlation coefficient and high in recovery rate, the problem that liensinine interference cannot be avoided in an existing content determination method is effectively solved, whether liensinine perchlorate is generated or not can be qualitatively judged, and the quantity of liensinine perchlorate generated can be quantitatively detected; and a feasible new method is provided for production process optimization and quality evaluation of liensinine perchlorate.

To provide a method for manufacturing a new germicidal disinfectant from sodium hypochlorite degraded during storage.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a new germicidal disinfectant from a solution including hypochlorite ion, chloric ion, and chloride ion, includes: a first reaction process of adding sulfuric acid to the solution and generating chlorine gas; a process of reacting the chlorine gas generated in a recovery liquid A with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide and recovering it as hypochlorite ion; a second reaction process of adding sulfuric acid having higher concentration than that in the first reaction process to a reaction mother liquid after the first reaction process and generating chlorine dioxide gas; a process of reacting the generated chlorine dioxide gas with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in a recovery liquid B and recovering it as chlorous acid ion; and a process of blending the recovery liquid A with the recovery liquid B to obtain the new germicidal disinfectant.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Gas generating composition for use in safety devices for vehicles, with a gas yield of at least 85%, the composition consisting of 75 to 98 wt% guanidine nitrate as fuel, 2 to 25 wt.% of a combustion accelerator selected from the group of transition metal compounds, metal nitrates, metal chlorates, metal perchlorates, ammonium perchlorate and mixtures thereof, wherein the transition metal compounds are selected from the compounds of the transition metals Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Zr and Mo and have an average grain size of at most 5 µm and a specific surface area of ​​at least 1 m 2 / g, 0 to 5 wt.% combustion moderators and / or coolants, and 0 to 3 wt.% processing aids from the group of flow aids, pressing aids and lubricants, each based on the total composition, and wherein the gas generating composition has a burning rate of 3 to 17 mm / s at 20 MPa.

An electrolyte for a battery that cycles lithium ions includes a glyme-based ionic liquid and a cyclic ammonium-based ionic liquid. The glyme-based ionic liquid includes substantially equimolar amounts of a cation component including a complex of lithium (Li+) and a glyme and an anion component including an arsenate ion, a phosphate ion, a sulfonylimide ion, a borate ion, and / or a chlorate ion. The cyclic ammonium-based ionic liquid includes a cation component including a piperidinium ion and / or a pyrrolidinium ion and an anion component including an arsenate ion, a phosphate ion, a sulfonylimide ion, a borate ion, and / or a chlorate ion. The electrolyte has a lithium concentration of greater than or equal to 0.2 moles per liter and less than or equal to 1.6 moles per liter. The electrolyte may be used in batteries that cycle lithium ions and that include silicon-containing electroactive negative electrode materials.

The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a purification treatment method and application of perchlorate wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out first filtration treatment, anaerobic bacteria treatment and second filtration treatment on the perchlorate wastewater to obtain purified wastewater; in the anaerobic bacteria treatment, anaerobic treatment is carried out on the perchlorate wastewater by adopting an anaerobic bacteria molecular sieve. The invention provides a purification treatment method of perchlorate wastewater. The purification treatment method comprises the following steps: removing solid particles, heavy metal ions and part of perchlorate in the perchlorate wastewater through first filtration treatment; decomposing perchlorate radicals to obtain chloride ions through anaerobic bacteria treatment, absorbing chlorine salt through second filtration treatment, and recycling. The method is widely applicable to perchlorate wastewater in various fields.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering, in particular to a chlorate treatment device of an ionic membrane caustic soda reducing system, which comprises a barrel and a housing bolted to the middle section of the surface of the barrel; in the premixing stage of the ionic membrane caustic soda system, the vertical pipe is matched with the spiral blade to push the material to move in the barrel, the material can be forced to flow and react at the same time, non-uniform local concentration is avoided, the temperature control mechanism is matched, internal and external synchronous heating and cooling are realized, rapid cooling and heating are realized, the temperature is maintained at 90-95 DEG C, and the reaction time is shortened. By combining the use of an ultrasonic mechanism, ultrasonic waves on the inner side are transmitted through a vertical pipe and act on a material conveyed in the cylinder body, the cavitation effect enhances mass transfer and accelerates conversion of intermediate products, and the synergistic effect of the three can reduce side reactions and reduce the accumulation risk of the pypocholoride, so that the production efficiency of the pypocholoride is improved. The stability of a subsequent system and the purity of the generated chlorine are improved.

