744 results about "Reaction mechanism" patented technology

A method for fabricating a silicon oxide and silicon glass layers at low temperature using soft power-optimized Plasma-Activated CVD with a TEOS-ozone-oxygen reaction gas mixture (TEOS O3 / O2 PACVD) is described. It combines advantages of both low temperature Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and TEOS-ozone Sub-Atmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposition (SACVD) and yields a coating of silicon oxide with stable and high deposition rate, no surface sensitivity, good film properties, conformal step coverage and good gap-fill. Key features of the invention's O3 / O2 PACVD process are: a plasma is maintain throughout the entire deposition step in a parallel plate type reactor chamber, the precise RF plasma density, ozone concentration in oxygen and the deposition temperature. These features provide the reaction conditions for the proper O3 / O2 reaction mechanism that deposits a conformal silicon oxide layer. The process has significant implication for semiconductor device manufacturing involving the deposition of a dielectric over a conducting non-planar surface.

The invention disclosed a catalyst to lower the freezing point of the diesel oil. The catalyst includes carrier that contains reshaped molecular sieve and hydrogenated metal. The molecular sieve is reshaped by VIB group metal, the content of which in the molecular sieve is 1wt%-40wt% (by oxidation state). The content of the molecular sieve and the metal are 10wt%-90wt% (by oxidation state) and 0.1wt%-40wt% (by oxidation state) respectively. The reshaping agent can modify the acid substance and the bore size on the surface of the molecular sieve so as to match the catalyst's isomerizing function and structure-selective splitting function well; it can make the splitting reaction proceeds according to the lock-and-key mechnanism and ensure the reaction proceeds properly without over splitting; it can improve the quality of the diesel oil and increase its yield. The invention can be used in the deparaffinage of the material that contains wax, especially in the process to lower the freezing point of the diesel oil distillate. It can not only lower the freezing point, but also increase the diesel oil yield substantially.

The method according to the invention allows the formation of oil and the retention phenomenon in the mother rock to be modelled. Organic matter characterization experiments are used to establish the molecular model (MM) of the initial sample (E). The thermal cracking reaction of this molecular model is reproduced by dynamic molecular simulation computations with a reactive force field (RMD) and validated by comparison with experimental data. The reaction mechanism obtained (SR) allows to carry out a kinetic study (C) by variation of the temperature parameter. The phase equilibria (PES) of the reaction medium are determined at any time from dynamic simulation. The successive phase equilibrium assessments at various progress stages of the cracking reaction allow following the physicochemical evolution (PC) of the thermal maturation of the organic sample studied. The free hydrocarbons (liquid and gaseous) that are not retained in the solid residue can be quantified throughout numerical modelling of the sample maturation; representing, in the sedimentary basins, the hydrocarbons that are not retained in the organic matrix of the mother rock (Q). This quantity can be used as an indicator or an input value for the retention threshold in basin models.

Methods for treating cancer using compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases. Methods for using compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases to provide insights into the reaction mechanisms of human DNA ligases, for example to identify the human DNA ligase involved in different DNA repair pathways. Screening methods for compounds that inhibit human DNA ligases.

The invention provides a gas / liquid tandem mass spectrum system with a multimode ionization ion source. The gas / liquid tandem mass spectrum system is characterized by being formed by connecting a multimode ionization ion source, a gas chromatography, a Liquid Chromatography, a mass analyzer with purification and enrichment functions, and a flight time mass spectrometry in series. According to the invention, the applicability of a single-ion-source mass spectrometry specific to analysis of polymorphic samples is broadened, meanwhile, the high resolution performance of fragment ions on mass selection and analysis is enhanced, and the researches on an ionic reaction mechanism are realized.

PCT No. PCT / CA97 / 00412 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 17, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 17, 1998 PCT Filed Jun. 12, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 47665 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 18, 1997The hydrosilylation of terminal double bonds in polypropylene (PP) or other polymers is effected in the melt phase. The double bonds were created by peroxide initiated degradation of PP in an extruder or a batch mixer. A hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane is employed as a model substance to investigate the feasibility of hydrosilylating the terminal double bonds of the degraded polypropylene. The reaction may be carried out in three different reactors, namely a hot press, a batch mixer and a screw extruder. Two different reaction mechanisms may be used to effect the hydrosilylation reaction, namely a radical chain addition mechanism and a platinum catalysed mechanism with a colloid forming catalyst, platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (Karstedt's catalyst). Catalytic amounts of a peroxide initiator are able to initiate the addition of silanes to the double bonds of the degraded polypropylene. Both reactions, namely degradation and hydrosilylation, may be performed simultanously. A platinum colloid formed in the initial stage of the platinum catalysed hydrosilylation may be stabilized by adding t-butylhydroperoxide as cocatalyst, which results in the hydrosilylation at high yields.

