139 results about "Chemical concentration" patented technology

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for forming a plasma in the exhaust line of a primary process reactor. The plasma is generated in an inductive source (5) to examine the chemical concentrations of the waste or exhaust gas in vacuum lines that are below atmospheric pressure. The optical radiation emitted by the plasma is analyzed by an optical spectrometer (9) and the resulting information is used to diagnose, monitor, or control operating states in the main vacuum vessel.

A method and apparatus for forecasting and controlling neurological abnormalities in humans such as seizures or other brain disturbances. The system is based on a multi-level control strategy. Using as inputs one or more types of physiological measures such as brain electrical, chemical or magnetic activity, heart rate, pupil dilation, eye movement, temperature, chemical concentration of certain substances, a feature set is selected off-line from a pre-programmed feature library contained in a high level controller within a supervisory control architecture. This high level controller stores the feature library within a notebook or external PC. The supervisory control also contains a knowledge base that is continuously updated at discrete steps with the feedback information coming from an implantable device where the selected feature set (feature vector) is implemented. This high level controller also establishes the initial system settings (off-line) and subsequent settings (on-line) or tunings through an outer control loop by an intelligent procedure that incorporates knowledge as it arises. The subsequent adaptive settings for the system are determined in conjunction with a low-level controller that resides within the implantable device. The device has the capabilities of forecasting brain disturbances, controlling the disturbances, or both. Forecasting is achieved by indicating the probability of an oncoming seizure within one or more time frames, which is accomplished through an inner-loop control law and a feedback necessary to prevent or control the neurological event by either electrical, chemical, cognitive, sensory, and/or magnetic stimulation.

Optical sensor devices, image processing devices, methods and computer readable code computer-readable storage media for detecting biophysical parameters, chemical concentrations, chemical saturations, vital signs and physiological information such as a malignant condition are provided. In some embodiments, the optical sensor includes an array of photodetectors, where each photodetector is configured to detect a spectrum of light. In some embodiments, the image processing device receives a live still or video electronic image, or alternatively, the electronic image is provided from an electronic storage media. Exemplary physiological parameters include but are not limited to a pulse rate, a biophysical or physiological property of skin, a cardiovascular property, a property related to an organ such as the liver or the kidneys, and a temperature fluctuation. In some embodiments, the physiological parameter is indicative of a malady including but not limited to an autoimmune disease, a cancer, a nutritional deficiency, a malignant condition of bone marrow, a present of an infectious microbe such as a fungus, a present of hepatitis, and a cardiovascular disorder a pulmonary disorder. Exemplary chemical concentrations include but are not limited to a chemical saturation, a pH level, a pH level in blood vessels such as capillarys or in skin, a glucose level such as a blood glucose level, a urea nitrogen level such as a blood urea nitrogen level, a CO2 level such as a blood CO2 level or a CO2 saturation level, and an oxygen level such as a blood oxygen level or a blood oxygen saturation level. In some embodiments, the biophysical parameter, physiological parameter or chemical concentration is obtained from reflecting light from tissue from a mammalian subject. Alternatively one or more of these parameters are detected from a food item such as food tissue, a consumable beverage such as an alcoholic beverage, a dairy product, wine, a baked good, a fruit and a vegetable. Exemplary parameters related to food items include but are not limited to a parameter indicative of cooking or spoilage, a pH, a concentration of an antioxidant, and a concentration of an anti-inflammatory agent.

A chemical supply system comprises, as principal elements, a chemical storage tank in which a liquid chemical for cleaning is stored in the state of its formulated concentrate, a chemical supply apparatus connected to the chemical storage tank for positively performing chemical supply, a piping system connected to the chemical supply apparatus to form a supply flow passage that is a passage for ultrapure water which the liquid chemical is to be mixed with, a pair of discharge nozzles disposed at end portions of the piping system so as to oppose surfaces of a wafer set in a cleaning chamber to supply a cleaning liquid onto the surfaces. Thereby, remarkable miniaturization/simplification of a cleaning liquid supply system including chemical tanks is intended, it is made possible easily and rapidly to compound and supply a cleaning liquid at an accurate chemical concentration, and particles or the like being generated and mixing in a cleaning liquid, are suppressed to the extremity.

An integrated circuit (IC) includes a semiconductor substrate, a least one MOS transistor formed in or on the substrate, the MOS transistor including a source and drain doped with a first dopant type having a channel region of a second dopant type interposed between, and a gate electrode and a gate insulator over the channel region. A silicide layer forming a low resistance contact is at an interface region at a surface portion of the source and drain. At the interface region a chemical concentration of the first dopant is at least 5×10²⁰ cm⁻³. Silicide interfaces according to the invention provide MOS transistor with a low silicide interface resistance, low pipe density, with an acceptably small impact on short channel behavior.

A chemical concentration controller and recorder is disclosed for controlling and recording chemical concentrations in a cleaning system. The invention allows a user to control the concentration of two or more chemicals in the cleaning system simultaneously using either concentration-based feed or timed feed. The invention records and archives chemical concentration data from sensors in the cleaning system tanks or the cleaning system fluid conduits during operation of the cleaning system. The data may then be downloaded by a user and analyzed for efficiency and cost control purposes. For example, the data may indicate the overfeeding of chemicals to the cleaning system or leaking valves in the cleaning system.

