232 results about "Reaction mechanism" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of bearings, and provides a hydrostatic bearing gas supply system which comprises a first gas supply subsystem and a second gas supply subsystem, the first gas supply subsystem comprises a first pipeline, a first check valve, a first reaction mechanism, a second reaction mechanism and a degassing structure, and the first reaction mechanism, the second reaction mechanism and the first pipeline are sequentially connected; a reactant is arranged in the first reaction mechanism, a catalyst is arranged in the second reaction mechanism, and the first check valve and the degassing structure are arranged on the first pipeline; the second gas supply subsystem is connected with the first pipeline; when the gas source is cut off, the reactant and the catalyst are subjected to chemical reaction in the second reaction mechanism to generate water vapor and oxygen, the degassing structure is used for consuming the oxygen and generating superheated steam, and the superheated steam enters the hydrostatic bearing. The air supply system for the hydrostatic bearing provides the pure water vapor working medium for the hydrostatic bearing, so that the normal operation of the hydrostatic bearing is ensured, and the hydrostatic bearing is prevented from being damaged.

The invention discloses a reaction site prediction method and device based on chemical and physical prior driving, and the method comprises the steps: extracting set features through the multi-modal input of a fusion molecular map, an SMILES sequence and a three-dimensional conformation; generating atomic embedding by using a message passing neural network, and calculating a mixed feature fusing a topological path and a three-dimensional distance; combining the key type weight to construct a graph position code of chemical environment correction; injecting the mixed distance and the charge difference into a Transform attention mechanism, and explicitly modeling an inter-atomic long-range electron effect; a model is jointly trained through double tasks of comparative learning and mask prediction, the comparative learning adopts a directional negative sample to enhance generalization, and mask prediction synchronously recovers an atom type and a charge transfer matrix; and finally, injecting quantum chemistry priori constraint attention weights such as a Fuzzy well function, outputting an atomic-scale reaction activity probability, generating a thermodynamic diagram, and realizing high-precision and interpretable active site labeling. According to the method, the drug design and reaction mechanism analysis efficiency can be remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reaction experiment simulation, and discloses an AI-based chemical reaction experiment simulation system and method, the system comprises a reaction mechanism model and a dynamic simulation model, the reaction mechanism model carries out integration processing on experiment initial data, and the dynamic simulation model carries out dynamic simulation on the experiment initial data; and the dynamic disturbance suppression layer performs dynamic disturbance suppression on the real-time reaction data flow, inputs a path generation layer simulation reaction track and generates a state instruction. The path generation layer comprises a data preprocessing module and a dynamic path generation module, and reaction key node recognition, compensation field data generation and state instruction optimization are achieved through energy level association processing, dynamic matching modeling, multi-dimensional parameter fusion and the like. According to the method, multi-dimensional data integration, dynamic disturbance processing and trajectory simulation precision are improved, accurate regulation and control and high-risk early warning of the reaction state are realized, the experiment cost and risk are reduced, and the method is suitable for reaction analogue simulation in chemical research and industrial production.

The open type in-situ electrochemical reaction tank comprises a reaction tank main body and a connecting assembly, an open type electrolyte cavity is arranged above the reaction tank main body, and a base for mounting a working electrode is arranged below the reaction tank main body; a through objective lens hole is formed between the electrolyte cavity and the base, and a reference electrode jack is formed in the side wall of the electrolyte cavity; a working electrode lead hole is formed in the side wall of the base, and an O-shaped gasket groove, a silica gel gasket groove and a working electrode fixing screw hole are formed in the bottom of the base. The reaction tank disclosed by the invention can realize in-situ electrochemical spectrum detection by connecting an electrochemical workstation, is small in volume, simple in mounting method, convenient to clean, high in quality of collected spectrum signals, acid-base-resistant and wide in application range, not only can be adaptive to upright and inverted micro-Raman spectrum systems, but also can ensure the accuracy of electrochemical spectrum test, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The reaction mechanism can be deeply understood, the reaction conditions can be optimized, and the research quality can be improved.

