151results about "Gaseous chemical processes" patented technology

The invention discloses a separated interface photo-thermal catalytic hydrogen production reactor which comprises a liquid storage container, a conveying conduit and a reactor. The liquid storage container is used for accommodating a reaction solution; one end of the conveying conduit is arranged below the liquid level of the reaction solution; the reactor comprises a shell and a porous material arranged in the shell, a thin-layer space is formed by the porous material and the inner wall of the shell, and the thin-layer space is filled with a reaction solution conveyed by the conveying guide pipe to form a thin liquid film; capillary force provided by the porous material is used for sucking the reaction solution in the thin-layer space to the surface of the porous material to carry out photo-thermal catalytic hydrogen production reaction, and the reaction solution in the liquid storage container is supplemented into the thin-layer space through the conveying guide pipe. The reactor separates and decouples a light source and a water source, and is better in space adaptability. The reaction solution is separated from the bulk phase solution, the reaction interface temperature is higher, and the controllability is better. And the photo-thermal catalytic reaction area is not limited by the free liquid surface area of the solution and can be freely expanded.

The invention relates to a process for the acylation of a solid material, known as the hydroxylated material, bearing hydroxyl groups (—OH), known as reaction-generating hydroxyls, which are accessible and capable of reacting with at least one fatty acid chloride in gaseous form, said hydroxylated material being scrolled through a chamber, known as the acylation chamber, delimiting an internal space under a gaseous atmosphere. The invention also relates to an acylation device for performing said process.

The present invention relates, in general, to a system and method for focusing gas distribution through at least one three-dimensionally (3D) printed lattice heating elements within an electric catalyst unit to promote ammonia dissociation. The present invention allows gaseous ammonia to be continuously heated under turbulence as it flows through non-linear paths within a 3D printed lattice heating element. The lattice structure of the heating element provides a balance between surface area and heat dissipation, allowing the heating elements to reach a suitable temperature to perform ammonia dissociation, but which are not oversaturated with heat which could result in failure or melting of the heating element.

The heater includes a convection section having columns with tubes received in the tubesheets and tubesheets coupled to the columns. The convection section includes a space between the tubesheets associated with corresponding pairs of columns. A structural frame is coupled to the columns and positioned within the space to slidably receive one or more catalyst support beds for loading or unloading catalyst into the convection section through lateral sides of the heater convection section. The structural frame may include beams, struts, sliding plates, and other frame elements that support the catalyst support beds and allow them to slide relative to the structural frame.

A process for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas in a reactor system including a pressure shell housing a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing the endothermic reaction of a feed gas, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, the ceramic coating supporting a catalytically active material.

The invention provides a reactor comprising a reaction chamber having a catalytic surface in contact with reactants in said chamber; and a source for passing electrical current through said catalytic surface. The reactor can be used for dehydrohalogentation reactions, such as dehydrochlorination of HCFC-244bb to HFO-1234yf, and for reactions where zero valent metals are employed for catalysis. The invention further provides a process to prepare HFO-1234yf from HCFC-244bb using an electrically heated reaction chamber.

The utility model provides a gas-solid reactor. The gas-solid reactor comprises a shell, the shell comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, gas inlet channels and a gas outlet channel, the gas inlet channels comprise the first gas inlet channel, the feeding port is formed in one end of the shell, the discharging port is formed in the other end of the shell, the first gas inlet channel is formed in the lower portion of the shell, and one end of the first gas inlet channel is connected with the shell; and the gas outlet channel is arranged at the upper part of the shell and is communicated with the inner cavity of the shell and the outside. According to the gas-solid reactor, the gas inlet channel and the gas outlet channel are formed in the reactor, a large amount of high-temperature pyrolysis tail gas containing ammonia and hydrogen chloride generated in the melting pyrolyzer is recycled, the pyrolysis tail gas is introduced into the gas-solid reactor to enable the interior of the reactor to be kept at a high temperature, the heating energy consumption of the gas-solid reactor is reduced, and the heating efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis tail gas contains a large amount of ammonia and hydrogen chloride, so that the consumption of hydrogen chloride gas and ammonia gas in the production process is reduced, and the effect of reducing the production cost is achieved.