The invention relates to an adsorption coagulation treatment method for perchlorate wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: reducing the turbidity of the wastewater by using activated carbon as a pretreating agent; capturing perchlorate radicals through a hydrolysate by adopting polyaluminum chloride as a coagulant; then potassium permanganate and manganese chloride tetrahydrate are subjected to an oxidation-reduction reaction to generate nascent state manganese dioxide in situ; the nascent state manganese dioxide and the polyaluminum chloride hydrolysate form a composite floc through a bonding effect, and perchlorate is removed through an adsorption-coagulation synergistic effect. According to the treatment method disclosed by the invention, on the basis of the volume of the wastewater, the dosage of each component is as follows: 0.1-0.5 g / L of activated carbon, 30-45 mg / L of polyaluminum chloride, 20-80 mg / L of potassium permanganate and 40-160 mg / L of manganese chloride tetrahydrate. The invention relates to an adsorption and coagulation treatment method for perchlorate wastewater, which is used for treating perchlorate wastewater generated in industries such as military industry, spaceflight and firework production.

The present application relates to the technical field of deep treatment of brine for preparation of potassium hydroxide by electrolysis, and discloses a method and operation system for removing chlorate produced in preparation of potassium hydroxide by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis, step one: introducing the brine discharged from the electrolysis procedure into a buffer homogenizing tank, mixing after stirring, proportionally shunting through a double-path variable frequency pump, and respectively conveying to a titanium-based electrolytic cell and a dechlorination raw material buffer tank, the titanium-based electrolytic cell being supplied with nitrogen until the oxygen content in the cell is ≤0.5%; step two: starting the power supply of the titanium-based electrolytic cell, setting the initial cell voltage, adjusting the current density through a rectifier, and simultaneously dynamically adjusting the electrolysis parameters based on the free chlorine concentration in the brine to control the hydrogen production. The method and operation system for removing chlorate produced in preparation of potassium hydroxide by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis can accurately control the generation and residual amount of chlorate in the electrolysis system, avoid the chlorate from passing through the ion-exchange membrane into the cathode to cause the chlorate in the finished product to exceed the standard, and significantly improve the purity and quality grade of the potassium hydroxide product.

The utility model provides a chlorate decomposing device in caustic soda production by an ionic membrane method. The chlorate decomposing device comprises a first-stage decomposing tank, a second-stage decomposing tank, a hydrochloric acid pipeline, a light salt brine pipeline, a first elbow, a second elbow, a chlorine outlet and a dechlorination pipeline, wherein the hydrochloric acid pipeline, the light salt brine pipeline and the first elbow are communicated with the first-stage decomposing tank, and the second elbow, the chlorine outlet and the dechlorination pipeline are communicated with the second-stage decomposing tank. According to the chlorate decomposing device in caustic soda production through the ionic membrane method, one end of a liquid discharging pipe can be sealed while a sealing disc is pushed through the elastic acting force of a spring, so that a certain amount of chlorate decomposing solution can be pre-stored in a first-stage decomposing tank, and the chlorate and hydrochloric acid are continuously added; the pressure intensity of liquid at the bottom of the inner side of the primary decomposition tank is increased, so that a sealing disc can be pressed to compress a spring under the action of the liquid pressure, and a solution obtained by primarily decomposing chlorate in the primary decomposition tank can be automatically conveyed into the secondary decomposition tank through a liquid discharge pipe to be continuously decomposed; therefore, the overall treatment efficiency of the decomposition device is improved.

The invention discloses a bipyrazole-based heat-resistant explosive as well as perchlorate and a synthesis method of the bipyrazole-based heat-resistant explosive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out oxidation reaction on 5, 5 '-dimethyl-4, 4'-dinitro-2H, 2 'H-3, 3'-bipyrazole under the action of potassium hydroxide and potassium permanganate; and (2) carrying out cyclization reaction on the reaction product in the step (1) and diaminoguanidine hydrochloride in a polyphosphoric acid system to obtain the target product heat-resistant explosive, and (3) carrying out acid-base neutralization reaction on the heat-resistant explosive to generate related energetic ionic salt. The heat-resistant explosive and the energetic ionic salt synthesized in the invention have excellent thermal stability and detonation performance, and have application prospects in the field of heat-resistant explosives. The synthesis process is simple and convenient, no by-product is generated, the target product with high purity can be obtained without purification, and industrial production can be carried out.