The invention discloses a self-template synthesized linear biochar-based bimetallic material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of carbon materials. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating ganoderma lucidum residues, and pyrolyzing in a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare charcoal; and mixing the prepared biochar with cobalt nitrate and sodium molybdate to prepare CoMoO4 nanoparticles with in-situ growth of the biochar, and then washing and drying to obtain the BC-coated CoMoO4 linear biochar-based bimetallic material. Heterojunctions formed by binding sites of cobalt-molybdenum bimetal and biochar in the material form more defect sites, the synergistic effect of the metal and the micro-nano fibrous biochar is exerted, the degradation rate in the application of catalytic degradation of bisphenol A can reach 98.18% or above, a multiple reaction mechanism with sulfate free radicals is jointly shown, and the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A is realized. And the method has higher adaptability and effectiveness for complex pollutants.

The invention discloses a system and a method for predicting reaction conditions of a menthane carboxamide cooling agent, and aims to optimize the reaction conditions, improve the experiment efficiency, reduce the production cost and ensure the stable product quality through an intelligent method. According to the system, the design experiment DoE and the response surface method RSM technology are combined, the relation between reaction conditions and products is systematically analyzed, multi-scale modeling is utilized, a molecular reaction mechanism and a macroscopic reactor model are combined, seamless connection from a laboratory to an industrial scale is achieved, and challenges in the amplification process are solved. By means of real-time data monitoring and feedback adjustment, the system can dynamically optimize the reaction process, controllability and stability of the production process are improved, the scientificity and intelligent level of reaction optimization are improved, and an efficient, controllable and environment-friendly solution is provided for large-scale production of the menthane carboxamide cooling agent.

The invention discloses a method for exploring a heterogeneous catalytic reaction network based on a deep potential energy surface model, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the accurate prediction of the free energy change of all possible element reactions on a catalyst through the combination of transfer learning and a density functional theory, and constructing a reaction network diagram based on a graph theory method; an improved Dijkstra method is used for searching a reaction network diagram to determine a reaction mechanism, and the selectivity of the catalyst is explored based on a Markov chain method. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, when the CO2 reduction reaction mechanism on the monatomic alloy is explored, the prediction error MAE of the electron energy of each intermediate is only 0.16 eV, the calculated amount is reduced by 90%, the dominant path of the CO2 reduction reaction is visually displayed, and a new normal form is provided for complex mechanism exploration and catalyst screening.

The invention discloses a method for simulating reaction migration of metal in a xanthate-loaded porous medium. On the basis of a coupling reaction mechanism of metal and an organic complexing agent (xanthogenate) in a porous medium, a multi-surface morphology complexing model (MSM) containing soil native components and xanthogenate is constructed and is combined with a reactive migration numerical model (a coupling water flow and solute migration equation); according to the method, through model calibration and experimental verification, the dynamic migration process of each metal component and the competitive retention distribution of the metal component on different solid-phase components can be accurately simulated and quantitatively analyzed under the complex condition that metal and xanthate coexist.

The application relates to the technical field of catalyst preparation, in particular to an in-situ formed FeO x / Fe3C catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The FeO x / Fe3C catalyst provided by the application is a heterogeneous composite structure composed of surface iron oxide (FeO x ) and bulk iron carbide (Fe3C), breaks through the limitation of only focusing on a single phase, systematically reveals the dynamic structure evolution law from the surface to the bulk, and clarifies the internal correlation with the reaction mechanism. Based on the synergistic circulation mechanism from the surface to the bulk, the FeO x / Fe3C catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance and stability in the reverse water gas shift reaction, which is superior to most of the catalyst systems reported at present.

