168 results about "Phosphonium" patented technology

The invention provides an antibacterial polyurethane acrylate film material embedded with N-substituted benzisothiazolinone and alkenyl functionalized quaternary phosphonium salt, and belongs to the field of organic antibacterial coatings. N-substituted alkenyl of benzisothiazolinone is functionalized, tri (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine alkenyl is functionalized, and the antibacterial polyurethane acrylate film material is prepared. Double bonds are introduced into a benzisothiazolinone structural unit and a tri (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphine structural unit, N-substituted benzisothiazolinone (NIT) and tri (4-methoxyphenyl) (nonyl-8-ene-1-yl) phosphonium bromide (TPC9) are grafted into a polyurethane acrylate main chain at the same time, and by means of the remarkable antibacterial activity of the NIT and the TPC9 on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, the polyurethane acrylate can be used for preparing the antibacterial polyurethane acrylate. A broad-spectrum antibacterial material is prepared, and a corresponding antibacterial coating can be used for modifying the surface of a base material.

The invention discloses an application of an ionic liquid in extraction of trioxymethylene, in the process of generating trioxymethylene by acid-catalyzed condensation of a formaldehyde aqueous solution, the ionic liquid is added as an extraction agent to extract and separate the trioxymethylene generated by reaction, and the ionic liquid is methyl tributyl phosphonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide salt; when the ionic liquid is used for extracting trioxymethylene, a ternary azeotropic system of trioxymethylene, water and methylene glycol can be broken, the ionic liquid and trioxymethylene are subjected to nonpolar Van der Waals' force interaction so as to realize extraction, and methylene glycol and water are left in a water phase through hydrogen-bond interaction, so that high-purity trioxymethylene with the purity of more than or equal to 99.5 wt.% is obtained.

The present invention relates to the field of new material technologies, and discloses a flame-retardant fabric, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. The method includes: (1) performing a first contact reaction on diethylenetriamine, vinylsilane and epoxy group-containing silane to obtain diethylenetriamine-silane; (2) performing a first dilution of the diethylenetriamine-silane in solvent I, adjusting the pH to obtain a diethylenetriamine-silane solution, immersing the fabric in the diethylenetriamine-silane to perform a first immersion to obtain a flame-retardant treated fabric I; (3) performing a second contact reaction on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate, urea and water to obtain a pre-polymerized tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate flame retardant; (4) immersing the flame-retardant treated fabric I in the pre-polymerized tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate flame retardant to perform a second immersion to obtain a flame-retardant fabric. The flame-retardant fabric prepared by the method provided by the present invention has excellent flame-retardant effect, the method is simple and efficient, and there is no need for gas to participate in the reaction, the cost is low, and it is suitable for mass production.

The present invention provides a latent accelerator capable of reducing the curing stress of epoxy resin, and its preparation method and application. The structural formula of the latent accelerator is shown as formula I below. The structure of this accelerator contains both a phosphonium silicate ion structural unit capable of promoting the curing of epoxy resin and a linear polymer structural unit capable of reducing the curing stress of epoxy resin. While acting as an accelerator for epoxy resin, it can endow epoxy resin with advantages such as good fluidity, curability and low curing stress. The present invention also provides an epoxy resin composition containing a linear polymer accelerator capped with phosphonium silicate ions. When encapsulating semiconductor devices using this epoxy resin composition, it has low curing warpage and high encapsulation reliability.

The application discloses a hot-melt injectable adhesive and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of adhesives. The hot-melt injectable adhesive comprises a co-hot-melt product of alpha-liponic acid, N-alkyl liponic amide and tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphonium hydrochloride or citric acid, and is specifically prepared by mixing and hot-melting alpha-liponic acid, N-alkyl liponic amide and tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphonium hydrochloride or citric acid and then cooling and shaping. The hot-melt injectable adhesive is a temperature-responsive crystallization curing mode, the curing process does not involve material exchange with a water phase, and the use of a solvent is omitted, so that the hot-melt injectable adhesive has the advantages of green environmental protection, simple preparation, good universality, strong adhesion and convenient use and operation, and is expected to have great application potential in daily life and industrial engineering fields.

