101results about "Gaseous chemical processes" patented technology

The invention discloses a separated interface photo-thermal catalytic hydrogen production reactor which comprises a liquid storage container, a conveying conduit and a reactor. The liquid storage container is used for accommodating a reaction solution; one end of the conveying conduit is arranged below the liquid level of the reaction solution; the reactor comprises a shell and a porous material arranged in the shell, a thin-layer space is formed by the porous material and the inner wall of the shell, and the thin-layer space is filled with a reaction solution conveyed by the conveying guide pipe to form a thin liquid film; capillary force provided by the porous material is used for sucking the reaction solution in the thin-layer space to the surface of the porous material to carry out photo-thermal catalytic hydrogen production reaction, and the reaction solution in the liquid storage container is supplemented into the thin-layer space through the conveying guide pipe. The reactor separates and decouples a light source and a water source, and is better in space adaptability. The reaction solution is separated from the bulk phase solution, the reaction interface temperature is higher, and the controllability is better. And the photo-thermal catalytic reaction area is not limited by the free liquid surface area of the solution and can be freely expanded.

The heater includes a convection section having columns with tubes received in the tubesheets and tubesheets coupled to the columns. The convection section includes a space between the tubesheets associated with corresponding pairs of columns. A structural frame is coupled to the columns and positioned within the space to slidably receive one or more catalyst support beds for loading or unloading catalyst into the convection section through lateral sides of the heater convection section. The structural frame may include beams, struts, sliding plates, and other frame elements that support the catalyst support beds and allow them to slide relative to the structural frame.

The invention provides a reactor comprising a reaction chamber having a catalytic surface in contact with reactants in said chamber; and a source for passing electrical current through said catalytic surface. The reactor can be used for dehydrohalogentation reactions, such as dehydrochlorination of HCFC-244bb to HFO-1234yf, and for reactions where zero valent metals are employed for catalysis. The invention further provides a process to prepare HFO-1234yf from HCFC-244bb using an electrically heated reaction chamber.

The utility model provides a gas-solid reactor. The gas-solid reactor comprises a shell, the shell comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, gas inlet channels and a gas outlet channel, the gas inlet channels comprise the first gas inlet channel, the feeding port is formed in one end of the shell, the discharging port is formed in the other end of the shell, the first gas inlet channel is formed in the lower portion of the shell, and one end of the first gas inlet channel is connected with the shell; and the gas outlet channel is arranged at the upper part of the shell and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell and the outside. According to the gas-solid reactor, the gas inlet channel and the gas outlet channel are formed in the reactor, a large amount of high-temperature pyrolysis tail gas containing ammonia and hydrogen chloride generated in the melting pyrolyzer is recycled, the pyrolysis tail gas is introduced into the gas-solid reactor to enable the interior of the reactor to be kept at a high temperature, the heating energy consumption of the gas-solid reactor is reduced, and the heating efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis tail gas contains a large amount of ammonia and hydrogen chloride, so that the consumption of hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia gas in the production process is reduced, and the effect of reducing the production cost is achieved.

Palladium-based catalytic systems for the reforming of hydrocarbons are provided, as well as methods for using such catalytic systems. The catalytic systems can be deposited or otherwise coated on surfaces or structures, such as monoliths, to improve activity and / or structural stability. It has been found that for palladium-based catalytic systems, loss of catalytic activity for reforming over time can be reduced or minimized by operating the reactor / reaction cycle such that a portion of the reaction environment containing the palladium-based catalytic system is not exposed to oxidizing conditions at temperatures between 600°C and 900°C. Optionally, the reactor can also be operated / reaction cycle can also be designed such that the peak temperature of the portion of the reaction environment containing the palladium-based catalytic system during the reforming cycle is 1300°C or less.

A system for converting plastics includes a catalyst regenerator, a feeder containing a plastic feedstock, a first conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the catalyst regenerator and in fluid communication with the feeder, and a second conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the first conical spouted bed reactor stage.

