1248 results about "Extinction" patented technology

A lighting unit for producing flash light toward subjects in a photographic scene comprises an matrix array of light emitting elements arranged so as to have individual lighting fields different from one another, a selective excitation circuit for exciting selectively the light emitting elements so as to produce flash light, different in intensity as appropriate, in predetermined lighting patterns and an excitation/extinction circuit 250 for exciting or extinguishing the light emitting elements. A photographic equipment equipped with the lighting unit has directive switches or buttons for directing the lighting unit to select lighting pattern according to focal lengths, zoom rations, operation modes including a communication mode, and/or demands of pre-lighting,

A method for determining parameter of atmospheric environment includes using laser radar determining system to receive backward scattering light of atmosphere, splitting received light to be various lights required by laser radar, carrying out analysis and treatment of data as per set program after photoelectric detection for realizing measurement on atmospheric environmental parameters such as temperature, steam density, airosol extinction coefficient, scattering coefficient, airosol optical thickness, visibility and depolarization ratio of non-spherical particle backward scattering light.

Microstructured optical fibre is fabricated using extrusion. The main design of optical fibre has a core suspended in an outer wall by a plurality of struts. A specially designed extruder die is used which comprises a central feed channel, flow diversion channels arranged to divert material radially outwards into a welding chamber formed within the die, a core forming conduit arranged to receive material by direct onward passage from the central feed channel, and a nozzle having an outer part in flow communication with the welding chamber and an inner part in flow communication with the core forming conduit, to respectively define an outer wall and core of the preform. With this design a relatively thick outer wall can be combined with thin struts (to ensure extinction of the optical mode field) and a core of any desired diameter or other thickness dimension in the case of non-circular cores. As well as glass, the extrusion process is suitable for use with polymers. The microstructured optical fibre is considered to have many potential device applications, in particular for non-linear devices, lasers and amplifiers.

During the light illumination period of a monomer addition cycle in synthesizing an DNA microarray, undesirable reflections of illumination light from various interfaces that the illumination light passes through near the synthesis surface of the substrate may reduce the light-dark contrast, and negatively affect the precision and resolution of the microarray synthesis. The present invention provides an flow cell that reduces the undesired reflections by constructing certain flow cell structures with materials that have similar refractive indexes as that of the solution that is in the oligomer synthesis chamber during the illumination period and/or constructing certain flow cell structures or covering the structures with a layer of a material that has a high extinction coefficient.

Devices for detecting particle sizes and distributions using focused light scattering techniques, by passing a sample through a focused beam of light, are disclosed. In one embodiment, the devices include one or more lasers, whose light is focused into a narrow beam and into a flow cell, and dispersions are passed through the flow cell using hydrodynamic sample injection. In another embodiment, a plurality of lasers is used, optionally with hydrodynamic sample injection. Particles pass through and scatter the light. The scattered light is then detected using scatter and extinction detectors, and, optionally, fluorescence detectors, and the number and size of the particles is determined. Particles in the size range of 0.1 to 10 μm can be measured. Using the device, significantly smaller particles can be detected than if techniques such as EQELS, flow cytometry, and other conventional devices for measuring biological particles.

The invention discloses a topic detection and tracking method based on microblog data. In the method, potential hidden subjects in large-scale social network information are mined. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, partitioning microblog data increasing massively according to time sequence properties, and filtering redundant information; secondly, analyzing and classifying text contents in time windows, returning key subject descriptions with independent semantics after extraction, and extracting topics in different time windows; and lastly, analyzing the inheritance and the identity of topics among the time windows to conclude the variation tendency of microblog topics. According to the method, the dynamic developing process of topic contents, namely, the generation, development, climax and extinction of topics can be shown, and topics are described more accurately and fully.

