477results about "Chlorine dioxide" patented technology

A method for manufacturing molecular chlorine dioxide, by the addition of potassium iodide to a solution of alkali metal chlorite. The metal chlorite and the potassium iodide are kept separate, until the need for the generation of chlorine dioxide arises-to ensure long-shelf life. After initiation or activation of the chlorite anion to form chlorine dioxide, the beneficial properties of chlorine dioxide can be used, for different health and cosmetic purposes. Such uses include the treatment of herpes, dandruff, acne, skin rashes (e.g. poison ivy), ulcers, bed sores, warts, nail fungus, athletes foot, sun burn and gum disease; and as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and general deodorant form refrigerator sprays to oral mouthrinses.

An aqueous solution of metal chlorate, mineral acid and a reducing agent are continuously or intermittently sprayed, in a pattern to achieve intimate mixing, into a spherical chamber creating an aqueous foam reaction mixture generating chlorine dioxide which is removed in a direction 90 degrees to the axis of the spray nozzles. A baffle plate may be used to reduce the open cross sectional area of the exit port to increase reaction efficiency. The reactants are a mineral acid and an alkali metal chlorate or chloric acid and a reducing agent such as hydrogen peroxide. The mineral acid is either diluted or concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid or a blend thereof. The ratio of acid is greater than one and less than 3 kg acid per kg of ClO2 formed. The chlorine dioxide may be removed with a stripper column.

This invention relates to a stable composition and method of making a thickened fluid composition comprising chlorine dioxide. The stable composition includes a mixture containing a chlorite, an acid source, and a thickener component. At least one of the chlorite, the acid source and the thickener component is in particulate form. In an embodiment, the mixture may be a unitary solid body wherein chlorine dioxide is generated upon interaction with an aqueous medium, such as water. A free halogen source may also be added to the mixture in some cases.

A massive body, e.g., a tablet, for producing a thickened solution of chlorine dioxide when the massive body is added to liquid water is disclosed. The massive body comprises a metal chlorite, an acid source and a thickener (incorporated directly into the massive body or added as a component separate from the massive body) and optionally a source of free halogen. The concentration of free chlorine in the solution will be: (a) less than the concentration of chlorine dioxide in said solution on a weight basis and the ratio of the concentration of chlorine dioxide to the sum of the concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion in said solution is at least 0.25:1 by weight; or (b) equal to or greater than the concentration of chlorine dioxide in said solution on a weight basis and the ratio of the concentration of chlorine dioxide to the sum of the concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion in said solution is at least 0.50:1 by weight.

A massive body, e.g., a tablet, for producing a solution of chlorine dioxide when the massive body is added to liquid water. The massive body comprises a metal chlorite such as sodium chlorite, an acid source such as sodium bisulfate and a source of free halogen such as the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid or a hydrate thereof. The concentration of free halogen in the solution will be:

• • (a) less than the concentration of chlorine dioxide in said solution on a weight basis and the ratio of the concentration of chlorine dioxide to the sum of the concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion in said solution is at least 0.25:1 by weight; or
  • (b) equal to or greater than the concentration of chlorine dioxide in said solution on a weight basis and the ratio of the concentration of chlorine dioxide to the sum of the concentrations of chlorine dioxide and chlorite anion in said solution is at least 0.50:1 by weight.

A composition for the generation of chlorine dioxide including at least one non-iodo interhalide, polyhalide or salt thereof having the formula

Br_mCl_nF_oX_p

wherein m=0–3, n=0–4, o=0–3, p=0–2, X is a cationic moiety and with the provisos that m+n+o cannot be zero; if m+n+p<2, or mixtures thereof, and at least one source of chlorite ions.

A two-part sterilant system comprises: (a) a first part comprising a first reagent in an aqueous medium having a first foam promoter dissolved therein and contained in a first dispenser whereby it may be dispensed as a first foam; and (b) a second part which comprises a second reagent in an aqueous medium having a second foam promoter dissolved therein and contained in a second dispenser whereby it may be dispensed as a second foam; wherein the first reagent and the second reagent will react to provide a sterilising composition when the first foam is mixed with the second foam.

A system for disinfecting and purifying aqueous solutions and water for drinking purposes comprising an outer pouch, a disinfectant generating device, and an inorganic coagulant. The disinfectant generating device is provided with a membrane shell defining at least two compartments which house a first reactant, a second reactant, and an inorganic coagulant. The disinfectant generating device is capable of producing a disinfectant when exposed to water or moisture and the disinfectant exits the compartment through the membrane shell. The inorganic coagulant aid the formation of flocs of the suspended dispersed particles in the aqueous solution.