The invention discloses a flame-retardant PA66 material and a preparation method thereof.The flame-retardant PA66 material is prepared from, by weight, 80-100 parts of a modified PA66 material, 3-5 parts of modified graphene, 15-30 parts of a flame-retardant additive and 0.1-0.5 part of tetraphenylphosphorus bromide, a molecular chain of the flame-retardant additive contains an organic silicon chain segment and an organic phosphorus structure and is doped with nitrogen and boron elements, and when the material is burnt, the flame-retardant PA66 material has a flame-retardant effect, and the flame-retardant PA66 material has a flame-retardant effect. The organic phosphorus can be dehydrated to form a phosphoric acid carbon layer, the nitrogen element can release inert gas, dilute combustible gas and generate an expansive phosphorus-nitrogen carbon layer with the organic phosphorus, the boron element can improve the compactness and high-temperature stability of the carbon layer, and the organic silicon can form a cross-linked network shape, so that the continuity of the carbon layer is improved; a fluorine-containing polysiloxane chain segment of a side chain of the flame-retardant additive is embedded among molecules of the modified PA66 material, and is decomposed to generate fluorine free radicals during combustion, and active free radicals in a combustion chain reaction are quenched, so that a rapid flame-retardant effect is achieved.

The application provides a method for synchronously separating active substances of Haematococcus pluvialis, and relates to the technical field of natural product extraction, and comprises an extraction phase with a mass ratio of 20%-50%, and the balance is water; the extraction phase is a quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid or a eutectic solvent; the quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid comprises tetrabutylphosphonium trifluoroacetate or tributyl octyl phosphonium bromide; and the eutectic solvent comprises a quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid and a fatty acid with a molar ratio of 1:1-5:3. The extraction phase has weak acidity, the ability to form van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond interactions, the Haematococcus pluvialis cell wall breaking effect and high solubility. The extraction phase can form liquid-liquid phase separation, can realize the synchronous extraction of Haematococcus pluvialis cell wall breaking, astaxanthin, carbohydrates and proteins, and has no organic solvent, is simple to operate, has short extraction time and high extraction efficiency. The method solves the technical problem that the extraction agent in the prior art cannot effectively separate multiple active substances of Haematococcus pluvialis.

An electrode 1a comprises a layered material 15. The layered material 15 includes a layer 15a and phosphonium 15p. The layer 15a includes a body 15b and an end 15c. The body 15b has a composition of MmXn. The end 15c is present on the surface of the body 15b. As regards the body 15b, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 3 elements, Group 4 elements, Group 5 elements, Group 6 elements, and Group 7 elements. X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms and nitrogen atoms.

Cationic pillar[n]arenes, e.g., positively charged poly-ammonium, poly-phosphonium and poly-imidazolium pillar[5-6]arene derivatives are capable of inhibiting or preventing biofilm formation, and facilitating existing biofilm decomposition. A composition for inhibiting or disrupting biofilm, e.g., bacterial or fungal biofilm, formation, or reducing biofilm, can include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a cationic pillar[n]ene.

The present invention is a deep eutectic liquid, which is a mixture of a hydrogen bond donor compound and a hydrogen bond acceptor compound, wherein the hydrogen bond donor compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (1) having a structure in which 2 to 100 monomers having a hydroxy group are bonded, the hydrogen bond acceptor compound is a compound containing a monomer having a quaternary ammonium cation represented by the following general formulae (2) to (6) or a quaternary phosphonium cation represented by the following general formula (7), and the deep eutectic liquid is present in a liquid state at 25° C. The present invention provides a deep eutectic liquid that has high ionic conductivity and ensures safety upon contact with living bodies, a bio-electrode composition containing the deep eutectic liquid capable of promptly acquiring signals by being applied to the skin without leaving residues on the skin, stably obtaining biological signals for a long period, and forming a living body contact layer for bio-electrodes, a bio-electrode in which a living body contact layer is formed from the bio-electrode composition, as well as a method for producing the bio-electrode.

The present invention provides a fluoropolymer, which is a fluoropolymer of a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I). Among them, based on all the polymer units constituting the above fluoropolymer, the content of the polymer unit (I) based on the monomer (I) is 40 mol% or more, and the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) is 1.4×10 4 or more. General formula (I): CX2=CX‑O‑Rf‑A (wherein, X is independently F or CF3, and Rf is a fluoroalkylene group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkylene group having 2 to 100 carbon atoms and having an ether bond or a ketone group. A is -COOM, -SO3M, -OSO3M or -C(CF3)2OM (M is -H, a metal atom, -NR 7 4, an imidazolium with or without substituents, a pyridinium with or without substituents, or a phosphonium with or without substituents, and R 7 is H or an organic group).).

