The invention belongs to the field of nano material preparation and provides a method to achieve surface-common-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman in a core-shell structure. Spherical silver nano particles are used as substrates of surface-common-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman, the silver nano particles are placed inside the shell layers, with good surface-enhanced Raman activity, of gold nano particles, fluorescent dye molecules are disposed between the silver nano particles and the gold nano particles, and the distances among the silver nano particles, the fluorescent dye molecules and the gold nano particles to achieve surface-common-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman in the core-shell structure. A Stober method is used to change corresponding experiment parameters, silicon dioxide of different thicknesses is wrapped on the surfaces of the silver nano particles to adjusting the distances among the silver nano particles, the fluorescent dye molecules and the gold nano particles, surface-common-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman signals of the manufactured multi-layer core-shell structure composite particles are further enhanced, and the multi-layer core-shell structure composite particles are good in water solubility, uniform and stable in nature, and promising in potential application prospect in fields such as biological imaging, safety detection and catalyzing. The method is wide in raw material source, simple and easy to operate, easy in batch and large-scale production, good in industrial production foundation, and promising in application prospect.