The invention discloses a multi-mode chemical reaction yield prediction method based on adaptive data screening, and belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis and machine learning crossing. According to the method, a multi-modal input system containing one-dimensional chemical attribute data, a two-dimensional molecular structure map and a three-dimensional spatial configuration is constructed, so that multi-dimensional analysis of molecular interaction is realized; and meanwhile, a multi-stage training process is adopted to simulate a human cognitive rule, so that the model progressively learns layer by layer from a basic reaction feature to a complex reaction mechanism. According to the method, the screening threshold is dynamically adjusted, noise interference is effectively suppressed, and the adaptability to long-tail distribution data is improved. Compared with a traditional single-mode prediction model, the method has the advantages that the prediction accuracy on a noisy data set is improved, the trial and error cost of chemical synthesis experiments is remarkably reduced, and reliable technical support is provided for efficiently screening reaction conditions and accelerating research and development of new compounds.

The invention relates to a multi-model-based petrochemical production stream molecular-level composition prediction method and system, and relates to the technical field of oil refining chemical molecule management, and the method comprises the steps: measuring the molecular composition of a raw material, splicing structural units based on a structural unit-bond electric matrix frame, and constructing a molecular digital structure topology; constructing a molecular composition model by combining a preset molecular database, a probability density function and a molecular property predictor; establishing a molecular-level reaction network based on a catalytic reforming reaction mechanism, and constructing a molecular-level reaction kinetic model in combination with a reaction rate expression; constructing a reactor model according to mass, energy and momentum transfer equations; inactivation and separation unit models are constructed, multiple models are coupled in sequence, a whole-process reaction-separation molecular level prediction model is generated, and any stream molecular level composition is predicted. The method solves the problem that traditional petrochemical production depends on measurement results to adjust process parameters and has operation lag, and can eliminate lag and improve production control precision by predicting stream molecular composition.

The invention relates to the technical field of oxygen-enriched combustion safety and flammability limit prediction, and provides a flammability limit value prediction method and application, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the initial parameters of a gas fuel in a mixed atmosphere of oxygen and carbon dioxide; simulating a combustion process by using an element reaction mechanism, and outputting a curve of component mole fractions changing along with time; the combustion enthalpy change rate under the target atmosphere and the virtual atmosphere is calculated based on the curve, and carbon dioxide in the virtual atmosphere is replaced with virtual gas which has the same thermophysical property but does not have chemical reactivity; respectively calculating combustion heat release, mixture heat absorption and heat radiation; and in combination with the enthalpy change rate and the energy balance equation, the combustible limit value is solved and determined through numerical iteration. By quantifying the chemical effect and thermophysical influence of carbon dioxide, the problem of insufficient precision caused by neglecting the participation of carbon dioxide in reaction and unique thermal property in the oxygen-enriched combustion environment in the existing model is solved, and the method is suitable for the safety design of a combustion system.

This invention discloses a catalyst for the alkylation of tert-butanol with styrene to prepare tert-butylethylbenzene and ethylbenzene, its preparation method, and its application. The catalyst consists of a support and active components loaded on the support. The active components are oxides of rare earth metals and high-valence oxides of transition metals. The support is H-β zeolite. The mass contents of the oxides of rare earth metals and high-valence oxides of transition metals on the support are 3-5% and 2-4%, respectively. This invention makes a breakthrough in the reaction mechanism by loading rare earth metals and transition metals onto a β-molecular sieve and using tert-butanol and styrene as raw materials for alkylation. This avoids the polymerization of styrene (raw material) and the dimerization of isobutylene (intermediate product), reduces the generation of by-products, and makes the catalytic process controllable.