An ammonia cracker module for converting ammonia into hydrogen is provided. The ammonia cracker module includes: (i) a heat exchange reactor including: (a) a first reaction zone including: a first working fluid flowpath; a first reactant flowpath; and one or more heat exchange interfaces positioned between the first working fluid flowpath and first reactant flowpath; (b) a second reaction zone including: a second working fluid flowpath; a second reactant flowpath; and one or more heat exchange interfaces positioned between the second working fluid flowpath and second reactant flowpath; (c) a catalyst positioned to contact reactant fluid flowing through the first and second reactant flowpaths to convert ammonia flowing through the first and second reactant flowpaths into hydrogen; and (ii) a heating system including: a first heat source, configured to heat working fluid to create a first heated working fluid to enter the first working fluid flowpath; and a second heat source, configured to receive a first thermally depleted working fluid from the first working fluid flowpath and output a second heated working fluid to the second working fluid flowpath when the cracker module is in use. A method of producing hydrogen using an ammonia cracker is also provided.

The apparatus for producing lithium sulfide according to the present invention comprises a plurality of reaction chambers having a reaction space for generating lithium sulfide by reacting a lithium raw material with hydrogen sulfide and arranged so as to move the supplied lithium raw material in one direction, the lithium raw material being sequentially supplied to the plurality of reaction chambers in one direction, hydrogen sulfide is sequentially supplied to the plurality of reaction chambers from any one of the plurality of reaction chambers other than the reaction chamber to which the lithium raw material is supplied in a direction opposite to the one direction.

The invention relates to a process for the acylation of a solid material, known as the hydroxylated material, bearing hydroxyl groups (—OH), known as reaction-generating hydroxyls, which are accessible and capable of reacting with at least one fatty acid chloride in gaseous form, said hydroxylated material being scrolled through a chamber, known as the acylation chamber, delimiting an internal space under a gaseous atmosphere. The invention also relates to an acylation device for performing said process.

Reactor configurations may include one or more staged inlets and / or one or more staged outlets for gaseous and solid feedstocks. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a reactor design for gas-solid reaction with one or more additional outlet for gas and / or solid phase is provided. In yet another embodiment, the design for a gas-solid reactor with one side inlet and two outlets for gas phase is described. In one embodiment, a reactor design with pairs of inlet and outlet for both gas and solid phase is provided. In another embodiment, a reactor design with one or more side inlets but only one outlet for gas phase is provided. In yet another embodiment, a reactor design with two inlets at the top / bottom of reactor and two side outlets for gaseous phase is described. In yet another embodiment, a reactor design with one or more side inlets and outlets for both gas and solid phases is provided.

A process for treating a material, such as by a calcination or reduction process, is disclosed that includes reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction chamber to produce heat and steam, venting the steam from the reaction chamber, using the heat to treat the material to produce a treated material, and returning at least a portion of the steam vented from the reaction chamber to the process. An apparatus is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a reactor system for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas, comprising: - a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing said endothermic reaction of a feed gas, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; - a pressure shell housing said structured catalyst; - heat insulation layer between said structured catalyst and said pressure shell; - at least two conductors electrically connected to said electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell, wherein said electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of said structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 200°C by passing an electrical current through said electrically conductive material. The invention also relates to a process for performing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas.

A high-efficiency ammonia reforming hydrogen production system utilizing waste heat from exhaust gas in the technical field of ammonia hydrogen production includes a hydrogen engine, an exhaust gas heating device, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device, a gas separation device, an exhaust gas treatment device, and an ammonia storage and supply device. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device includes a shell cover, an ammonia feed port, a heat medium inlet and outlet, a cylinder, a decomposition gas outlet pipe, a tube sheet, a reaction microtube, a catalyst, a decomposition gas return pipe, a guide plate, and a heat medium cavity shell. The exhaust gas from the hydrogen engine is heated to a relatively high temperature by a heating device and enters the ammonia decomposition device to provide energy for the decomposition reaction; ammonia is cracked into nitrogen and hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition device; the mixed gas is separated into hydrogen, nitrogen, and unreacted ammonia by a separation device, wherein hydrogen enters the hydrogen engine for combustion and ammonia returns to the ammonia storage and supply device; nitrogen and the exhaust gas after heat exchange enter the exhaust gas treatment device together. The present invention fully utilizes the waste heat from the engine exhaust gas and has the advantages of high energy utilization and simple implementation.