Methods for determining need for treating a vehicle travel surface include sensing, at a first time, a characteristic of a vehicle travel surface from a mobile sensor. Sensed characteristics include temperature, friction coefficient, material volumetric buildup, e.g., composition, such as an amount or percentage of ice or snow, density, depth, freeze point and chemical concentrations. The sensed characteristic is recorded as a first measurement in a database, and GIS information correlating a location with the first measurement is attached. The characteristic of the vehicle travel surface is sensed at a second time, at the location, and recorded in the database, for example as a second measurement. GIS information correlating the location with the second measurement may be attached, and the first and second measurements compared.

A method and system for enhancing predictive accuracy of planet surface characteristics from orbit using an extended approach of Pan-Sharpening by using multiple high resolution bands to reconstruct high resolution hyperspectral image is disclosed. Sparsity based classification algorithm is applied to rock type classification. An Extended Yale B face database is used for performance evaluation; and utilizing deep Neural Networks for pixel classification. The present invention presents a system that can significantly enhance the predictive accuracy of surface characteristics from the orbit. The system utilizes complementary images collected from imagers onboard satellites. The present system and method generates high spatial high spectral resolution images; accurate detection of anomalous regions on Mars, Earth, or other planet surfaces; accurate rock/material classification using orbital data and the surface characterization performance will be comparable to in-situ results; and accurate chemical concentration estimation of rocks.

Methods of and devices for detecting a measurable characteristic of the gas sample. The methods and devices are able to detect a value of or a change of measurable characteristic (e.g., such as chemical concentrations), a change of chemical compositions and/or biological responses of a living organism that are induced by a stressor. The biological responses are able to include cellular stress, damage, and immune responses. The stressor is able to include an exposure to ionizing radiation. The effects of the stressors are able to be monitored in terms of changes in the chemical concentrations and chemical compositions in an exhaled breath. The chemicals are able to function as bio-markers. The chemicals that are to be monitored are able to include nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethane, and other molecules related to specific disease resulting from the stressor.

The present invention may be embodied as a retrievable device capable of sensing one or more properties of an individual (e.g., chemical or physical parameters, etc.) In use, the retrievable device can continuously determine the chemical concentrations within the vaginal tract. An embodiment of the retrievable device comprises a first housing having a light source and an image capture device, a second housing removably connected to the first housing and having a sensor, and a fitting for retrieving the device. The sensor may be an analyte sensor configured to obtain at least one measurement of a concentration of an analyte in a fluid. The analyte sensor comprises a sensor substance in a sol-gel material so the sensor substance reversibly interacts with an analyte of interest. In addition, the retrievable device can be configured to determine different physical parameters and re-implanted.

The invention discloses a method for recovering copper ions in copper-plating cleaning solution. The method comprises the following steps of filtration pretreatment, first-stage cyclic separation, second-stage cyclic separation and chemical concentration. The method which adopts a membrane cyclic separation technique plus a chemical concentration method realizes the decomposition, concentration and complete on-line recycling of electroplating waste liquid, realizes real zero emission, is very simple and economical, and solves the problem of the industrialization of an electroplating waste liquid treatment zero-emission technique from research experiments to practical application.

A method for measuring a chemical concentration in tissue has two measurement steps. First, generating a first light and illuminating a portion of the tissue with the first light; capturing a first reflected light from the tissue; directing the first reflected light to a plurality of light sensors, each light sensor measuring light at a different wavelength, that wavelength being proximate to a wavelength of an expected Raman shift wavelength for the chemical in the tissue; and obtaining a measurement from each of the light sensors, each measurement being specific to the first reflected light through that light sensor. Second, generating a second light and illuminating a portion of the tissue with the second light; capturing a second reflected light from the tissue; directing the second reflected light to the plurality of light sensors, each light sensor measuring light at a different wavelength that wavelength being proximate to a wavelength of an expected Raman shift wavelength for the chemical in the tissue; and obtaining a measurement from each of the light sensors, each measurement being specific to the second reflected light through that light sensor. The measurements of the first reflected light and the measurements of the second reflected light are used to calculate a concentration of the chemical in the tissue.

An optical apparatus for measurement of industrial chemical processes. The analyzer uses Raman scattering and performs measurement of chemical concentrations in continuous or batch processes. The analyzer operates at a standoff distance from the analyte (or analytes) and can measure concentrations through an optical port, facilitating continuous, non-destructive, and non-invasive analysis without extracting the analyte or analytes from the process. The analyzer can measure one or several solid, liquid, or gaseous analytes, or a mixture thereof.

