The invention discloses a method for synthesizing CsSnX3 perovskite quantum dots by microwave-assisted heating, and belongs to the field of semiconductor and nanotechnology. The method comprises the steps: adding cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3), oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm) according to the molar ratio of 1 to 0.375 to 0.375 to a mixed solvent mixed by octadecene (ODE) and a polar solvent with a volume ratio of (1:3) to (1:5), then placing into a microwave heating apparatus, stirring and vacuumizing, raising the temperature to be 60 to 100 DEG C, preserving heat to be dissolved, obtaining a cesium precursor solution with a molar concentration of 0.5 to 1.5M; introducing inert gas, raising the temperature to be 150 to 190 DEG C, injecting quickly a halide tin (SnX2) trioctylphosphine (TOP) solution, reacting for 1 to 5min, adding methyl acetate or tert-butanol after cooling, centrifuging, washing with n-hexane for 3 to 5 times, and obtaining CsSnX3 quantum dot powder after drying. According to the method for synthesizing the CsSnX3 perovskite quantum dots by microwave-assisted heating, the temperature distribution of the reaction temperature field is uniform and precisely controllable, the heating and cooling speed is fast, the preparation period is short and the yield is high; the quantum point has high crystallinity, less surface defects, uniform size distribution, high fluorescence quantum yield and high safety.