An energy device having high input-output performance, in particular being excellent in low temperature performance. An energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by both a faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers inside said active material and a non-faradaic reaction mechanism wherein mainly ions are physically absorbed and desorbed on the surface of an active material and resultantly electric charge is accumulated and discharged. Further, output performance at a low temperature is improved by providing an energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by at least two kinds of reaction mechanisms that show low and high reaction rates respectively in faradaic reaction wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers to said active material through an electrode interface. Furthermore, an energy device characterized by storing and discharging electric energy by at least two kinds of reaction mechanisms that show low and high reaction rates respectively in faradaic reaction wherein mainly the oxidation state of an active material changes and electric charge transfers to said active material through an electrode interface.

Embodiments relate to a relatively rapid transesterification process including transesterifying condensation polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or other polyesters used in commerce, with a modifying monomer mix containing other monomers to manufacture new polymers containing the pre-condensed moieties. The process preferably only involves transesterification as a reaction mechanism. The process preferably produces a rapid buildup of molecular weight and / or polymer uniformity by the high temperature transesterification of the condensation polymer with the modifying monomer mixture. The process can be performed in any suitable vessel including an extrusion line, and it has the advantage of greatly reduced cycle times over currently used condensation polymer utilization processes such as the recycling of PET into other materials.

The invention provides a method for preparing porous boron-carbon-nitrogen nanosheets through freeze drying. The method includes the following steps that 1, a boron source, a carbon source and a nitrogen source are mixed in proportion, a raw material mixture is formed, water is added to dissolve the raw material mixture, and a raw material mixture solution is formed; 2, the raw material mixture solution is condensed and cured and then subjected to freeze drying; 3, powder obtained after freeze drying reacts for 0.5-12 h at the temperature of 800-1,200 DEG C in the atmosphere protection or vacuum environment; 4, the powder is ball-milled in a ball mill for 2-8 h; 5, after the ball-milled product is cooled to room temperature, the product is cleaned and dried, and the porous boron-carbon-nitrogen nanosheets are obtained. The method is simple in operation procedure, the yield can be increased, and the cost can be reduced. Various parameters in the reaction process are easy to monitor and control, the reaction mechanism can be easily studied, most critical influence factors are found out, and process conditions are stabilized as soon as possible; environmental protection is low, and environmental protection is promoted.

The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling and reutilization of waste polyurethane foam products, and in particular relates to a method for degrading waste polyurethane foam to recyclepolyether polyol. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing and compounding low molecular alcohol and degradation auxiliary agents to form an alcoholysis solution; adding the waste polyurethane foam into the alcoholysis solution and carrying out degradation reaction; carrying out vacuum degassing treatment on degraded crude polyether to obtain recyclable crude polyether polyol. According to the method provided by the invention, the low molecular alcohol is used as an alcoholysis agent and various degradation auxiliary agents are added, so that the recycling ofthe waste polyurethane foam with different physical and mechanical properties is realized under a relatively moderate condition through reaction mechanisms of chemical alcoholysis and alkaline hydrolysis, and recycled polyether polyols with various viscosity and different hydroxyl values are obtained; the method has the advantages of low cost, simple technology, high recycling efficiency, greenness and environment protection and the like; different polyurethane foam recycling requirements are met, and the method can be stably applied to subsequent polyurethane foaming.

The invention relates to the nano-powder preparation field, in particular to a method for preparing nearly spherical nanometer oxide powder having good monodispersity and uniform particle size distribution with ultrasonic atomization. The method is characterized in that: the synthesis of water polyurethane is divided into three stages; a first stage is stepwise polymerization, i.e. polyurethane prepolymer is formed from oligomer polylol, hydrophilic monomers, modified monomers and isocyanate through stepwise polymerization; a second stage is the dispersion of the prepolymer in water after neutralization and salt formation; a third stage is the formation of water polyurethane emulsion after hydrophilic chain extender is added. The invention adopts a route of polymerizing modified monomers and polyurethane monomers jointly with different reaction mechanisms to ensure that modified monomers and polyurethane monomers are interpenetrated or grafted, thus obtained products have multiple material characteristics, i.e. the characteristics of acrylic acid, epoxy, hydroxyl silane and other materials are led into the products at the same time when the advantages of polyurethane material are maintained, so as to ensure that target products have stronger adaptability and better performance.