The invention relates to the technical field of food detection, and particularly discloses a method for determining chlorate and perchlorate in lactoferrin through high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method comprises the following steps: adding an isotope internal standard into a lactoferrin sample, dissolving with an ammonia water solution, precipitating protein with acetonitrile, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, centrifuging, and taking supernate; purifying by a PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction column, filtering by a regenerated cellulose filter membrane, discarding primary effluent, and collecting liquid to be detected; a pentafluorophenyl chromatographic column is used for separation, a formic acid-containing aqueous solution and acetonitrile are used for gradient elution, an electrospray anion mode is combined with multi-reaction monitoring detection, and an isotope internal standard method is used for quantification. The method adapts to characteristics of a lactoferrin exclusive matrix, protein precipitation is thorough, matrix interference can be effectively reduced, the extraction recovery rate and detection accuracy of a target object are improved, separation and detection stability is excellent, pollutants can be accurately quantified, and a reliable detection means is provided for safe management and control of lactoferrin raw materials.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical wastewater treatment, and relates to a Sm diatomic electrocatalyst, a preparation method thereof and a method for treating oxysalt wastewater. The catalyst takes nitrogen-doped carbon as a carrier, and Sm-Sm diatomic sites are anchored in a carbon skeleton in an atomic scale manner through Sm-N coordination. The preparation method comprises the following steps: self-assembling Sm2O3 and a nitrogen-containing organic matter in a buffer solution to obtain a precursor, carrying out high-temperature carbonization in an inert atmosphere, and then carrying out acid etching to remove redundant oxides so as to obtain the high-density Sm diatomic site. The catalyst is loaded on a conductive substrate as a cathode, and negative potential is applied to an aqueous solution containing nitrate, bromate and / or perchlorate, so that the nitrate can be efficiently reduced into nitrogen, the bromate and the perchlorate are reduced into corresponding halide ions, and the catalyst is prepared. The catalyst has the advantages of hydrogen evolution reaction inhibition, high oxysalt removal rate, good target product selectivity, excellent stability and the like.

An electrolysis unit (13) that constitutes at least a portion of an electrolysis device generates a chloric acid compound by electrolyzing rearing water in a region where the rearing water is retained or flows, to decompose ammonia or ammonium ions in the rearing water. The electrolysis unit (13) has: an electrode unit (55) having a first electrode (55A) and a second electrode (55B) that are disposed in the region; and a voltage application unit (51) that applies a voltage between the electrodes. The voltage application unit (51) switches between a first state in which electrolysis is performed in the region by applying a voltage in such a manner that the first electrode (55A) serves as an anode and the second electrode (55B) serves as a cathode, and a second state in which a voltage is applied in such a manner that the second electrode (55B) serves as an anode and the first electrode (55A) serves as a cathode.

The invention relates to the technical field of light salt brine deep treatment for preparing potassium hydroxide through an electrolytic method, and discloses a method for removing chlorate through potassium hydroxide preparation and an operation system thereof.The method comprises the steps that firstly, light salt brine discharged in the electrolysis process is introduced into a buffer homogenizing tank, stirred and mixed, and then proportionally shunted through a two-way variable frequency pump; the raw materials are conveyed to a titanium-based electrolytic bath and a dechlorination raw material buffer tank respectively, and nitrogen is introduced into the titanium-based electrolytic bath until the oxygen content in the bath is smaller than or equal to 0.5%; and 2, starting a titanium-based electrolytic cell power supply, setting an initial cell voltage, adjusting the current density through a rectifier, and dynamically adjusting electrolysis parameters based on the free chlorine concentration in the light salt brine so as to control the hydrogen yield. According to the method for removing chlorate through potassium hydroxide preparation and the operation system thereof, generation and residual quantity of chlorate in an electrolysis system can be accurately controlled, it is avoided that chlorate in finished alkali exceeds the standard due to the fact that chlorate penetrates through an ionic membrane and enters a cathode, and the purity and the quality grade of a potassium hydroxide product are remarkably improved.

The present invention provides a resource-based treatment method for manganese-containing wastewater, comprising the steps of: S1, adding an alkaline regulator to the manganese-containing wastewater to obtain a first treatment solution having a pH of 9.3-9.65; wherein the manganese-containing wastewater contains manganese ions, calcium ions, and magnesium ions, and the concentration of the manganese ions is 80-500 mg / L, and the mass of the manganese ions is less than the mass of the calcium and magnesium ions; S2, adding a flocculant to the first treatment solution and performing a first mixing to obtain a second treatment solution having a pH of 9.0-9.5; S3, adding hypochlorite to the second treatment solution and performing a second mixing, and solid-liquid separation to obtain a manganese-containing final precipitate and a manganese-removing water body. The present invention can reduce the amount of reagent used while suppressing calcium-magnesium co-precipitation; the present invention can also selectively and efficiently precipitate manganese ions, and the grade of the manganese precipitate is high, the pH of the manganese-removing water body is less than 9, and neither manganese ions nor residual chlorine exceeds the standard.