The invention provides a zero-dimensional manganese-based quaternary phosphonium cation organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of material science and photoelectricity. The preparation method comprises the following steps: grinding and uniformly mixing quaternary phosphonium ionic liquid, hydrated halogenated manganese salt and oxalic acid dihydrate to obtain a mixed material; and transferring the mixed material into a high-temperature reaction kettle, carrying out high-temperature reaction, cooling to room temperature, adding ethanol into the high-temperature reaction kettle, heating, recrystallizing, and cooling to obtain the zero-dimensional manganese-based quaternary phosphonium cation organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide. According to the method, the defect that a traditional solvent volatilization method, a solvothermal method, a solvent diffusion method and the like highly depend on strong haloid acid and an organic solvent is overcome, and the technical problem of green controllable synthesis of the 0D Mn-OIMHs crystal is solved by adopting a green and environment-friendly ionothermal synthesis method.

This invention provides a class of organophosphorus compounds based on phosphane structural units and their preparation methods, namely phosphane phosphonium oxides represented by formula (II) and phosphane phosphonium hydrogens represented by formula (III). These organophosphorus compounds are widely used in the manufacture of optoelectronic devices. Their synthesis method avoids the use of highly polluting chlorine gas and the subsequent emissions problems caused by traditional phosphorus chemical production, making it an extremely environmentally friendly production method. Furthermore, the method disclosed in this invention features mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, simple post-processing, and high yield.

A method for removing a fluorine-containing compound from discharge water, which includes bringing discharge water containing two or more fluorine-containing compounds represented by the following general formula (1) or (2) into contact with an adsorbent so as to adsorb the two or more fluorine-containing compounds:(H—(CF2)m—COO)pM1  General Formula (1):wherein m is 3 to 19, M1 is H, a metal atom, NRb4, where Rb is the same or different and is H or an organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and p is 1 or 2;(H—(CF2)n—SO3)qM2  General Formula (2):wherein n is 4 to 20; M2 is H, a metal atom, NRb4, where Rb is the same as above, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent; and q is 1 or 2.

The invention discloses sulfonamide ionic liquid as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The sulfonamide ionic liquid comprises one or more of quaternary ammonium cations, quaternary phosphonium cations, trimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium ions and protonated organic alkali. And one or more of benzene sulfonamide anions and substituted benzene sulfonamide anions; substituted benzene sulfonamide is selected as an anion for the first time, and the variety of ionic liquid is developed; the ionic liquid has the advantages of easily available raw materials, easy preparation, high thermal stability and chemical stability; the sulfonamide ionic liquid has alkalescence, can capture CO2 through chemical action, is high in capture amount and easy to desorb, and has a good recycling effect; the diluent is selected, the molecular weight is small, the chemical stability is high, and the amount of CO2 captured by each kilogram of ionic liquid can be effectively increased; the ionic liquid provided by the invention is mixed with a diluent according to a certain molar ratio for CO2 capture, so that the viscosity of a system can be effectively reduced, the mass transfer of CO2 in the system is enhanced, and the CO2 capture amount is increased.

The invention discloses polyurethane modified by a solid bactericide of polyborneol ester phosphonium. The preparation method comprises the following steps that octaphosphino cage type oligomeric silsesquioxane and halogenated bornyl acetate react in an anhydrous solvent at the temperature of 10-50 DEG C for 12-24 hours, the molar ratio of phosphine groups to halogenated bornyl acetate groups is 1: (1-1.5), and the powdery antibacterial agent is obtained after precipitation, collection and drying. The antibacterial agent is added into thermoplastic polyurethane through primary mixing and mixing in an internal mixer to form a uniform and transparent polyurethane material, so that the material has antibacterial performance. The multi-quaternary phosphonium cation constructed on the basis of cage type oligomeric silsesquioxane has good antibacterial performance and environmental degradability, can be used in the fields of disinfectants, plastics, textile fabrics, medical instruments and the like, is different from common liquid water-soluble mono-quaternary phosphonium salt, is solid powder, cannot be dissolved in water but can be dissolved in ethanol, and can be used for preparing the antibacterial material. This makes it difficult to migrate and washable during use.

The invention discloses a preparation method of beta-apo-8 '-carotene acid ethyl ester, which comprises the following steps: reacting C10 dialdehyde, C5 phosphonium ester and / or C5 phosphonium salt in the presence of an unsaturated dinitrogen heterocyclic compound under an alkaline condition to generate a C15 aldehyde ester intermediate; the method comprises the following steps: reacting a C15 aldehydeester intermediate with a C15 phosphonium salt in the presence of an unsaturated dinitrogen heterocyclic compound under an alkaline condition, and carrying out an isomerization reaction after the reaction is finished to generate beta-apo-8 '-carotene acid ethyl ester; the method is simple and efficient to operate and mild in reaction condition, the prepared apoate crystal is high in all-trans content, low in impurity residue, small in average size and free of agglomeration, and production of downstream preparations is facilitated; particularly, the unsaturated dinitrogen heterocyclic compound serving as the catalyst is wide in source, easy to obtain, low in cost and beneficial to industrial application.