The invention provides a vehicle-mounted system for automatic safety processing of children left in the car, and is used for solving the problems that existing detection has low recognition rate for the trapped children. The vehicle-mounted system comprises a sensor array and vehicle-mounted OBD equipment. The sensor array includes an infrared sensor, an oxygen content detector, a children crying detector and a temperature sensor. The infrared sensor has the highest priority of monitoring. The oxygen content detector, the children crying detector and the temperature sensor have the same level of priority of monitoring, and the oxygen content detector, the children crying detector and the temperature sensor are synchronously started only when the infrared sensor monitors that someone is in the car. The OBD equipment is used for triggering an emergency safety reaction mechanism. The effects are that different detection means are used and different levels of priority is set for different detection elements so that the children left in the car can be omnibearingly and accurately recognized.

The invention discloses a visual high-temperature fluidized bed. The fluidized bed is provided with a visual window, and high-temperature-resistant quartz glass covers the visual window which is sealed by a high-temperature-resistant sealing gasket; a radiation shield is arranged outside the visual window, infrared ray resisting glass is arranged on the exterior of the radiation shield, and a fluidization and reaction phenomenon in the bed is observed through the infrared ray resisting glass and the high temperature resistant quartz glass. The visual high-temperature fluidized bed provided by the invention firstly provides an experimental apparatus for observing a gas-solid flow characteristic under a high-temperature operation state; the operation bed temperature of the related visual high-temperature fluidized bed can achieve more than 850 DEG C, the high-temperature fluidized bed is provided with the visual window, a fluidization reaction phenomenon is visually shot or observed through a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) high speed camera, a camera or naked eyes, and the visual high-temperature fluidized bed is beneficial to research of fluidized bed gas-solid flow and reaction mechanism; meanwhile, a sealing and radiation protection measure is adopted, the safe operation of the fluidized bed is guaranteed, heat loss possibly caused by the visual window can be reduced furthest.

The invention discloses a proportional near-infrared fluorescent probe. The chemical name of the proportional near-infrared fluorescent probe is aza-bodipy-BA, the structural formula of the proportional near-infrared fluorescent probe is as follows, the light stability is good, the proportional near-infrared fluorescent probe is not sensitive to the pH when the pH value is less than 7.5, and the cell imaging analysis and measurement can be favored. By utilizing the probe, the concentration of H202 in the cell can be detected through the proportional fluorescent method. The reaction principle is as follows: the variation of the fluorescent intensity is caused through the reaction of the H202 and boric acid, so that the selectivity on the H202 also can be greatly improved. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the proportional near-infrared fluorescent probe aza-bodipy-BA and an application of the proportional near-infrared flurosecent probe on the detection of H202.

Methods and devices are provided for controlling congestion in a network such as a Fibre Channel network. According to some implementations, a node within a network fabric detects congestion caused by an edge device outside of the fabric and notifies the edge device of the congestion. The edge device applies a congestion reaction mechanism in response to the notification. In some implementations, the congestion reaction mechanism is applied on a per-exchange basis, in order to mitigate congestion caused by a particular operation.

The invention provides a novel process for preparing p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) based on phosgene, which relates to a process for preparing chemical raw materials, in particular to a novel process for preparing the p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI). The process comprises the following steps: 1, hydrochloric acid formation reaction; 2, salifying reaction; and 3, photochemical reaction which is to transfer a mixture solution of para-phenylene diamine dihydrochloride-o-dichlorohenzene to a photochemical kettle, control the temperature, introduce the phosgene in an infinite reflux state to react, determine that the reaction is terminated after reaction materials are settled, introduce quantitative nitrogen to remove acid, sample and analyze the reactant, and obtain the p-phenylene diisocyanate PPDI through rectifying, crystallizing, centrifugating, drying, packaging or refining, slicing and packaging when the acidity content is qualified. In the process, a reasonable salifying reactioncondition is customized to avoid slow reaction of a prepolymer, complicated reaction mechanism, and easy generation of side products and adverse factors influencing the reaction in the next step.

