The invention discloses an anhydrous sodium sulfate preparation method and an anhydrous sodium sulfate preparation apparatus, and belongs to the anhydrous sodium sulfate preparation field. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: processing a raw sodium sulfate solution to prepare a fine sodium sulfate solution; dehydrating the fine sodium sulfate solution to prepare dry sodium sulfate; and processing the dry sodium sulfate to prepare finished sodium sulfate. The preparation apparatus comprises a nitrate solution reaction clarifier, a slurry clarifier, a non-valve filter, a rotary drum vacuum filter, a fine sodium sulfate solution storage device, a steam generation device, a multiple-effect evaporator, a centrifuge, an atmospheric condenser, a cooling tower, a cycle water pump, a Roots water ring vacuum set, a hot air drying device, a convey device, a pneumatic elevator, a nitrate storage bin and a cloth bag deduster. According to the invention, the sodium sulfate solution refining efficiency is high, the sodium sulfate solution quality is good, and the sodium sulfate solution is fully recycled; and the heat energy utilization rate in the production process is high, the production energy consumption is low, and the finished sodium sulfate has a fast convey speed and a high output.