The present invention discloses a method for resource recovery of potassium perchlorate from industrial wastewater, which includes: deeply removing perchlorate in the wastewater by using macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin, enriching the perchlorate into the ion exchange resin, concentrating the perchlorate anion into the resin desorption solution by a resin regenerant, and precipitating potassium perchlorate to obtain crude potassium perchlorate crystals. The present invention obtains a large amount of crude potassium perchlorate crystals, and then purifies the crude potassium perchlorate crystals through an anti-solvent recrystallization process to obtain fine potassium perchlorate crystals with smaller particle size and higher purity. The particle size of the crude potassium perchlorate crystals of the present invention is greater than 100 microns, and the purity of potassium perchlorate reaches more than 90%; the particle size of the potassium perchlorate crystals after anti-solvent recrystallization is 8 - 45 microns, and the purity can reach more than 99.5%. In addition, the removal rate of perchlorate anion in the fireworks wastewater can reach more than 95%, the removal rate of sulfate radical reaches more than 99%, and the removal rate of COD reaches more than 60%.

The invention relates to a qualitative and quantitative method for isoliensinine perchlorate. The qualitative method comprises the following steps: weighing 1mg of isoliensinine perchlorate and 1mg of isoliensinine, uniformly grinding and tabletting the isoliensinine perchlorate and the isoliensinine with 100mg of potassium bromide respectively, acquiring an infrared spectrum of 4000-400cm <-1 > by adopting an infrared spectrometer, and comparing the spectrograms to find that the peak shapes of the isoliensinine perchlorate and the isoliensinine are similar, the peak shapes of the isoliensinine perchlorate and the isoliensinine perchlorate are common characteristic peaks and the peak shapes of the isoliensinine perchlorate are unique characteristic peaks of 625cm <-1 >. The quantitative method comprises the following steps: weighing a series of isoliensinine perchlorate reference substances with different masses, uniformly grinding and tabletting the isoliensinine perchlorate reference substances and 100mg of potassium bromide respectively, collecting an infrared spectrum, carrying out integration on a 625cm <-1 > characteristic peak to obtain a peak area, and drawing a standard curve by taking the peak area as a vertical coordinate and taking the sampling mass of the reference substances as a horizontal coordinate; the method comprises the following steps: weighing a sample to be detected, collecting an infrared spectrum, integrating a 625cm <-1 > characteristic peak to obtain a peak area, substituting the peak area into the standard curve equation, calculating the mass of the isoliensinine perchlorate in the sample, and substituting the mass of the isoliensinine perchlorate in the sample into the content calculation formula to obtain the content of the isoliensinine perchlorate in the sample. The method is good in precision, repeatability and stability, wide in linear range, high in linear correlation coefficient and high in recovery rate, the problem that an existing content determination method cannot avoid interference of isoliensinine is effectively solved, whether isoliensinine perchlorate is generated or not can be qualitatively judged, and the amount of isoliensinine perchlorate generated can be quantitatively detected. And a feasible new method is provided for production process optimization and quality evaluation of the isoliensinine perchlorate.

The invention discloses an iron / activated carbon composite electrode for removing oxysalts including perchlorate in water as well as a preparation method and application of the iron / activated carbon composite electrode, and belongs to the field of water treatment technologies and environmental functional materials. According to the electrode, activated carbon (AC) serves as a substrate, nanoscale zero-valent iron particles are loaded through an impregnation-calcination method, and the iron / activated carbon (Fe / AC) composite electrode is obtained. The electrode realizes electro-adsorption enrichment of target anions (such as ClO4 <->) by periodically switching an external potential, firstly applying a positive potential, then converting the target anions into a negative potential, and efficiently reducing the target anions into non-toxic and harmless chloride ions through the synergistic effect of direct electron transfer (DET) and hydrogenation reduction. The Fe / AC electrode prepared by the method has the characteristics of low cost, high catalytic activity, good stability and the like, has an excellent removal effect on persistent inorganic pollutants including low-concentration perchlorate in water, and is particularly suitable for deep purification of underground water and drinking water.

The invention provides a resource treatment method for manganese-containing wastewater, which comprises the following steps: S1, adding an alkaline regulator into the manganese-containing wastewater to obtain a first treatment solution with the pH value of 9.3-9.65; the manganese-containing wastewater contains manganese ions, calcium ions and magnesium ions, the concentration of the manganese ions is 80-500 mg / L, and the mass of the manganese ions is smaller than that of the calcium ions and that of the magnesium ions; s2, adding a flocculating agent into the first treatment liquid, and carrying out first mixing, so as to obtain a second treatment liquid with the pH value of 9.0-9.5; and S3, adding pypocholoride into the second treatment liquid, carrying out second mixing, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain manganese-containing final precipitate and a manganese-removed water body. According to the invention, calcium and magnesium coprecipitation can be inhibited, and meanwhile, the dosage of the medicament is reduced; and the manganese ions can be selectively and efficiently precipitated, the grade of the manganese precipitate is high, the pH value of the manganese-removed water body is less than 9, and both the manganese ions and residual chlorine do not exceed the standard.