The invention discloses a method for evaluating the flame retardant efficiency of asphalt, belonging to the technical field of an asphalt pavement and solving the problem that a method for evaluating the flame retardant efficiency of the asphalt is difficultly accurately quantified by using an existing flame retardant. According to the method, based on the combination of a thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis synchronous test and a thermal analysis kinetics theoretical equation, the flame retardant efficiency of a flame retardant to the asphalt is quantificationally evaluated. The method comprises the steps of: respectively testing the asphalt and prepared flame-retardant asphalt by adopting a thermogravimetry-differential thermal analyzer to obtain test data such as TGs (Thermal Gravity), DTGs (differential thermogravimetry), DTAs (Differential Thermal Analysis) and char yields; secondly, drawing curves of 1n[g(alpha) / T2] to 1 / T according to the thermal analysis kinetics theoretical equation, and determining reaction mechanism functions g(alpha) in the thermolysis process of the asphalt and the prepared flame-retardant asphalt through linear fitting of a least square method; thirdly, drawing a straight line of the 1n[g(alpha) / T2] to the 1 / T, solving kinetics parameter activation energies E and frequency factors A through a slope and an intercept; finally, comparing the E and the A of the asphalt with the E and the A of the prepared flame-retardant asphalt so as to completely and accurately evaluate the flame-retardant efficiency of the flame retardants with different types and doping quantities to the asphalt.

The disclosure describes a polymerizable liquid that includes a reactive oligomer and a reactive monomer. The polymerizable liquid is an energy polymerizable liquid hardenable by a single reaction mechanism forming a photoplastic material. The disclosure further describes a method of producing the photoplastic material and articles that can be made from the photoplastic material.

The invention discloses an ammonia spraying amount control method and system for a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) flue gas denitration system. A hearth combustion NOx data model and a SCR reaction mechanism are combined, an ammonia spraying amount calculation model is established, model parameters are identified by operation data and the model parameters are adjusted timely, ammonia sprayingfeedforward amount is calculated through the and a control system is introduced, so that the ammonia spraying amount control quality is improved, and the adjusted instantaneity and accuracy of the ammonia spraying amount is guaranteed. When a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) is demarcated or purged, feedforward control weight is adjusted by a feedforward coefficient, meanwhile, the feedback effect is weakened, and thus the influence of the working condition change of the CEMS on the ammonia spraying amount control is avoided.

The invention discloses a preparation method for tedizolid as shown in a formula IV. According to the method, tedizolid is prepared through chemical combination of a compound as shown in a formula I and a compound as shown in a formula II via a coupling reaction; and tedizolid phosphate with medical purposes can be prepared by subjecting the obtained tedizolid to esterification by phosphate. The preparation method has the advantages of milder reaction conditions, a few produced impurities and simple post-treatment. According to the invention, the reaction mechanism of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling is employed to connect boric acid as shown in the formula I and derivatives thereof with the compound as shown in the formula II, so reaction selectivity is high, a few impurities are produced, and a synthetic ratio is more than 90%; and oxazolidinone borate is used to react with tetrazole, so conditions are milder, and the generation rate of impurities is lower.

An energy device with high input / output characteristics and superior characteristics particularly at low temperature. The energy device stores and releases electric energy by means of a faradaic reaction mechanism based mainly on the alteration of the oxidation state of an active material whereby charges move into the active material, and a non-faradaic reaction based mainly on the physical adsorption and separation of ions on the surface of an active material for storing or releasing charges. The output characteristics at low temperature are improved by employing at least two kinds of faradaic reaction mechanism, namely, one with low reaction rate and the other with high reaction rate, which is mainly based on the alteration of the oxide state of an active material for the transfer of charges into the active material via an electrode interface.

The invention discloses an in-situ capture heterogeneous catalytic reaction intermediate product device and a use method thereof. The device comprises a reaction gas control system, an in-situ infrared pool system and an analyzing and testing system. The device can be used for carrying out a temperature-variable heterogeneous catalytic reaction at low pressure (smaller than or equal to 1.0 MPa), a catalyst active species, the reaction intermediate product, a reaction product and the like in the catalytic reaction can be monitored and tracked in real time, the changes, such as the influence of matching of raw material gas, reaction temperature, reaction pressure and the like on the catalytic reaction, of the reaction process along with various catalytic reaction conditions can be observed online, reactants, an intermedium and the product in the catalytic reaction process can be subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis through an in-situ infrared instrument, a gaschromatograph and the mass-spectrography, especially the intermedium and the product with low content (ppm grade) can be monitored online, and therefore the performance of catalysts can be compared, and the heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanism can be studied. Compared with the prior art, data is precise, operation is easy, and the device has great significance on heterogeneous catalytic reaction mechanism study.