Palladium-based catalytic systems for the reforming of hydrocarbons are provided, as well as methods for using such catalytic systems. The catalytic systems can be deposited or otherwise coated on surfaces or structures, such as monoliths, to improve activity and / or structural stability. It has been found that for palladium-based catalytic systems, loss of catalytic activity for reforming over time can be reduced or minimized by operating the reactor / reaction cycle such that a portion of the reaction environment containing the palladium-based catalytic system is not exposed to oxidizing conditions at temperatures between 600°C and 900°C. Optionally, the reactor can also be operated / reaction cycle can also be designed such that the peak temperature of the portion of the reaction environment containing the palladium-based catalytic system during the reforming cycle is 1300°C or less.

A system for converting plastics includes a catalyst regenerator, a feeder containing a plastic feedstock, a first conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the catalyst regenerator and in fluid communication with the feeder, and a second conical spouted bed reactor stage in fluid communication with the first conical spouted bed reactor stage.

An ammonia cracker module for converting ammonia into hydrogen is provided. The ammonia cracker module includes: (i) a heat exchange reactor including: (a) a first reaction zone including: a first working fluid flowpath; a first reactant flowpath; and one or more heat exchange interfaces positioned between the first working fluid flowpath and first reactant flowpath; (b) a second reaction zone including: a second working fluid flowpath; a second reactant flowpath; and one or more heat exchange interfaces positioned between the second working fluid flowpath and second reactant flowpath; (c) a catalyst positioned to contact reactant fluid flowing through the first and second reactant flowpaths to convert ammonia flowing through the first and second reactant flowpaths into hydrogen; and (ii) a heating system including: a first heat source, configured to heat working fluid to create a first heated working fluid to enter the first working fluid flowpath; and a second heat source, configured to receive a first thermally depleted working fluid from the first working fluid flowpath and output a second heated working fluid to the second working fluid flowpath when the cracker module is in use. A method of producing hydrogen using an ammonia cracker is also provided.

An organic polymer can be converted to one or more lower molecular weight products by subjecting to one or more heating cycles in a porous reactor. The reactant can be provided to an inlet end of the reactor, and the products can be provided from an outlet end of the reactor. A first reactor portion at the inlet end of the reactor can have a pore size or porosity greater than that of a second reactor portion at an outlet end of the reactor. In some embodiments, the different pore sizes or porosities of the reactor portions can modulate mass transport and / or heat transfer behavior of intermediates to select for particular products at the outlet end with high yield.

The apparatus for producing lithium sulfide according to the present invention comprises a plurality of reaction chambers having a reaction space for generating lithium sulfide by reacting a lithium raw material with hydrogen sulfide and arranged so as to move the supplied lithium raw material in one direction, the lithium raw material being sequentially supplied to the plurality of reaction chambers in one direction, hydrogen sulfide is sequentially supplied to the plurality of reaction chambers from any one of the plurality of reaction chambers other than the reaction chamber to which the lithium raw material is supplied in a direction opposite to the one direction.

The invention relates to a process for the acylation of a solid material, known as the hydroxylated material, bearing hydroxyl groups (—OH), known as reaction-generating hydroxyls, which are accessible and capable of reacting with at least one fatty acid chloride in gaseous form, said hydroxylated material being scrolled through a chamber, known as the acylation chamber, delimiting an internal space under a gaseous atmosphere. The invention also relates to an acylation device for performing said process.

The catalyst support system (1) for the ammonia oxidation burner (2) comprises a catalytic gauze for the oxidation of ammonia and a basket (14) connected to a support ring (10) for holding an inert substance and / or a catalyst for removing N2O from the gaseous effluent of this catalytic gauze (9), this basket (14) having a modular structure comprising a plurality of modules, each module comprising a gas-permeable surface (16) and a support frame (15), each module being connected to an adjacent module by a connection configured to allow limited displacement between the modules, and only the outer modules forming the periphery of the basket being connected to the support ring (10).