A polishing composition for gallium oxide substrates and a polishing method, wherein the polishing composition contains silica particles, water, and polyvalent anions. The content of the polyvalent anions is 0.002 mole / liter or Jess in the polishing composition. The polyvalent anions include at least one kind of polyvalent anions selected from the group including sulfate ions, oxalate ions, citrate ions, and phosphate ions. The polishing composition for gallium oxide substrates additionally contains monovalent anions, and the content of the monovalent anions is 0.04 mole / liter or less in the polishing composition. The monovalent anions include at least one kind of monovalent anions selected from the group including nitrate ions, chloride ions, bromide ions, chlorate ions, bromide ions, acetate ions, formate ions, propionate ions, and butyrate ions. The polishing composition for gallium oxide substrates has a pH of 5.0 to 9.5 inclusive.

The present application belongs to the field of pearl processing, and relates to a pearl bleaching method based on phase transfer catalytic oxidation. Pearl grains are soaked in a potassium chlorate aqueous solution, cleaned, air-dried, and oven-dried. The oven-dried pearl grains are soaked in an 18-crown-6 alcohol organic solution, bleached until decolorization is complete, the pearl grains are removed, cleaned after being soaked in clean water, and dried to obtain finished products. The present application pre-permeates the oxidant potassium chlorate without oxidation capacity into the pearl layer and deposits it between the pearl layers, and then uses an organic phase containing crown ether (18-crown-6) to dissolve the potassium chlorate into the organic phase through complexation, so that the chlorate ion produces oxidation, and the pigment is oxidized. The present application can keep the bleaching oxidation degree of the pearl surface layer and the pearl deep layer from being greatly different, avoids the problem that the pearl layer surface is excessively oxidized and the pearl deep layer has insufficient oxidation capacity during the bleaching process, and has the advantages of simple process, simple operation, and good bleaching oxidation effect.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a polishing composition for polishing a gallium oxide substrate at a high polishing speed; and a polishing method therefor. [Solution] A polishing composition for a gallium oxide substrate, which contains silica particles, water, and multivalent anions, and wherein the content of the multivalent anions in the polishing composition is 0.002 mol / L or less. The multivalent anion is a multivalent anion including at least one type of multivalent anion selected from the group consisting of sulfate ions, oxalate ions, citrate ions, and phosphate ions. The polishing composition further contains a monovalent anion, and the content of the monovalent anion in the polishing composition is 0.04 mol / L or less. A polishing composition in which a monovalent anion is a monovalent anion including at least one type of monovalent anion selected from the group consisting of a nitrate ion, a chloride ion, a bromide ion, a chlorate ion, a bromide ion, an acetate ion, a formate ion, a propionate ion, and a butyrate ion. And the pH is from 5.0 to 9.5 (inclusive).

The invention belongs to the technical field of energetic compounds, and discloses an AB2X5 type heat-resistant energetic material based on multi-ion assembly and a preparation method of the AB2X5 type heat-resistant energetic material, and the energetic material is methylamine ethylenediamine perchlorate and has an AB2X5 type crystal structure. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving ethidene diamine and methylamine in a solvent in proportion, slowly adding perchloric acid with the same mole number as the total mole number of amine at the low temperature of-10 to 20 DEG C, reacting, filtering, washing with water at low temperature, leaching with ethanol, and drying to obtain the product. The decomposition temperature of the material reaches 330 DEG C, and the material is low in hygroscopicity, simple in synthesis process and suitable for the fields of heat-resistant energetic materials and solid propellant oxidants.

A method of manufacturing a dry solid comprising a hypochlorite and a chlorite may include preparing a solution comprising a hypochlorite ion, a chlorate ion, and a chloride ion; a first reaction step for adding sulfuric acid to the solution to generate chlorine gas; reacting the generated chlorine gas with sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide and recovering a reaction product as a hypochlorite ion in recovery liquid A; a second reaction step for adding sulfuric acid to a reaction mother liquor after the first reaction step at a concentration that is higher than that in the first reaction step to generate chlorine dioxide gas; reacting the generated chlorine dioxide gas with sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide and recovering a reaction product as a chlorite ion in recovery liquid B; mixing recovery liquid A with recovery liquid B; and drying and solidifying the resulting mixture.