57 results about "Vinyl pyridine" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of polymer photoelectric materials, in particular to a preparation method of a supramolecular gel electrolyte. The method comprises the following steps: esterifying tetraphenylethylene alcohol and methacryloyl chloride to form tetraphenylethylene methacrylate, and performing staged linear heating polymerization on the tetraphenylethylene methacrylate, 3-(methacrylamido) propyl dimethyl 3-thiopropyl ammonium oxide inner salt, acrylic acid, tetraphenylethylene methacrylate and 4-vinylpyridine under the action of ammonium persulfate to obtain a tetraphenylethylene copolymer. And finally, soaking in a lithium chloride aqueous solution to obtain the supramolecular hydrogel electrolyte. The hydrogel obtained by the invention has high mechanical strength and high ionic conductivity, and is suitable for energy storage devices such as flexible supercapacitors and the like.

The application belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, and particularly relates to a temporary plugging agent for fracturing acidification and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is as follows: in a reactor, itaconic acid, p-styrene sulfonic acid, 2-allyloxy methyl-2-hydroxymethyl propane-1,3-diol, vinyl pyridine, pentaerythritol diacrylate, buffer salt and deionized water are sequentially added, stirring is conducted, the pH value is adjusted, and all raw materials are completely dissolved; an initiator is added from a high-position dropping tank, the reaction is automatically heated, the reaction is kept, a reducing agent is added, the reaction is terminated, the pH value is adjusted, and a temporary plugging agent solution is obtained; the temporary plugging agent solution is dried and granulated to obtain the product temporary plugging agent. The preparation method has the characteristics of simple synthesis process and no by-products; the temporary plugging agent has the advantages of large water absorption, large plugging strength, high breakthrough pressure, self-degradation and designable degradation time.

The application provides a dithiol modified copolymer and a preparation method and application thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of lithium batteries. In the dithiol modified copolymer, the copolymer is a branched diene-vinyl pyridine copolymer, which is mainly obtained by copolymerization of branched diene and vinyl pyridine. The dithiol modified copolymer provided by the application has a main chain composed of flexible branched diene units, which endows the copolymer with a good elastic skeleton structure; vinyl pyridine is introduced as a functional monomer, so that a pyridine group is formed on the side chain of the copolymer; a dithiol compound introduces a thiol group (-SH) to the copolymer, and finally, the dithiol modified copolymer has a flexible main chain structure, and the side chain simultaneously contains a pyridine group and a thiol group, and has good elasticity and functional characteristics.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biosensors, and provides molecularly imprinted hydrogel for sarcosine detection, a micro-strain conduction sensor and a preparation method of the micro-strain conduction sensor. The hydrogel is prepared by the following steps: carrying out photo-initiation polymerization on a gel pre-polymerization solution containing a 4-vinylpyridine monomer, a 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, an acrylamide monomer, sarcosine template molecules, a cross-linking agent and a photoinitiator, and washing to remove the sarcosine template molecules. The micro strain conduction sensor is composed of a hydrogel layer and a resistance strain gauge, and the hydrogel layer is chemically bonded to one side of the resistance strain gauge and completely covers sensitive grid wires of the resistance strain gauge. The hydrogel disclosed by the invention has excellent specific recognition capability on sarcosine, and high-sensitivity and high-selectivity detection of sarcosine in a complex matrix sample can be realized through the micro strain conduction sensor disclosed by the invention.

The invention relates to the technical field of block copolymer materials, in particular to a preparation method of a polystyrene-vinylpyridine block copolymer composite membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a polyvinyl pyridine macromolecular chain transfer agent, then preparing a polystyrene-polyvinyl pyridine block copolymer, dissolving the synthesized polystyrene-polyvinyl pyridine block copolymer, spin-coating the surface of a microfiltration membrane with the dissolved polystyrene-polyvinyl pyridine block copolymer, and adjusting membrane-forming and pore-forming parameters, so that the block copolymer forms a continuous and uniform membrane layer on the surface of a base membrane; meanwhile, the interface is tightly combined with the base membrane. According to the method, high monomer conversion rate and narrow molecular weight distribution are achieved under the synergistic effect of the chain transfer agent and the free radical initiator, the polymerization activity is maintained by supplementing the initiator in different stages, and the polymerization efficiency is effectively improved.

The present application relates to the technical field of membrane separation, in particular to a PVDF ultrafiltration membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the PVDF is in-situ modified by copolymerization of vinylpyridine, hydroxy acrylate and vinylidene fluoride, so as to improve the hydrophilicity, heat resistance and flexibility of the PVDF; the dispersibility of titanium oxide and the compatibility with the modified PVDF are improved by multi-component modification of the titanium oxide; and then the modified PVDF, the modified titanium oxide and a pore-forming agent are used as raw materials to prepare the ultrafiltration membrane, so that the prepared PVDF ultrafiltration membrane has a high water treatment flux, and the mechanical property, anti-fouling property and stability of the PVDF ultrafiltration membrane are improved; the prepared PVDF ultrafiltration membrane has a good water treatment effect and a good application prospect.