The utility model provides a membrane filtration decarburization device for biogas production, which relates to the technical field of biogas production and comprises a reaction mechanism and a main body mechanism, the reaction mechanism comprises an oxidation tank, a cover plate is clamped at the top of the oxidation tank, a stirring shaft is inserted into the cover plate in a penetrating manner, a stirring paddle fixedly sleeves the outer surface wall of the stirring shaft, an agent inlet pipe, an oxygen inlet pipe and an air inlet pipe are fixedly communicated with the top of the cover plate, and a motor is fixedly mounted at the top of the cover plate. And the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the top end of the stirring shaft. According to the device disclosed by the utility model, a catalyst is poured into the oxidation tank from the catalyst inlet pipe, biogas is introduced by utilizing the gas inlet pipe, oxygen is introduced by utilizing the oxygen inlet pipe, and the stirring paddle is driven to rotate by utilizing the motor, so that the catalytic oxidation efficiency is conveniently improved, hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds in the biogas are removed, and metal parts in the device are prevented from being corroded; the separation performance of the membrane is influenced.

The invention relates to an MOFs-COFs composite material based on covalent bond combination, a preparation method of the MOFs-COFs composite material and application of the MOFs-COFs composite material in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production, and belongs to the field of green chemical engineering. The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing hydrogen peroxide by photocatalysis based on a covalent bond combination MOFs (at) COFs composite material, and provides an application of the composite material in preparation of hydrogen peroxide. According to the novel method for preparing hydrogen peroxide through photocatalysis, a sacrificial agent and a cocatalyst are not used, so that the method is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free; high yield can be obtained without a pure oxygen environment and an air environment, visible light is used as an energy source, energy consumption is low, safety is high, operation is easy and convenient, reaction conditions are mild, the reaction mechanism is novel, and the yield of hydrogen peroxide in unit time is higher than that of similar prototype materials.

This invention relates to the field of spectroscopic testing technology, specifically to a membrane electrode, reaction cell, spectroscopic testing device, and their applications in an in-situ spectroscopic reaction cell under operating conditions. The membrane electrode comprises a light-transmitting ion-exchange membrane and two catalyst layers in contact with opposite sides of the ion-exchange membrane. At least one catalyst layer forms the catalyst-membrane reaction observation interface at its contact surface with the ion-exchange membrane. The other catalyst layer, opposite the catalyst-membrane reaction observation interface, has a light-transmitting aperture. This design exposes the catalyst-membrane reaction observation interface, allowing scattered light reflected from the interface to be collected by a spectrometer through the aperture. This enables in-situ observation of important conformational and microenvironmental information of adsorbed molecules at the catalyst-membrane reaction observation interface, thus providing an understanding of the reaction mechanism.

The invention provides a long-acting lubricating method for forming transition metal sulfide on the surface in situ, and belongs to the technical field of friction chemical synthesis and lubrication. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing an active sulfur-containing hydrogen bond donor with a hydrogen bond acceptor to obtain a sulfur-containing eutectic solvent; a sliding friction pair is formed by a substrate material and a pair, the sulfur-containing eutectic solvent is added to a contact area of the sliding friction pair and reaches an immersed state, friction is carried out, and the substrate material contains transition metal elements. Based on a friction chemical reaction mechanism, a sulfur-containing eutectic solvent is used as an active sulfur source, and stress and heat of a friction interface are utilized to develop a system for carrying out in-situ vulcanization reaction on the surface containing transition metal elements to generate transition metal sulfide with a lubricating property; the problem of performance degradation caused by friction loss and difficulty in supplement of transition metal sulfides such as molybdenum disulfide and tungsten disulfide in the use process of the traditional lubricant is solved, and the service life of a lubricating system is greatly prolonged.

The utility model discloses a device for reducing manganese loss through segmented leaching, and belongs to the technical field of manganese purification. The utility model discloses a device for reducing manganese loss through segmented leaching. The device comprises a first reaction mechanism, a first filter press, a second reaction mechanism, a second filter press, a third reaction mechanism, a third filter press and a leachate tank which are sequentially connected in series, the first filter press, the second filter press and the third filter press are respectively used for receiving products discharged by the first reaction mechanism, the second reaction mechanism and the third reaction mechanism and separating to obtain leaching residues and leaching liquid, and the first-section leaching residues separated by the first filter press in the first reaction mechanism are calcium sulfate and SiO2; the first-section leachate is conveyed to the second reaction mechanism by the first filter press; the second-section leaching residue separated by the second filter press in the second reaction mechanism is ferric hydroxide, and the second-section leaching liquid is conveyed to a third reaction mechanism by the second filter press; and the leaching liquid output by the third filter press is manganese-rich liquid and is conveyed to the leaching liquid tank.