The invention relates to the technical fields of energy sources and environment and discloses chemical power poly-generation energy system and method for recycling CO2. In the system, coal gas obtained by gasifying a carbon-rich raw material, and a hydrogen-rich raw material, namely, coke oven gas, are mixed and subjected to a reforming reaction and a chemical synthesis reaction to obtain a reaction product, the reaction product is processed in a flash evaporation process and a rectification process for separation to obtain CO2 gas and a final product, one part of the CO2 gas separated from a rectifying tower is delivered to take part in the gasification process of the carbon-rich raw material, and the other part of the CO2 is delivered to take part in the reforming reaction. By means of the system and the method provided by the invention, the CO2 separated in the rectifying process is used as feed gas to be directly recycled by the system so that a water gas shift reaction, chemical-looping combustion and other methods with higher energy-consumption performance for improving the chemical concentration of the CO2 are avoided, the problems of reduced energy system efficiency caused by the separation of CO2 and difficulties in transporting and storing large amount of CO2 are solved, and thus, a dual-effect production mode for energy-saving and environmental-protection utilization of resources is realized.

An in-line holographic microscope is used for measurements of micrometer-scale particles and associated suspending fluid medium containing the particles. The system yields heterodyne scattering patterns that may be interpreted with Lorenz-Mie theory to obtain precise time-resolved information on the refractive index of the suspending medium for determining chemical composition, concentrations and makeup thereof. This approach can perform spatially resolved refractometry with measurements on calibrated refractive index standards and monitor chemical concentration in a microfluidic channel. Using commercially available colloidal spheres as probe particles and a standard video camera for detection yields volumetric refractive index measurements with a resolution of 2×10⁻³ RIU for each probe particle in each holographic snapshot.

The invention discloses a method for desizing cotton grey cloth, which is a novel treatment method comprising the following steps: first using plasma equipment blocked by a medium to treat the cotton grey cloth, singeing, boiling-off with low chemical concentration in a short time and finally bleaching, i.e. plasma->singeing->half-boiling-off (or omitting boiling-off)-bleaching; and the capillary effect, the breaking strength, the white content and the like of the semi-finished cloth after treatment are close to those of the semi-finished cloth treated by conventional production methods, and the alkali boiling-off concentration and steaming time thereof are one third lower than those of the semi-finished cloth treated by the conventional production methods. The method can be used for the pre-treatment of the cotton grey cloth, and achieves the purposes of saving energy and reducing emission.

The invention relates to oral double iguratimod controlled release formulation, which comprises fast release layer and slow release layer that are composed of 8-30% micronizing iguratimod crystal powder and medical findings, and the granule size of iguratimod crystal powder is 1-10 um. The effective component in fast release layer is released in short time and reaches to effective blood chemical concentration for effective action; the iguratimod in sloe release layer is released gradually and maintains effective blood medical concentration for continuous effective action. The invention overcomes shortcomings of short effective action time and a little high toxic effect.

An underwater vacuum, cleaning, removal, and sterilization system that allows for the submersible cleaning and sterilization of interior surfaces of drinking water storage, treatment, and distribution facilities. The system allows for the cleaning and chemical sterilization of surfaces in an underwater environment while simultaneously removing the sterilization chemical to prevent the said sterilization chemical from impacting or increasing the optimum sterilization chemical concentration in the surrounding water. The underwater vacuum, cleaning, and sterilization system includes a housing 24 having an opening 46 which is positioned adjacent the surface to be cleaned and sterilized. The system also includes a containment chamber 55 inside said housing. The containment chamber is open on the top and bottom and more than one flexible member, seal or plurality of bristles or brushes thereby defining a circumferential seal 63 on the bottom which is fluidly connected to both the interior cavity and the interior of the vacuum housing for assuring that all of the cleaning and sterilization fluids and any other matter are removed from the cavity and do not leak therefrom. The system also includes a variable-pressure-fluid mechanism inside the housing and containment chamber for providing a variable-pressure fluid flow against the surface to be cleaned and sterilized. The mechanism includes pressure jets 53 or spray portals from which variable pressure water and sterilization chemical flow to remove debris or material from the surface being cleaned and sterilized. A turbine energized by water flow through the vacuum powers the rear wheels inside the housing. In addition the system includes vacuum or water suction for removing all of the cleaning fluid and sterilization chemical and coatings, debris, or any other matter from the cavity. The housing has a water outlet 42 which communicates with a pump or siphon at the surface of the water. The vacuum has two rear wheels that are adjustably attached to the interior of the housing with a rotable axle between each wheel and with a sprocket attached to a chain drive powered by said turbine motor, and two front wheels that are adjustably attached to the interior of the housing. The underwater vacuum, cleaning, removal, and sterilization system can remove sediment and other debris from a water storage reservoir while simultaneously sterilizing the surfaces without causing turbidity in or allowing the sterilization chemical to enter the water column. In one of the embodiments a rotable brush 32 is supported inside the housing, which is also powered by the turbine motor, which may assist the cleaning process for some applications. In some of the embodiments the system includes hand held water suction and variable pressure fluid jet tools that are not powered by a turbine and are held by hand against smaller surfaces, roof support column bases, in corners, wall to floor joints, or any other area not reachable by the large turbine powered embodiment for cleaning and sterilization of said surfaces. The hand held embodiments may or may not have wheels or brushes. In some additional embodiments air lift or fluid pressure driven water suction and variable pressure fluid flow tools are designed to clean and sterilize the exterior surfaces of roof support columns or pipes and the interior surfaces of pipes.