The invention provides a system for drying and decomposing wet acetylene sludge and firing cement clinker by using the wet acetylene sludge as a calcium raw material. The system is characterized in that hot air drawn off from a clinker cooler and / or a kiln head cover is mixed in an air collecting pipe, then enters a drying crusher, exchanges heat with the calcium raw material fed into the drying crusher, finally passes through a powder concentrator, a cyclone dust collector and an exhaust gas draught fan and enters the bottom of a decomposing furnace for burning of fuel in the decomposing furnace; the calcium raw material is dried by hot air in a kiln head and subjected to powder concentration, then is directly and separately fed into the decomposing furnace and decomposed in the decomposing furnace, and finally is converged with non-calcium raw material powder preheated by a preheater system in the decomposing furnace, the calcium raw material and the non-calcium raw material powder enter a rotary kiln together so as to fire the cement clinker, and all the calcium raw material is the wet acetylene sludge. The system has the advantages that the wet acetylene sludge and the carbon dioxide reaction mechanism are fully combined, hot air mainly comprising nitrogen and oxygen is used as a drying hot source, and the acetylene sludge and the carbon dioxide are effectively prevented from being synthesized into calcium carbonate, so that the decomposition temperature and decomposition heat of calcium hydroxide are reduced.

The invention provides a rate type difunctional fluorescence molecular probe for detecting HSO4- ions, SO2 and derivatives thereof. A rate type fluorescence probe can utilize different reaction mechanisms and fluorescence signals under a same detection condition to respectively detect HSO4- ions, SO2 and derivatives thereof; after HSO4- is added, the ultraviolet spectrum blue shift is 99nm, the fluorescence spectrum is in rate type change and the color of the probe solution is changed from red to yellow; after Na2SO3 is added, two new ultraviolet absorption peaks are generated, the fluorescence spectrum is obviously changed and the color of the probe is changed from red to white, so that the distinctive detection for HSO4- ions, SO2 and derivatives thereof is realized. The difunctional probe has ultrahigh sensitivity and ultralow limit of detection for HSO4- ions, SO2 and derivatives thereof; the preparation cost is low; the difunctional fluorescence probe for respectively detecting HSO4- ions, SO2 and derivatives thereof on the basis of different mechanisms of the same probe for different detected objects is rarely reported; the rate type difunctional fluorescence molecular probe has an ultrahigh application value in the fields of biological chemistry, analysis and detection, and the like.

The invention discloses a production method and device capable of reducing polypropylene ash. The production method comprises the following steps of 1, preparing polypropylene by a liquid-phase bulk polymerization method so that a material containing polypropylene and a liquid propylene monomer is obtained, 2, vaporizing the liquid propylene monomer in the material to obtain a gaseous propylene monomer, and separating the gaseous propylene monomer and the polypropylene to obtain a material containing the gaseous propylene monomer, 3, separating the material containing the gaseous propylene monomer to obtain a propylene monomer and a residual material, 4, discharging the residual material from a system so that the residual material and polypropylene obtained by the gas-solid separation step are not mixed, and 5, carrying out separation to obtain a propylene monomer recycled in the propylene polymerization reaction of the step 1. The device comprises a polypropylene production device. The polypropylene production device comprises a reaction mechanism, a first flash evaporation mechanism, a degassing mechanism and a separation mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the production method reduces polypropylene product ash content by 10-50%.

This invention discloses a model set up method for residual oil catalytic cracking reaction mechanism model, which divides the oil cut fraction into 6 lumps to set up serial and parallel reaction networks among 6 lumps and combines the character of the reactor with the experience dynamics equations among the lumps to set up a residual oil catalytic cracking reaction mechanism model. Besides, 6 device factors are set for calibrating the reacted dynamics rate constants among the lumps to increase the pretest accuracy of the model to product distribution.

The invention relates to a method for preparing biodiesel from illegal cooking oil, acid oil and waste animal and plant grease. The method comprises the following steps: with the illegal cooking oil, the acid oil and the waste animal and plant grease as main raw materials, degumming and removing impurities, vaporizing to separate out heavy oil, and through catalytic cracking chemical decomposition reaction, processing macromolecular grease through catalytic cracking, molecular rearrangement, removal of carboxyl groups and an oxygen element and other reaction mechanisms so as to convert the animal and plant grease into the biodiesel which meets national standard requirements for gasoline and diesel in hydrocarbon molecular structural composition, condensation point, density, viscosity, cetane number and octane number and other technical indexes. The method is wide in application range; by the method, strong technical supports are provided for enterprises to simplify the production line, lower the production cost and the management cost and the technical level of the biodiesel is greatly improved; the quality of the prepared biodiesel is obviously higher than that of the existing biodiesel; therefore, the method has quite remarkable social and economic benefits.