The invention discloses low-carbon cement, a production method thereof and a low-carbon cement production system, and the production method comprises the following steps: reacting and calcining a cement raw material in the presence of an iron catalyst and a carbon-containing solid to obtain the low-carbon cement. According to the scheme, through an innovative reaction mechanism, an iron catalyst and a carbon-containing solid are introduced into a cement clinker calcination system, direct reaction of calcium carbonate and carbon is realized under specific conditions by utilizing the catalytic action of iron and the reducibility of carbon, and meanwhile, energy gas such as carbon monoxide is generated, so that low-carbon and resource utilization of cement production is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthetic chemistry, and discloses a preparation method of an aromatic ketone compound, which comprises the following steps: by taking an unsaturated carbonyl compound obtained by condensing aryl acetaldehyde / acid and aldehyde / ketone molecules as a precursor, carrying out a reaction on the unsaturated carbonyl compound in the presence of a free radical precursor and molecular oxygen under the conditions of illumination and / or heating to obtain the aromatic ketone compound. And carrying out free radical mediated decarbonylation functionalization reaction in an organic solvent to obtain the aromatic ketone compound. The functional group contained in the free radical precursor is introduced to the alpha position of the ketone compound. By improving reaction participants and a reaction mechanism, the aromatic ketone compounds with various structures can be efficiently and highly selectively constructed in one step, the functionalization of the alpha position of the aromatic ketone compounds is synchronously realized, and the preparation method which is simple and convenient to operate, high in atom economy, green and environment-friendly is provided for the aromatic ketone compounds; the obtained compound is especially applicable to the fields of drug synthesis and synthesis of other materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical production, and discloses a molecular-level method and system for predicting the quality of any stream in petrochemical production. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out online spectral analysis on a feed stream to obtain carbon number distribution and hydrocarbon composition data, and establishing a dynamic molecular library through structural unit coding; establishing a reaction rule library according to a reaction mechanism, and matching with the molecular library to generate a reaction network; establishing a reaction kinetics equation set in which the feed composition correction factor is introduced, and optimizing parameters; and performing gas-liquid phase equilibrium calculation on the reaction product to obtain stream molecular composition, extracting a structure descriptor, inputting the structure descriptor into a neural network model, introducing a component interaction item, and outputting a stream quality prediction result. The problems that stream quality prediction lags behind, precision is low, and feeding fluctuation cannot be adapted in real time in the prior art are solved.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a Turing-shaped high-entropy alloy catalyst under an interlayer confinement range, and belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation and electro-catalysis. According to the method, materials are ingeniously taken, commercialized crystalline flake graphite which is low in cost and resistant to acid and alkali corrosion is particularly selected to be combined with aniline to assist metal salt cation coordination, and simple mixing and sufficient intercalation are conducted firstly. And finally, performing in-situ pyrolysis on the metal salt ions confined between the carbon layers through low-temperature heat treatment, and promoting the formation of a Turing structure pattern with uniform size and uniform distribution by virtue of a confinement diffusion-reaction mechanism, so as to successfully obtain the Turing-shaped high-entropy alloy catalyst. In a performance test, the catalyst shows excellent three-function electro-catalysis HER / ORR / OER activity and stability under an alkaline medium. Furthermore, an oxygen electricity-hydrogen electricity sustainable energy system based on self-driving of the metal-air battery is constructed by virtue of the excellent multifunctional catalytic performance of the catalyst.