The application provides a kind of polyamide acid salt, negative photosensitive polyimide and its preparation method and electronic product, it is related to microelectronic technology field.The structure general formula of polyamide acid salt is: the preparation method of polyamide acid salt includes: under the protection atmosphere, diamine monomer and dianhydride monomer are carried out first reaction to obtain polyamide acid solution, then join photosensitive vinylpyridine compound, and carry out second reaction to obtain the polyamide acid salt.The polyamide acid salt provided in the application is the core raw material for obtaining low dielectric, alkali developable negative photosensitive polyimide, and the obtained negative photosensitive polyimide has good thermal stability, mechanical property, lower dielectric constant and can be developed in alkaline solution.

Nanocomposites comprising nanoparticles, small molecules, and block copolymer (BCP)-based supramolecules are provided. The nanoparticles, small molecules, and BCP-based supramolecules self-assemble into a plurality of nanosheets that form a multilayer nanocomposite. The nanoparticles, small molecules, and BCP-based supramolecules can be Zr02, 3-pentadecylphenol (PDP), polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer (PDP) 1, respectively. b A method of producing a nanocomposite by contacting nanoparticles, small molecules, and BCP-based supramolecules with a solvent and drying to remove the solvent to allow self-assembly is also provided. The nanocomposites provided herein can be used as a barrier material against volatile organic compounds, water, oxygen, or electrons, and can be used as a coating on various substrates and as a packaging material, or as an optical material.

The present disclosure provides, as a film structure useful for a probe of a biosensor, a film structure comprising a detection layer including an analyte-responsive enzyme; and a protection film formed on the detection layer, in which the protection film includes a copolymer mixture including poly(styrene-ran-4-vinylpyridine-ran-propyleneglycol methacrylate); and poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(C1-15 alkyl methacrylate), or poly(4-vinylpyridine-ran-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate).

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant suspending agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The high-temperature-resistant suspending agent is prepared from raw material components including modified hectorite, olefin sulfonate and alkenyl polycyclic monomers through a polymerization reaction, the modified hectorite is hectorite modified by a silane coupling agent; the alkenyl polycyclic monomer is one or more of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-vinylpyridine, and the alkenyl polycyclic monomer is one or more of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, 5-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and 4-vinylpyridine; the olefin sulfonate is one or more of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium p-styrenesulfonate and sodium allysulfonate. The high-temperature-resistant suspending agent disclosed by the invention can be well dispersed in a water phase, is not easy to aggregate under high-temperature and high-salt conditions, is applied to the high-temperature-resistant water-based drilling fluid, can effectively enhance the suspension property of solid-phase particles in the drilling fluid, and ensures that the drilling fluid has good stability.

The application discloses a 2,4-dinitrophenol / Pb (II) double-template imprinted polymer adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. The double-template imprinted monolithic adsorbent is prepared by using in-situ polymerization technology, 2,4-dinitrophenol and Pb (II) are used as imprinting templates, 4-vinylpyridine and dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide are used as functional monomers. The functional monomers and the templates are effectively combined through hydrogen bond action and coordination action, and then a porogen and a crosslinking agent are added to react to form a polymer. The double templates are eluted, and a three-dimensional cavity structure with specific recognition function is left. The specific binding sites and shapes on the cavity are used to realize selective extraction of NP S and Pb (II). Meanwhile, the prepared double-template imprinted adsorbent has the advantages of simple operation, good permeability, low cost and wide application range, and therefore the double-template imprinted polymer monolithic adsorbent prepared by the application has good practical application value.

The invention provides a synthesis method of a 4-mercaptoethyl pyridine compound, which is characterized in that 4-vinylpyridine and potassium sulfide are used as raw materials, and a target product 4-mercaptoethyl pyridine is obtained under an acidic condition. The reaction method has the advantages of cheap and easily available initial raw materials, high yield, simplicity and very high industrial application value.

This invention relates to the field of energy storage materials technology, specifically disclosing a graft-modified polyethylene dielectric material, its preparation method, and its applications. The material is prepared by chemically grafting 1-(3-thiopropyl)-2-vinylpyridine betaine (SPV) into the polyethylene backbone. The pyridine rings in the SPV side groups, through their conjugated electron effect, introduce localized energy level structures into the nonpolar polyethylene matrix, forming distributed deep-trap charge-capturing regions. This significantly suppresses the migration and collisional ionization of charge carriers under high electric fields, effectively improving the material's breakdown field strength and high-field service stability. Simultaneously, the grafting modification method does not disrupt the regular arrangement of the polyethylene backbone, thus maintaining the inherent low dielectric loss, good flexibility, and processing performance of polyethylene. It is particularly suitable for the preparation of high-energy-density film capacitors and has broad application prospects in electrical equipment operating under extreme conditions such as new energy vehicles, aerospace, and smart grids.

