The invention discloses a preparation method and application of
polyvinyl alcohol assisted molded
aramid nanofiber aerogel. The preparation method of the
aerogel comprises the following steps: pulping
aramid pulp, homogenizing and centrifuging to obtain an
aramid nanofiber aqueous dispersion; dissolving
polyvinyl alcohol in deionized water to obtain a
polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; and mixing the aramid
nanofiber aqueous dispersion and the polyvinyl
alcohol aqueous solution, placing the mixture in a container, and carrying out
liquid nitrogen unidirectional freezing,
freeze drying and low-temperature heat treatment to obtain the
aerogel. According to the aerogel prepared by the method, due to the physical winding effect of a polyvinyl
alcohol polymer chain and the
chemical combination effect of a
hydrogen bond, dispersion of the aramid nanofiber in a water-based
solvent is synergistically promoted; therefore, the phenomena of agglomeration and adhesion, non-uniform forming,
slag and
powder falling and the like caused by Van der Waals interaction, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction and the like among the adjacent aramid nanofibers in the freezing
casting process are avoided; the aramid nanofiber in the aerogel subjected to low-temperature heat treatment is close to single distribution, and a viscous polyvinyl
alcohol molecular chain is converted into a conjugated
carbon chain, so that the mechanical properties of compression, stretching and the like of the aerogel are remarkably improved. In addition, the aerogel can be used as a wave-absorbing material after being carbonized at a high temperature, has the advantages of thin thickness and light weight, and has the wave-absorbing capability of wide
frequency band and strong absorption.