A gas (1) comprising hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon contaminants is treated in a plant (FIG. 2) in a configuration in which waste streams are recycled to extinction. In especially preferred aspects of contemplated methods and configurations, hydrogen sulfide and other sulfurous components are converted to a sulfur product (37), carbon dioxide (44A) is separated at a purity sufficient for enhanced oil recovery or sale, and hydrocarbon contaminants are purified to a marketable hydrocarbon product (49).

The invention discloses an overhead rail type firefighting inspection robot system. The overhead rail type firefighting inspection robot system comprises an overhead rail part, overhead rail type firefighting inspection robots, fire extinction equipment, a position identification block, a charging position, a remote control center and wireless signal transmission equipment. Each overhead rail type firefighting inspection robot comprises a traveling part, a lifting vision device, a position detection device, a detector, a fire extinction control device and a control and communication device. The robots move on a rail of the overhead rail part. The position detection devices conduct positioning by identifying the position identification block. The robots can be charged at the charging position. The fire extinction control devices operate the fire extinction equipment. The control and communication devices achieve communication of the robots and the remote control center through the wireless signal transmission equipment. The robots of the overhead rail type firefighting inspection robot system can conduct inspection detection along the rail, find out equipment failures and potential safety hazards and can conduct fire extinction operation in time.

A subwavelength terahertz (THz) switch using an artificially designed conductor metamaterial is discussed in this invention. Theoretically, slow-light EM wave propagating at THz speed imitates the strongly localized surface plasmon modes and henceforth is called Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton (SSPP) mode in this invention. The SSPP mode of slow-light EM propagation can be easily tailored by changing the refractive index of the dielectric materials inside the metallic gap structure engineered as a periodic array of grooves. Thus, the incorporation of electro-optical material which has birefringence such as a nematic liquid crystal (N-LC) or multiple-refractive indices into the metallic gap leads to a highly compact and efficient terahertz switch being controlled by a low-voltage signal. The optimal design of the SSPP switch enabled by this novel method shows many interesting properties including 1) strong subwavelength localization; 2) relatively high extinction (On/Off switching) ratio; and 3) small damping attenuation. The THz dynamic switches can be used to construct linear switches, Y junction switches and Mach-Zehnder interferometers by using micromachining and other fabrication techniques.

The invention provides a method for determining commutation failure of a multi-infeed direct current power transmission system. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of calculating the extinction angle of an inverter station in the system in case of three-phase short-circuit grounding and single-phase short-circuit grounding of each node based on a nodal impedance matrix and by virtue of a node voltage interaction factor, and determining whether the direct current system fails in commutation with a critical extinction angle as the criterion. Besides, the calculation results of all the nodes are integrated, and a three-phase critical failure impedance boundary and a single-phase critical failure impedance boundary are delimited on a network topology, respectively. The minimum extinction angle is taken as the determination criterion of the method for the commutation failure, and an alternating current system area causing the commutation failure of the direct current system during a fault can be determined quickly and accurately through simple calculation by virtue of the critical failure impedance boundaries, and the accuracy of the determination method is improved while the determination process of the commutation failure is simplified. The influence, caused by a fault of an alternating current system, on the direct current system can be determined and analyzed clearly and visually.

The invention provides a vehicle communication method based on a blockchain technology in a vehicular ad hoc network. The method comprises the steps as follows: a block chain in the vehicular ad hoc network is arranged for a road section, a vehicle in a road section acquires road condition information to be sent, and a trust value of the road condition information is acquired according to trustworthiness information of the vehicle; the vehicle packages the road condition information and the trust value of the road condition information into a block, and the blocks having the same road condition information in the same road section are connected to form one block chain by the vehicles; each vehicle in the road section downloads each block in the block chain, acquires the road condition information and the trust value of the road condition information in the block, and comprehensively judges the trustworthiness of the road condition information according to the trust value of the road condition information and related information of the block chain. According to the method provided by the invention, the user trustworthiness measurement mechanism, a message classification mechanism, a VANET block chain formation and extinction mechanism are combined, and safe and efficient authentication of the messages is achieved by using a VANET block chain technology under the premise of protecting user privacy.