Insertion device for a section of padding The present invention relates to an insertion device (5) for at least one section of padding (2) within a cylindrical ferrule (3), characterized in that a deployment module (8) comprises a main upright (9), centered around a main axis (11) of the insertion device, and a plurality of peripheral uprights (10) arranged circumferentially and regularly around the main axis (11), each of the peripheral uprights (10) comprising a hooking means (6) configured to grip a section of padding (2), the deployment module (8) comprising a plurality of branches (12) arranged in pairs of branches (13) connecting the main upright (9) to one of the peripheral uprights (10), the deployment module (8) being able to modify the dimension of the insertion device (5) by modifying a radial distance between the main upright (9) and each of the peripheral uprights (10).Figure from the summary: FIG. 1.

A structured catalyst for catalyzing the endothermic reaction of a feed gas to convert it into a product gas is provided.

The invention discloses a catalytic jet stirring reactor suitable for gas-solid two-phase catalytic reaction, which comprises a reactor shell, a gas inlet pipe, a cross-shaped nozzle, a catalyst positioning platform, a clamping sealing rubber ring, a sampling pipe and a sampling probe, the gas inlet pipe is connected to the top end of the reactor shell and partially extends into the reactor shell; the cross-shaped nozzle is connected to the bottom end of the air inlet pipe, the catalyst positioning platform extends into the reactor shell from bottom to top, the catalyst positioning platform and the reactor shell are in sealed connection through a clamping sealing rubber ring, a sampling pipe at the central position of the catalyst positioning platform is communicated with the top of the reactor shell, and the bottom end of the sampling pipe is closed; and the sampling probe hermetically penetrates into the sampling tube of the catalyst positioning platform from the bottom end of the sampling tube. The device is of a detachable structure, and research on the surface and interface reaction mechanism in the gas-solid two-phase catalytic reaction process in an approximate zero-dimensional environment is achieved.

The present disclosure provides a gas injection system that may include a housing configured to contain a plurality of precursor storage tanks, the plurality of precursor storage tanks including one or more precursor materials; and a nozzle extending from the housing, the nozzle having a tip configured for insertion into a sample chamber of a material processing apparatus. A precursor tank is fluidly connected with the nozzle to selectively deliver one or more precursor gases into the sample chamber.

A catalyst support system (1) for an ammonia oxidation burner (2), comprising a catalytic gauze for oxidation of ammonia; a basket (14) connected to a supporting ring (10) for containing an inert and / or a catalyst for removing N2O from a gaseous effluent of said catalytic gauze (9); said basket (14) has a modular structure including a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a gas-permeable surface (16) and a supporting frame (15), wherein each module is connected to adjacent modules by connections adapted to allow a limited displacement between modules, wherein only outer modules forming the periphery of the basket are connected to said supporting ring (10).

The current invention relates to a method for producing CO from CO2, comprising the steps of: providing process gas comprising CO2, and optionally CO, to a plasma jet generator; igniting a plasma in the process gas by the plasma jet generator, thereby obtaining a plasma jet comprising CO and O species; introducing the plasma jet into a carbon reaction chamber; extracting product gas from the reaction chamber, said product gas comprising said CO and CO2 and recycling at least part of the product gas and providing said product gas comprising CO and CO2 to a plasma jet generator. The invention also relates to a system for converting CO2 to CO, comprising: a carbon reaction chamber and a plasma jet generator, wherein said gas outlet of the reaction chamber is in fluid communication with the process gas inlet of a plasma jet generator.

A radiation shield and an assembly and a reactor including the radiation shield are disclosed. The radiation shield can be used to control heat flux from a susceptor heater assembly and thereby enable better control of temperatures across a surface of a substrate placed on a surface of the susceptor heater assembly.

A transport device (10) for storing and transporting material (12) during a treatment process, in particular for producing battery material, in which the material (12) is treated with a process gas (14), is specified, comprising a plurality of process containers (16) for the material (12). The support device (10) comprises a support structure (18) for the process containers (16), which defines a receiving space (30.1) for process containers (16), in which a plurality of process containers (16) filled with material (12) can be detachably stored. The support structure (18) defines the upward direction as the positive z-direction, the forward direction as the positive y-direction, and the rightward direction as the positive x-direction of a reference coordinate system that is anchored to the support structure (18) in a rotationally fixed manner. The receiving chamber (30.1) is open to the environment on an inflow side (38.1) and also defines an outflow side (40.1).The support structure (18) comprises a channel arrangement (32) with a flow channel (34) that is fluidly connected to the outflow side (40.1) of the receiving space (30.1) and leads to a flow outlet (36). Furthermore, a treatment device and a method for treating material (12) with a process gas (14) are specified, in which the material (12) is conveyed through a process space (78) in such a transport device (10). Furthermore, the use of Gastronorm containers (20) as receiving containers (16) for material (12) during treatment with a process gas (14) is specified.