The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a carbon-based soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. In the present invention, biochar, humic acid-based modified hydrogel, diatomite, hydroxyapatite, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus coagulans are stirred and mixed, and then a polyvinyl alcohol solution is sprayed into the mixture, granulated and dried to obtain the carbon-based soil conditioner. Imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts can adsorb on the negatively charged cell surface of bacteria through their positive charges, and the hydrophobic groups are inserted into the lipid layer, causing the leakage of intracellular substances and leading to the death of bacteria; guanidine groups destroy the cell membrane of bacteria through strong positive charge adsorption, bind and coagulate nucleic acids and enzymes, playing an antibacterial role; the nitrogen atoms in the imidazole group and triazine group act as hydrogen bond acceptors, enhancing the hydrogen bond interaction with the hydrogel molecular chain and improving the water retention performance of the conditioner; the benzene ring hydrophobic groups form reversible cross-linking points through hydrophobic association, constituting a dynamic three-dimensional network and improving the water retention performance of the conditioner.

A high temperature rechargeable lithium-ion battery featuring a nonflammable electrolyte composed of a thermally and electrochemically stable ionic liquid, a lithium conducting salt, and a cathode film forming additive. The battery includes a cathode and an anode and is capable of operating at temperatures up to 100° C. and beyond. The ionic liquid may include a phosphonium ionic liquid, and the lithium conducting salt can be selected from various compounds such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and others. Additionally, the cathode film forming additive may comprise lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB). The cathode may be composed of LiNixMnyCOzO2, and the anode may include Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). The battery is also operable at temperatures up to 125° C.

A high temperature rechargeable lithium-ion battery featuring a nonflammable electrolyte composed of a thermally and electrochemically stable ionic liquid, a lithium conducting salt, and a cathode film forming additive. The battery includes a cathode and an anode and is capable of operating at temperatures up to 100°C and beyond. The ionic liquid may include a phosphonium ionic liquid, and the lithium conducting salt can be selected from various compounds such as lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and others. Additionally, the cathode film forming additive may comprise lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB). The cathode may be composed of LiNixMnyCozO2, and the anode may include Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). The battery is also operable at temperatures up to 125°C.

The present application provides an oil-soluble ionic liquid with anti-corrosion and friction-reducing properties, as well as its preparation method and application. The cation of the oil-soluble ionic liquid is a quaternary phosphonium cation of different alkyl chain lengths with a benzotriazole functional group, and the anion is sodium diisooctyl sulfosuccinate. The preparation method of the ionic liquid is as follows: chloromethylbenzotriazole and trioctylphosphine are mixed, and a quaternary phosphonium reaction is performed to obtain trioctylphosphonium functionalized with benzotriazole; then the trioctylphosphonium functionalized with benzotriazole is mixed with sodium docusate, and an ion exchange reaction is performed to obtain an oil-soluble ionic liquid. The oil-soluble ionic liquid is used as a lubricating additive for base oil PAO10 and is applied to the lubrication of steel / steel friction pairs. Experimental results show that the oil-soluble ionic liquid has good solubility in base oil PAO10, and at the same time, it not only has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties on the steel / steel friction pair interface, but also has a good corrosion inhibition effect on the friction pair interface.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a treatment agent for recycled cellulose fiber excellent in nep preventing properties.　This treatment agent for recycled cellulose fiber contains (A) an organic phosphate ester compound having a hydrocarbon group with 14-22 carbon atoms including a compound (A1) represented by general formula (1) and a compound (A2) represented by general formula (2); and (B) a nonionic surfactant. The weight ratio (A / B) of the compound (A) to the surfactant (B) is 0.05-1.0. In formula (1), R1 is a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group with 14-22 carbon atoms. M1 and M2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, ammonium, phosphonium, an organic amine or a quaternary ammonium. In formula (2), R2 and R3 are each independently a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group with 14-22 carbon atoms. M1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, ammonium, phosphonium, an organic amine or a quaternary ammonium.

A composition contains a phosphonium catalyst and a polyorganohydrogensiloxane. The composition is curable in a method including heating. The composition and method are useful for preparing polyorganosiloxane products such as coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and foams.