The present invention is directed to both physical and chemical means for maintaining continuous high levels of chlorine dioxide in aqueous solutions for extended periods, with minimum loss through degradation in the solution and dissipation through the walls of the containing vessel within which the solution is stored. The ClO2 may be maintained even in the absence of very high levels of chlorite, from which supplemental, offsetting levels of ClO2 may be generated. The present invention relates to the discovery that certain types of plastic and glass containers have the ability to maintain relatively constant levels of ClO2 in their contained solutions over extended periods, particularly in aqueous compositions comprising chlorite/ClO2 ratios sufficient for a stabilizing complex of the two, presumably Cl204-, to suppress the ClO2 loss. Of particular value is certain high-density polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) plastic bottling and plastic containers which have been initially exposed to a fluorinating environment. Specifically, in the latter regard, it has been discovered that certain plastic containers which ordinarily are incapable of maintaining aqueous ClO2 levels can be treated with fluorine gas to transform their surfaces so as to effectively suppress ClO2 diffusion therethrough.

The invention relates to a process for production of an alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution and an acidified alkali metal salt solution containing chlorate in an electrochemical cell including an anode compartment provided with an anode and a cathode compartment provided with an oxygen reducing cathode. In the cathode compartment an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is formed, wherein the molar ratio MOH:H2O2 for the net production thereof is maintained from about 0.1:1 to about 2:1. Also a process for simultaneous production of chlorine dioxide is disclosed.

A device for producing chlorine dioxide vapor in a time release manner when exposed to ambient moisture is provided. The device comprises two outer membranes and an inner membrane. The outer and inner membranes are sealed together along the edges of the device. The outer and inner membranes together form a pouch comprising two separate compartments separated by the inner membrane. Each compartment is provided with a dry reactant (e.g. an acid component and a metal chlorite component) for producing chlorine dioxide vapor. The outer membranes are permeable to moisture and chlorine dioxide vapor, and impervious to liquid water and the dry reactants. The acid component in one of the compartments is hydrated by the moisture penetrated through the outer membranes, and the hydrated acid component is absorbed by the inner membrane and transported across the inner membrane to come into contact with the metal chlorite component in the other compartment to produce chlorine dioxide vapor. The chlorine dioxide vapor eventually slowly diffuses out of outer membranes into the surrounding environment.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of chlorine dioxide, said process comprising the steps of continuously: (a) feeding to a reactor an acid, alkali metal chlorate and a reducing agent; (b) reacting the alkali metal chlorate with the acid and the reducing agent to form a product stream comprising chlorine dioxide and alkali metal salt of the acid; (c) bringing the product stream from the reactor to an eductor and mixing it with motive fluid fed to the eductor and thereby forming a diluted product stream; (d) bringing the diluted product stream to a gas-liquid separator where gas is separated from liquid therein; (e) withdrawing a gaseous product stream comprising chlorine dioxide and inert gas from said gas-liquid separator; and, (f) withdrawing a liquid phase from the gas-liquid separator. The invention also relates to a production unit to produce chlorine dioxide.

Some embodiments of the invention provide solid compositions that, when exposed to or otherwise placed in an aqueous solution, will release chlorine dioxide and surfactants, producing a soapy, aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide. These solid compositions comprise an alkali chlorite salt, a solid acid source, and a surfactant. In some other embodiments, the solid compositions produce a non-soapy aqueous solution containing chlorine dioxide. These solid compositions comprise an alkali chlorite salt and a solid acid source.

The present invention provides a porous paper product impregnated with at least one chemical species. The porous paper product can be in the form of sheets, or compressed pellets. The porous paper can be prepared from a variety of sources, including wood pulp, kenaf, flax, or hemp. The chemical species impregnating the paper react and/or diffuse out of the paper to accomplish a variety of desired results. For example, diffusion of a volatile biocidal chemical out of pores in the paper create a no-growth zone on and immediately surrounding the impregnated paper. In this manner the impregnated paper can provide a sterile environment for activities such as food packaging/storage, the treatment of illness/injury, or waste disposal.

Disclosed herein are reusable apparatus for the generation of a gas including a reactant chamber defined at least in part by a gas permeable material and a resealable opening. In certain embodiments the gas permeable material is substantially impervious to the passage of liquid and/or allows for the controlled passage of gas. Also disclosed are methods for using the apparatus, reusable reactant chambers, kits including reactants and reactant refill kits.