A method for producing a filtering material comprising a cellulosic material and a positively charged polyelectrolyte comprising polyvinylamine (PVAm), wherein said method comprises at least the steps of: —providing a stock comprising said cellulosic material comprising cellulose fibers; —adding said polyvinylamine to said stock such that a concentration of PVAm in the stock is in an interval of 0.5-2.0 wt-% of a dry weight of cellulose fibers in polyelectrolyte to said stock, and —allowing said cellulosic material to adsorb said polyvinylamine.

Reactor configurations may include one or more staged inlets and / or one or more staged outlets for gaseous and solid feedstocks. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a reactor design for gas-solid reaction with one or more additional outlet for gas and / or solid phase is provided. In yet another embodiment, the design for a gas-solid reactor with one side inlet and two outlets for gas phase is described. In one embodiment, a reactor design with pairs of inlet and outlet for both gas and solid phase is provided. In another embodiment, a reactor design with one or more side inlets but only one outlet for gas phase is provided. In yet another embodiment, a reactor design with two inlets at the top / bottom of reactor and two side outlets for gaseous phase is described. In yet another embodiment, a reactor design with one or more side inlets and outlets for both gas and solid phases is provided.

Disclosed is a method for wet chemical functionalization of single crystal diamond surfaces that involves gentle reaction conditions. This method enables a wide range of functional groups and molecules to be tethered to the diamond surface. The method is compatible with the formation of stable nitrogen vacancy centers with long spin coherence times within nanometers of the diamond surface.

A process for treating a material, such as by a calcination or reduction process, is disclosed that includes reacting hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction chamber to produce heat and steam, venting the steam from the reaction chamber, using the heat to treat the material to produce a treated material, and returning at least a portion of the steam vented from the reaction chamber to the process. An apparatus is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a reactor system for carrying out an endothermic reaction of a feed gas, comprising: - a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing said endothermic reaction of a feed gas, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; - a pressure shell housing said structured catalyst; - heat insulation layer between said structured catalyst and said pressure shell; - at least two conductors electrically connected to said electrically conductive material and to an electrical power supply placed outside said pressure shell, wherein said electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of said structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 200°C by passing an electrical current through said electrically conductive material. The invention also relates to a process for performing an endothermic reaction of a feed gas.

A high-efficiency ammonia reforming hydrogen production system utilizing waste heat from exhaust gas in the technical field of ammonia hydrogen production includes a hydrogen engine, an exhaust gas heating device, an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device, a gas separation device, an exhaust gas treatment device, and an ammonia storage and supply device. The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production device includes a shell cover, an ammonia feed port, a heat medium inlet and outlet, a cylinder, a decomposition gas outlet pipe, a tube sheet, a reaction microtube, a catalyst, a decomposition gas return pipe, a guide plate, and a heat medium cavity shell. The exhaust gas from the hydrogen engine is heated to a relatively high temperature by a heating device and enters the ammonia decomposition device to provide energy for the decomposition reaction; ammonia is cracked into nitrogen and hydrogen in the ammonia decomposition device; the mixed gas is separated into hydrogen, nitrogen, and unreacted ammonia by a separation device, wherein hydrogen enters the hydrogen engine for combustion and ammonia returns to the ammonia storage and supply device; nitrogen and the exhaust gas after heat exchange enter the exhaust gas treatment device together. The present invention fully utilizes the waste heat from the engine exhaust gas and has the advantages of high energy utilization and simple implementation.

Insertion device for a section of padding The present invention relates to an insertion device (5) for at least one section of padding (2) within a cylindrical ferrule (3), characterized in that a deployment module (8) comprises a main upright (9), centered around a main axis (11) of the insertion device, and a plurality of peripheral uprights (10) arranged circumferentially and regularly around the main axis (11), each of the peripheral uprights (10) comprising a hooking means (6) configured to grip a section of padding (2), the deployment module (8) comprising a plurality of branches (12) arranged in pairs of branches (13) connecting the main upright (9) to one of the peripheral uprights (10), the deployment module (8) being able to modify the dimension of the insertion device (5) by modifying a radial distance between the main upright (9) and each of the peripheral uprights (10).Figure from the summary: FIG. 1.