One or more reactants are flowed into thermal contact with a heating element in a reactor for a first time period. During a first part of a heating cycle, the one or more reactants are provided with a first temperature by heating with the heating element, such that one or more thermochemical reactions is initiated. The one or more thermochemical reactions includes pyrolysis, thermolysis, synthesis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, or any combination thereof. The first heating element operates by Joule heating and has a porous construction that allows gas to flow therethrough. During a second part of the heating cycle, the one or more reactants are provided with a second temperature less than the first temperature, for example, by de-energizing the heating element. A duration of the first time period is equal to or greater than a duration of the heating cycle, which is less than five seconds.

Manufacturing apparatus, systems and method of making silicon (Si) nanowires on carbon based powders, such as graphite, that may be used as anodes in lithium ion batteries are provided. In some embodiments, an inventive tumbler reactor and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system and method for growing silicon nanowires on carbon based powders in scaled up quantities to provide production scale anodes for the battery industry are described.

A reactor for coating particles includes one or more motors, a rotary vacuum chamber configured to hold particles to be coated, wherein the rotary vacuum chamber is coupled to the motors, a controller configured to cause the motors to rotate the rotary vacuum chamber about an axial axis of the rotary vacuum chamber such that the particles undergo tumbling agitation, a vacuum port to exhaust gas from the rotary vacuum chamber, a paddle assembly including a rotatable drive shaft extending through the rotary vacuum chamber and coupled to the motors and at least one paddle extending radially from the drive shaft, such that rotation of the drive shaft by the motors orbits the paddle about the drive shaft in a second direction, and a chemical delivery system including a gas outlet on the paddle configured inject process gas into the particles.

The embodiment of the present application provides an ammonia cracking hydrogen production device. The ammonia cracking hydrogen production device comprises a flow channel assembly, the flow channel assembly comprises a flow channel plate and a catalyst sheet, the flow channel plate is provided with a plate inlet, a plate outlet and at least two catalytic flow channels, the at least two catalytic flow channels are connected in parallel between the plate inlet and the plate outlet, and the catalyst sheet is arranged on the flow channel plate and arranged side by side with the at least two catalytic flow channels. The ammonia cracking hydrogen production device provided by the embodiment of the present application simultaneously cracks ammonia through the at least two catalytic flow channels, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is high. Meanwhile, the structure of the catalyst sheet and the flow channel plate is simple, and the catalyst sheet is convenient to install and replace, so that the ammonia cracking hydrogen production device provided by the embodiment of the present application is simple in structure and low in manufacturing cost.

A system for converting plastic includes a catalyst regenerator, a feeder containing plastic feedstock, a first conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the catalyst regenerator and in fluid communication with the feeder, and a second conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the first conical spouted bed reactor stage.

A method for forming films on particles of powder includes diffusing the powder by leading the powder into a jet nozzle and ejecting a jet flow of the powder; leading the diffused particles of powder, a raw material gas, and a reaction gas activated by atmospheric pressure plasma, into a reaction container, and forming a swirl flow in the container; and forming the films on the diffused particles of powder by reaction of a raw material gas and an activated reaction gas in the container. An apparatus is also disclosed having a reaction container with a peripheral wall having a round section in plan view and a jet nozzle for a powder source, raw material gas, and atmospheric pressure plasma sources are coupled to and enter the container at an angle with a radius thereof thereby forming a swirl flow to form a film on the powder.

A standalone precursor is for synthesizing nanomaterials such as boron nitride nanotubes. The standalone precursor includes a pillar. Pores and through-holes are defined in the pillar. Each of the through-holes extends continuously from a first opening on an outer surface of the standalone precursor to a second opening on the outer surface of the standalone precursor. The first opening is diametrically opposite to the second opening across the standalone precursor.