The invention relates to the technical field of renewable energy sources, and discloses a biomass catalytic pyrolysis coupling online upgrading liquid fuel preparation reaction device which comprises a base, the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with a discharging mechanism, the upper surface of the base is provided with a feeding assembly, and the feeding assembly is located at the bottom end of the discharging mechanism; a first pyrolysis mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first fixing shell, the bottom end of the first pyrolysis mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base, a reaction mechanism is arranged at one end of the connecting pipe, an auxiliary assembly is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the reaction mechanism, and a storage tank is arranged at the bottom end of the reaction mechanism. And a filtering mechanism is mounted in the base. When a material distributing plate of the feeding assembly rotates to a connecting frame, a sliding plate is driven to compress a spring and press an injection pipe button, after the material distributing plate leaves, the spring pushes a component to reset, injection pauses, medium injection is matched with raw material conveying rhythm, and it is ensured that pyrolysis oil gas and media are fully mixed and reacted.

The invention relates to the field of active nitrogen testing, and discloses a double-flow reactor experimental device for measuring active nitrogen discharge and reaction rate, the double-flow reactor experimental device comprises a reaction mechanism and an irradiation mechanism, the reaction mechanism comprises a first reactor, and the outer surface of the first reactor is provided with a constant-temperature water layer; the second reactor is communicated with the first reactor through a first connecting pipe; the ozone analyzer is mounted on the first connecting pipe; the two dryers are mounted on the first connecting pipe, and a constant-temperature water layer outside a first reactor in the reaction mechanism can stably control the temperature and store a soil sample; the second reactor is communicated with the first reactor through a first connecting pipe and used for particle membrane samples; the ozone analyzer, the NOx analyzer and the dryer on the first connecting pipe can synchronously detect the concentration of related gas, and the dryer can eliminate water vapor interference; the problem of measuring the key parameters of the active nitrogen under the background of farmland nitrogen application and urban agglomeration nitrate pollution is solved, and the method has the advantages of multi-parameter synchronous analysis, accurate environmental condition simulation, low-interference detection and the like.

The invention discloses a hydrogen-oil separation device for a hydrogen internal combustion engine ship, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen-oil separation, the hydrogen-oil separation device comprises a storage tank, a reaction module and a purification module, the storage tank is communicated with the reaction module through a pipeline, the reaction module is communicated with the purification module through a pipeline, and the storage tank, the reaction module and the purification module are sequentially arranged in the conveying direction; the reaction module comprises a reaction mechanism, the reaction mechanism comprises a deformation assembly, and the deformation assembly comprises a fence. The flow meter at the inlet end of the feeding pipe is used for measuring the flow of the hydrogen-containing medium, if the flow of the hydrogen-containing medium is large, the space in the enclosure is controlled to be enlarged, the catalyst is thinned, the section is enlarged, the contact area of the hydrogen-containing medium with the large flow and the catalyst is enlarged, the catalytic efficiency is improved, and if the flow of the hydrogen-containing medium is small, the catalyst is thinned. The space in the enclosure is controlled to become smaller, the catalyst becomes thicker, the cross section becomes smaller, the thicker catalyst reduces the permeability of the hydrogen-containing medium, the catalytic reaction time is prolonged, and the catalytic efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses an in-situ monitoring method for dynamic morphology and activity of a nitrate reduction reaction catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of electro-catalytic material characterization. And in combination with a modified electrolytic tank and a linkage strategy of'potential output-morphology scanning-activity detection ', in-situ co-positioning accurate monitoring of nanoscale morphology evolution and local activity distribution on the surface of the catalyst in the nitrate radical reduction reaction process is realized, and the method has high stability and compatibility and excellent dynamic quantitative characterization capability. According to the in-situ monitoring method developed by the invention, the technical bottleneck that the morphology and the activity are difficult to synchronously monitor by a traditional characterization technology is solved, and a brand-new dynamic analysis platform is provided for dynamic identification of active sites of a nitrate reduction reaction catalyst, analysis of a reaction mechanism and optimization of catalytic performance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-stability anionic polyacrylamide based on thiol-ene click chemistry. The core of the method is to construct an omnibearing stable system of a polymer from three dimensions through a click chemical reaction: the structure is stable: a topological chain structure with a space charge shielding effect is formed through accurate arrangement of monomers, so that a molecular skeleton and an active group keep long-acting stability. And the conformation is stable: the rigid-flexible adjustable chain segment design forms an internal microphase separation structure, so that the polymer can maintain the stretched and stable hydration conformation in various aqueous solutions, and the performance is consistent. And the process is stable: the reaction mechanism of ion complexing and click addition realizes the gentle release of polymerization heat, so that the synthesis process has high tolerance to parameter fluctuation. According to the invention, the problem of performance degradation caused by disordered structure and sensitive process of a traditional product is systematically solved, and a reliable solution is provided for the application field with strict requirements on stability.