The invention belongs to the technical field of demulsifier preparation, and particularly relates to a demulsifier for an offshore oilfield and a preparation method of the demulsifier. According to the demulsifying agent for the offshore oilfield, modified polysiloxane is used as a main demulsifying agent, tallow alkyl bis (hydroxyethyl) amine oxide and tetradecyl tributyl phosphonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imine salt are used as auxiliary demulsifying agents, methyl-1-oleamidoethyl-2-oleyl imidazoline methyl ammonium sulfate is used as a corrosion inhibitor, ethylene bis stearamide is used as a defoaming agent, and the demulsifying agent is prepared through a one-step method. The cosolvent is a dissolution dispersion medium, the triethanolamine is a pH regulator and a corrosion inhibition synergist, and the deionized water is a continuous phase carrier; all the raw materials have a synergistic effect, so that the prepared demulsifier for the offshore oilfield has excellent dehydration and demulsification performance.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyl triaryl phosphonium halides of general formula (3-Z), wherein Y represents a halogen atom, Ar represents independently of each other an aryl group, R 1 and R 2 represent independently of each other a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R 1 and R 2 may together form a divalent hydrocarbon group R 1 -R 2 having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, which process comprises: subjecting a (7Z)-11-halo-1,1-dialkoxy-7-undecene compound of general formula (1-Z), wherein X 1 represents a halogen atom, R 1 and R 2 are as defined above, to a phosphonium salt forming reaction with a phosphine compound of general formula (2), wherein Ar is as defined above, to form said compound (3-Z); and also relates to a compound of general formula (A) L(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)5CH(OR 1 )(OR 2 )(A), wherein R 1 and R 2 are as defined above.

The present disclosure provides a liquid resin composition that has high fluidity at high temperature and can suppress abnormalities of appearance and breakage of a cured product when exposed to high temperature. A liquid resin composition contains a liquid epoxy compound (A), a liquid aromatic amine compound (B), an inorganic filler (C), a stress-lowering agent (D), and a fluidity-increasing agent (E). The stress-lowering agent (D) contains an epoxidized fatty acid ester compound (D-1). The fluidity-increasing agent (E) contains at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds (E-1) that have a quaternary phosphonium cation structure and compounds (E-2) that have a silicate anion structure.

Alkoxylations are performed by reacting a cyclic oxide with a starter in the presence of certain phosphonium catalysts. The phosphonium catalysts are highly active and effective in such small quantities that it is often unnecessary to remove catalyst residues from the product. The phosphonium catalysts are very effective in alkoxylating even low molecular weight starters such as glycerol and sorbitol.

The invention discloses an antibacterial polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of high polymer materials. When the antibacterial polyester fiber is prepared, 1, 3, 5, 7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, solid super acid and 1, 3-bis (hydroxypropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane react to prepare hydroxyl-terminated methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, and then the hydroxyl-terminated methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil reacts with dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol to prepare polysiloxane copolyester; the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out phosphorus-hydrogen addition modification on polysiloxane copolyester and diphenyl (4-vinyl phenyl) phosphine, and then carrying out quaternary phosphonium modification on the modified polysiloxane copolyester and 4-bromine-butylamine hydrobromide to prepare antibacterial modified copolyester; preparing ZIF-8 powder and loading an anti-aging agent; and finally, mixing the antibacterial modified copolyester and the ZIF-8 loaded with the anti-aging agent, melting and spinning to prepare the antibacterial polyester fiber. The antibacterial polyester fiber prepared by the method has excellent antibacterial, flame-retardant and antioxidant properties and the like.

An analyzer is disclosed for detecting and quantifying a tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) composition in a water sample. The analyzer includes a peristaltic pump and a three-way valve, where the peristaltic pump draws in a water sample that includes a THPS composition through the 3-way valve. The analyzer also includes a 6-way valve that receives the water sample and a potassium permanganate reagent, and a reaction coil in which the water sample and the KMnO4 reagent are mixed and reacted. The analyzer further includes a debubbler that remove bubbles from the mixture; and a flow cell that receives the mixture from the debubbler, measures an intensity of KMnO4 absorption in the mixture, normalizes the measured intensity by subtracting a background intensity, and determine a presence and a concentration of the THPS composition in the water sample.

To provide a magnetoviscous fluid that can achieve both high reliability and high excitation stress even when used at low or high temperatures, and a braking device equipped with such a magnetoviscous fluid. [Solution] A magnetorheological fluid comprising metal magnetic particles modified with an ionic liquid modification site containing a first cationic group and a first anionic group, and an ionic liquid dispersion medium containing a second cationic group and a second anionic group, wherein the first cationic group and the second cationic group are of the same type and are selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium ions, imidazolium ions, pyridinium ions and phosphonium ions, and the first anionic group and the second anionic group are selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate ions, hexafluorophosphate ions, trispentafluoroethyltrifluorophosphate ions, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ions, hydrogen phthalate ions and bissulfurylimide ions.