The present invention discloses an inversion method for laser radar data of atmospheric particulate matter particle size spectrum spatial and temporal distribution. The method comprises: by measuring back scattered echo signal of atmospheric particulate matters via laser radar, accurately inverting to obtain extinction coefficients of atmospheric particulate matters in three wavelengths of infrared, visible and ultraviolet bands at different heights from the ground; building lognormal distribution spectral functions of four aerosol components and parameters thereof, for obtaining refractive indexes at different bands of different aerosols and the mixing ratio of the four aerosol components in different aerosol modes; obtaining the particle size spectrum normalized at 0.55 micron of the extinction coefficient of each aerosol basic component, and comparing with a standard spectrum for authentication; and finally performing iterative calculation to the extinction coefficient spectrums obtained by laser radar surveying to obtain the aerosol mixed volume ratio of each height, thus obtaining atmospheric particulate matter particle size distribution of different heights at different times. According to the inversion method of the invention, valid data are provided for analysis and study of particle properties and variation patterns, especially, an effective means for spatial and temporal change detection for the particle-size spectrum of the atmospheric particulate matters is provided, and active three-dimensional telemetry technology suitable for atmospheric particulate matter particle size distribution is established.

To provide a nonvolatile memory device suppressing a reduction of a data retention characteristic even if charges injected and stored into a local area of a nitride film is redistributed to achieve a reduction of voltage, the nonvolatile memory device in which hot electrons are injected into the local area of the nitride film at one or both of source•drain regions side to store data in a memory transistor is satisfied with a standard for evaluating a film quality of the nitride film, the standard being defined by one of the followings: a density of the bond group of silicon and hydrogen being under 1×10^{21 cm−3}; an extinction coefficient in an ultraviolet region at a wavelength of 240 nm being under 0.10 or the extinction coefficient in 230 nm being under 0.14; an optical energy, a peak wavelength of an luminance spectrum, or a peak energy thereof.

In one embodiment, a limited play optical storage medium for data comprises: a reflective layer, a control portion comprising an optically transparent polymeric resin and a light absorbing material, wherein the control portion has a light transmission of greater than or equal to about 70% at 650 nm, a curing index of greater than or equal to about 0.1 and a filtration index of greater than or equal to about 2.5, and wherein the light absorbing material has a minimum extinction coefficient (measured in CH₂Cl₂ solution) at 600 nm of greater than or equal to 1,500 mol⁻¹·cm⁻¹·L, a maximum extinction coefficient (measured in CH₂Cl₂ solution) at 650 nm of less than about 1,000 mol¹·cm⁻¹·L, a ratio of extinction coefficient at 650 nm to 600 nm less than about 0.1, and a reactive layer disposed between the reflective layer and the control portion, wherein the reactive layer is designed to limit the time during which data on the medium (disposed on a side of the reactive layer opposite the control portion), can be accessed after exposure to oxygen.

There is provided a method for producing colorants which can exhibit excellent color development even in a small amount and are low in thixotropy.

The constituent feature of the present invention comprises:

• • enhancing the molecular extinction coefficient of the coloring matter substance by ion exchanging method, to afford a room for increasing B (resin) of P/B;
  • then a composition is designed and employed to enhance the effect increasing the polar group concentration which is a role of resin and the quality of the effect;
  • it thus becomes possible to achieve the limit value of the molecular extinction coefficient as much as possible and to eliminate the factors adversely affecting the present process.