A method of producing a stream of aqueous chlorine dioxide sterilizing fluid suitable for use in sterilizing medical and dental equipment or for wound irrigation or skin asepsis is described. Steps are:

• • pumping fluid portions of a first reagent and a second reagent into the proximal end of an elongate reaction chamber (24) to form a reaction mixture, the reagents being selected to react together to form aqueous chlorine dioxide;
  • providing a stream of water around or adjacent to the distal end of the reaction chamber (24); continuing to pump fluid portions of said reagents so as to cause the reagent mixture to travel through the reaction chamber and then into the stream of water to form a stream of aqueous chlorine dioxide sterilizing fluid;
  • wherein the pumping rates and the internal dimensions of the elongate reaction chamber (24) are selected so that the reaction to form chlorine dioxide is substantially complete when the reagent mixture exits the reaction chamber (24); and continuing pumping fluid portions of said reagents until a desired quantity of said sterilizing fluid has been produced;
  • wherein the pumping of each reagent is carried out by means of a diaphragm pump (90, 92) or a piston pump via a pressure-control valve (32, 34) so that each fluid portion is pumped at substantially constant pressure.

A sterilizing apparatus and method provide a sterilizing system having a sterilization chamber and a method for sterilizing an item in the sterilization chamber. The method includes the steps of: loading the item into the sterilization chamber; evacuating gas from the sterilization chamber; preparing sterilant gas by use of plasma; and filling the sterilization chamber with the sterilant gas to a preset pressure. The method further includes the steps of waiting a preset time interval to thereby accomplish an intended sterilization and evacuating the sterilant gas from the sterilization chamber.

The present invention relates to a method of treating water and an aqueous system, situated in a pipe, with chlorine dioxide (ClO₂), the method including generating ClO₂ in a reaction space such that the generated ClO₂ is completely surrounded by a system to be treated, and delivering the ClO₂ generated in the reaction space to the system to be treated which is situated in the pipe, wherein the system surrounding the reaction space is the system to be treated, the reaction space is a component of a mobile device and the mobile device can be introduced into the pipe, in which the system to be treated is situated, and removed again independently of the pressure state of the pipe containing the system to be treated, and the reaction space is situated in the pipe containing the system to be treated.

The creation of chlorine dioxide in a water system can be accomplished by an improved mixture of components that includes a chlorite salt, oxidizing chlorine releasing agent(s) and an acid source and these improved combinations of materials can be pre-measured and delivered into a water system in sealed water soluble containers.

A dry disinfectant composition for the production of aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide of predetermined concentration is formulated of a mixture of lithium hypochlorite, sodium bisulfate and sodium chlorite. Special liquid and dry formulations are also contemplated for convenience of use, for quality assurance and for safety.

A fuel cell system includes a reformer producing hydrogen from fuel, a regulator for regulating the output pressure of the produced hydrogen, a fuel cell utilizing the produced hydrogen, a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure of the hydrogen upstream of the pressure regulator, a temperature sensor for monitoring at least one temperature within the reformer, a pump for introducing the fuel into the reformer, a first controller for controlling the output current of the fuel cell, and a second controller for controlling at least the fuel introduction rate into the reformer. The introduction rate of the fuel is responsive to output hydrogen pressure from the reformer in order to maintain at least one temperature within the reformer above a minimum level, as well as maintaining the pressure of the delivered purified hydrogen above a set pressure. Further, the output current of the fuel cell is reduced responsive to the pressure of the purified hydrogen in order to maintain a minimum hydrogen pressure to the fuel cell.

A human oral care composition, includes safe and effective amounts of the fluoride ion and stabilized chlorine dioxide, that may take the form of a paste, gel, rinse, spray, powder, varnish or similar that reduces demineralization and promotes remineralization of teeth. The method includes the topical application of the composition to the human oral cavity (including but not limited to the teeth, gingiva, and tongue), preferably at least once daily, to enhance the anti-caries effect of fluoride by released chlorine dioxido compromising any biofilm present.

Provided are methods and systems for continuously producing low concentrations of chlorine dioxide from dilute solutions of sodium chlorite. The low concentrations of chlorine dioxide produced allow for reduced exposure risk with direct application of the chlorine dioxide stream. The incorporation of a suitable chlorine dioxide detector permits continuous monitoring and control of chlorine dioxide production ensuring that the process stays within regulatory guidelines. Pretreatment of reaction water is preferred for achieving suitable conversion rates of the low concentrations of chlorite to chlorine dioxide.

Disclosed is a method for preventing osmotic membrane fouling comprising treating reverse osmotic feed water and membranes with chlorine dioxide at an extremely low concentration, e.g., as low as one part per billion in the feed water. The effective range may be in the range of 1-900 parts per billion. Also disclosed is a membrane separation system in which fouling is prevented using ultraviolet, pH acid adjustment or an electrochemical generator to produce the chlorine dioxide.