The present application relates to the technical field of oxygen-enriched combustion safety and flammability limit prediction, and provides a flammability limit value prediction method and application, which comprises the following steps: obtaining initial parameters of a gas fuel in an oxygen and carbon dioxide mixed atmosphere; simulating a combustion process by using a base reaction mechanism, and outputting a curve of component mole fraction changing with time; calculating a combustion enthalpy change rate in the target atmosphere and a virtual atmosphere based on the curve, wherein the carbon dioxide in the virtual atmosphere is replaced by a virtual gas with the same thermal properties but without chemical reactivity; respectively calculating a combustion heat release, a mixture heat absorption and a heat radiation; and combining the enthalpy change rate and an energy balance equation to determine the flammability limit value by numerical iteration. The present application quantifies the chemical effect and thermal physical influence of carbon dioxide, solves the problem of insufficient accuracy of existing models in the oxygen-enriched combustion environment due to the neglect of the reaction of carbon dioxide and its unique thermal properties, and is suitable for combustion system safety design.

The invention belongs to the field of biochemical reaction, and particularly relates to a biochemical reaction integrated device which comprises a supporting steel frame; a biochemical tank; the biochemical tank is fixedly connected to the side edge of the supporting steel frame; a linkage reaction mechanism; the linkage reaction mechanism is arranged in the biochemical tank and is used for triggering air blowing in in a linkage manner while accelerating the biochemical reaction. By means of the linkage reaction mechanism, air is blown in from the bottom of the biochemical tank through the exhaust pipe and collides and shears with reaction liquid which is strongly stirred by the stirring blades in the bottom area, large bubbles are rapidly broken into tiny bubbles, and the tiny bubbles are evenly dispersed into the whole biochemical tank along with turbulent flow. And the gas-liquid contact area and time are maximized, so that the biochemical reaction period is greatly shortened.

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation devices of 4, 4 '-dinitrodiphenyl ether, and particularly relates to a nitration device for producing 4, 4'-dinitrodiphenyl ether, which comprises a support frame, a tank body is rotatably connected to the support frame, a storage mechanism for storing and transporting reaction raw materials is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support frame, a reaction mechanism is fixedly connected to the interior of the tank body, and the reaction mechanism is fixedly connected to the lower end of the support frame. The input end of the reaction mechanism is connected with the output end of the storage mechanism through a pipeline, and a collecting structure is arranged at the output end of the reaction mechanism and used for collecting reaction products. The storage mechanism stores and stirs raw materials to prevent incomplete nitration reaction or side reaction increase caused by non-uniform local concentration of the raw materials, and when the raw materials are output into the reaction mechanism, the raw materials enter the reaction mechanism at a high speed, so that the raw materials collide at a high speed and are preliminarily mixed in the high-speed collision, and the reaction efficiency is improved. The subsequent reaction is more sufficient.