A digital camera includes: a lens unit that forms a subject image on an imaging plane; an image sensor that includes color filters each disposed at one of pixels disposed in a lattice-like pattern over pixel intervals (a, b) along two directions, an x direction and a y direction, extending perpendicular to each other, with color filters corresponding to a first color component among first through nth (n≧2) color components, disposed in a checkered pattern at pixels amounting to at least half an entire color filter density and color filters corresponding to remaining color components disposed at other pixels, and outputs image signals expressing the subject image; and an optical low pass filter unit at which light having passed through the lens unit and yet to enter the image sensor undergoes light beam separation along two diagonal directions ((1/2)a, (1/2)b)×(√2/α) and ((1/2)a, −(1/2)b)×(√2/α) relative to (x, y) coordinate axes, so as to achieve frequency modulation for the subject image to become extinct at a band formed by connecting spatial frequencies (α/(2a), 0) and (0, α/(2b)) at positions calculated by multiplying, by a multiplier α, a Nyquist frequency 1/(2a) and a Nyquist frequency 1/(2b) at the image sensor assumed respectively along the x direction and the y direction. When the pixel intervals (a, b) assumed along the two directions at the image sensor are both within a 2.5˜5 μm/pixel range, a position of an extinction frequency band is set for the optical low pass filter by setting the multiplier α for the Nyquist frequencies at the image sensor within a range of 1.5≦α≦3.5.

The invention provides a method for estimating visibility of a single fog-degraded image on the basis of scene depth. The visibility serves as a basic element of meteorological observation and is an important evaluation index in the field of fog-degraded image processing. The traditional visibility testing method depends on hardware facilities such as atmospheric transmission instruments, and multi-point manual observation is required. The method is used for estimating transmissivity on the basis of an atmospheric degradation physical model, the scene depth is estimated by a scenery depth estimation method, and an atmospheric extinction coefficient is solved according to a principle of a visibility measuring instrument. Probability statistic thinking is adopted, the visibility on a single pixel point is estimated, the probability of the visibility of pixels of different grades is counted according to the grade of the visibility in foggy days, and the visibility of the single fog-degraded image is estimated. By the method, only the single fog-degraded image is estimated, calculation is simple, the estimation accuracy is high, hardware facilities are not required, and manual operations are reduced. The method can be used for effectively evaluating a defogging effect in a foggy day image sharpening system.

Digital control of frequency and/or amplitude modulation techniques of an intracavity and/or extracavity AOM (60) facilitate substantially full extinction of a laser beam (90) to prevent unwanted laser energy from impinging a workpiece (80); facilitate laser pulse amplitude stability through closed-loop control of pulse-to-pulse laser energy; facilitate beam-positioning control including, but not limited to, closed-loop control for applications such as alignment error correction, beam walk rectification, or tertiary positioning; and facilitate employment of more than one transducer on an AOM (60) to perform any of the above-listed applications.

The invention provides an organic dye which uses five-membered heterocyclic ring, derivatives thereof and a dye-sensitized solar cell prepared by the organic dye. The dye uses the five-membered heterocyclic ring or the derivatives thereof as a Pi unit, uses substituted triarylamine as an electron donor, uses cyanoacetic acid structure as an electron acceptor, and belongs to molecule of D-Pi-A structure. The dye molecule belongs to pure organic compounds, the structure of the materials is simple and is easy to be obtained; expensive materials of metal of Ru and purifying agent of polydextrose do not need to use, the compound yield is higher, so the total yield is between 40 percent and 70 percent; besides, the performance of spectral absorption and molar extinction coefficient and the like of the dye are excellent; and the peak value of the spectral absorption is over 550nm at the most, the molar extinction coefficient is over 48000M<-1>cm<-1>, the peak value and the coefficient are more than the Ru dye, therefore, the dye has wider absorption range to the sunlight. The dye-sensitized solar cell prepared by the organic dye has the maximum of quantum conversion efficiency of 97 percent and the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of more than 8.0 percent.

There is provided a compound represented by a specific formula, which has an absorption maximum at 400 nm or more and less than 720 nm in a UV-visible absorption spectrum, wherein a molar extinction coefficient is 10,000 mol⁻¹·l·cm⁻¹ or more at the absorption maximum wavelength, and a difference between a melting point and a deposition temperature (a melting point−a deposition temperature) is 31° C. or more.