The present disclosure provides a gas injection system that can include a housing configured to hold a plurality of precursor cartridges comprising one or more precursor materials, and a nozzle extending from the housing, the nozzle having a tip configured for insertion into a sample chamber of a material processing apparatus. The precursor cartridges are fluidly connected to the nozzle to selectively deliver one or more precursor gasses to the sample chamber.

A catalyst support system (1) for an ammonia oxidation burner (2), comprising a catalytic gauze for oxidation of ammonia; a basket (14) connected to a supporting ring (10) for containing an inert and / or a catalyst for removing N2O from a gaseous effluent of said catalytic gauze (9); said basket (14) has a modular structure including a plurality of modules, wherein each module includes a gas-permeable surface (16) and a supporting frame (15), wherein each module is connected to adjacent modules by connections adapted to allow a limited displacement between modules, wherein only outer modules forming the periphery of the basket are connected to said supporting ring (10).

A structured catalyst for catalyzing the endothermic reaction of a feed gas to convert it into a product gas is provided.

The invention discloses a catalytic jet stirring reactor suitable for gas-solid two-phase catalytic reaction, which comprises a reactor shell, a gas inlet pipe, a cross-shaped nozzle, a catalyst positioning platform, a clamping sealing rubber ring, a sampling pipe and a sampling probe, the gas inlet pipe is connected to the top end of the reactor shell and partially extends into the reactor shell; the cross-shaped nozzle is connected to the bottom end of the air inlet pipe, the catalyst positioning platform extends into the reactor shell from bottom to top, the catalyst positioning platform and the reactor shell are in sealed connection through a clamping sealing rubber ring, a sampling pipe at the central position of the catalyst positioning platform is communicated with the top of the reactor shell, and the bottom end of the sampling pipe is closed; and the sampling probe hermetically penetrates into the sampling tube of the catalyst positioning platform from the bottom end of the sampling tube. The device is of a detachable structure, and research on the surface and interface reaction mechanism in the gas-solid two-phase catalytic reaction process in an approximate zero-dimensional environment is achieved.

The present disclosure provides a gas injection system that may include a housing configured to contain a plurality of precursor storage tanks, the plurality of precursor storage tanks including one or more precursor materials; and a nozzle extending from the housing, the nozzle having a tip configured for insertion into a sample chamber of a material processing apparatus. A precursor tank is fluidly connected with the nozzle to selectively deliver one or more precursor gases into the sample chamber.

A new plasma catalyst in the form of a ceramic-matrix nanocomposite is disclosed for application to the plasma-assisted combustion. The new functionality of the nanoceramic plasma catalyst is driven by the synergistic effect of plasma and solids. The plasma catalyst is based on combinations of valve metal oxides, polar transition-metal oxides, rare-earth oxides and phosphides, alkali metal oxides, silicon oxides and nitrides, etc. are disclosed. The advantage of combining a heterogeneous catalytic and plasma catalytic effect allows utility for large area applications and is scalable for large-scale industries.

The present technique presents a structured packing module 100 for a gas phase reactor 2, the structured packing module 100 comprising a structured packing 1 having a central axis 5x extending along a longitudinal direction, and may further comprise an inner tube 5 extending coaxially with the structured packing and along the longitudinal direction. The structured packing 1 includes a plurality of corrugated sheets 10, 20, 30, each arranged circumferentially around the central axis 5x and having a first end 101 and a second end 102 spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction. Each corrugated sheet 10, 20, 30 includes corrugations 9 extending between the first end 101 and the second end 102 and disposed at an acute angle A greater than or equal to 5 degree and less than or equal to 30 degree with respect to a line 5y parallel to the central axis 5x. The corrugated sheets 10, 20, 30 are arranged to radially overlap with each other such that the corrugations 9 of adjacently disposed corrugated sheets 10, 20, 30 are arranged in a crisscross relationship. The structured packing module 100 includes a gas flow path 40 comprising at least one inter-sheet gas flow path 42 defined between the adjacently disposed corrugated sheets 10, 20, 30.