This invention discloses an
aerogel protocellular material, its preparation method, and its applications. The preparation method includes: under the coexistence of acidic and alkaline catalysts, sequentially subjecting an
aqueous solution of a
silicon precursor containing bioenzymes and
anionic polymers to
acid hydrolysis and alkaline condensation reactions to obtain a silica
sol; mixing this
sol with an
oil phase containing cationic compounds for emulsification; and then, through spontaneous film formation and
sol-gel conversion, forming a hydrogel protocellular material. Finally, the material undergoes low-temperature
solvent replacement and
drying. This invention provides the first method to achieve in-situ
enzyme immobilization and integration of
cell-like structures within a material, realizing the
dehydration stabilization of the protocellular
system and the construction of
aerogel protocellular materials, overcoming the limitation of existing protocellular construction technologies that cannot operate outside of an aqueous environment; furthermore, it endows the bioenzymes with excellent
thermal stability, photostability, and resistance to
electrical shock, solving the technical problem of easy inactivation of existing bioenzymes under extreme conditions.