This invention discloses a hydrogel-modified membrane and its preparation method. The preparation method of the hydrogel-modified membrane is as follows: under light-protected inert atmosphere, tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, vinylpyridine, and a photoinitiator are added to water and mixed to obtain a premixed solution. The premixed solution is then irradiated with low-intensity ultraviolet light to obtain a grafting modification solution. A polypropylene microporous membrane is then immersed in the grafting modification solution and irradiated with high-intensity ultraviolet light before the membrane is removed. The modified polypropylene microporous membrane is then washed with an organic solvent and water to obtain the hydrogel-modified membrane. This invention effectively solves the problem of easy degradation of tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate in water after ultraviolet irradiation by utilizing a prepolymerization reaction, making tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate applicable to the preparation of hydrophilic gel layers. The modified polypropylene microporous membrane prepared by this invention has high water flux and a small water contact angle, significantly improving the hydrophilicity of the polypropylene microporous membrane and expanding the application range of polypropylene membrane materials in aquatic environments.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a biochar composite material and a soil remediation method. Comprising the following steps: preparing a charcoal specific adsorption material; preparing an earthworm mucus adhesive; and compounding and granulating the biochar microorganisms. According to the preparation method, phenanthrene is taken as a template molecule, 4-vinylpyridine is taken as a functional monomer, charcoal is taken as a loading material, and the charcoal specific adsorption material capable of specifically recognizing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants is prepared through a pi-pi stacking effect between phenanthrene and 4-vinylpyridine; the biochar composite material is prepared by taking a biochar specific adsorption material as a loading material of a composite microbial agent, and can specifically adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in soil, so that microorganisms in the composite microbial agent can continuously degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants such as phenanthrene and pyrene in a large range, and the polluted soil is effectively repaired.

The application belongs to the technical field of paint preparation, and provides polyester resin powder paint with high salt mist corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof.The powder paint is composed of a carboxyl functional polyester resin, a hydroxyalkylamide curing agent and / or trisglycidyl isocyanurate to form a film forming system, and is matched with titanium dioxide, inorganic fillers, acrylate leveling agent, benzoin and wax powder;quaternary ammonium poly-p-vinyl pyridine microgel is introduced into the paint, and double-particle-size microcapsules are added;the microcapsule core layer contains hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, mercaptobenzothiazole corrosion inhibitor components, polycarbodiimide and phthalate plasticizer, the shell layer is a polyurea inner shell and a polydopamine outer shell and contains a disulfide bond structure, an epoxy silane hydrolysis and condensation layer is arranged on the outer layer and loads the microgel.

The utility model discloses a 2 -vinyl pyridine production is with batching device relates to 2 -vinyl pyridine production technical field, the utility model discloses a reaction kettle main part, the side and the bottom of reaction kettle main part are fixed with feed inlet and discharge gate respectively, the top of reaction kettle main part is provided with the central rotation hole. The utility model discloses through starting control motor, can drive hollow rotating shaft and stirring vane to and fro rotation, and the material in the reaction kettle main part is back and forth staggered stirring, and simultaneously, also can drive lengthened rotating shaft and spiral blade together rotation, the raw material in the reaction kettle bottom or discharge gate place is continuously conveyed upward, thereby can let material will be in the reaction kettle more complex and comprehensive stirring, fully breaks the flow dead zone that can exist in the reaction kettle, greatly enhanced the mixing effect of material, makes material can fully intermingled mixing, effectively improved the reaction rate and conversion rate of material, provides powerful guarantee for efficient production 2 -vinyl pyridine.

The present application belongs to the field of oilfield production aids, and relates to a preparation method of an in-situ phase change gel profile control oil displacement agent. The present application particularly relates to a method for preparing an in-situ phase change gel profile control oil displacement agent from allyl urea, vinyl pyridine, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido tetradecyl sulfonic acid and acrylamide. The present application prepares a quaternary copolymer from allyl urea, 2-acrylamido tetradecyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and acrylamide according to a molar ratio of 1:1:5:25 by free radical initiated aqueous solution polymerization; prepares a ternary copolymer from 4-vinyl pyridine, acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide according to a ratio of 1:5:25 by free radical initiated aqueous solution polymerization; and then mixes the prepared two polymer solid powders according to a ratio of 1:1 to prepare a variable phase gel profile control oil displacement agent. The profile control oil displacement agent has strong profile control water shutoff and oil displacement capacity, and the preparation process is reliable.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of 2-vinylpyridine, in particular to a preparation method of 2-vinylpyridine, which comprises the following steps: performing purity control and impurity removal on raw materials, and preparing a composite catalyst with specific loading capacity and pore size by roasting, dipping and drying processes; determining the molar ratio of the raw materials according to the loading capacity of the obtained catalyst, mixing the pretreated raw materials with the catalyst, and controlling the temperature and stirring parameters to activate surface active sites of the raw materials; and introducing the activated mixed material into a reactor filled with a catalyst according to a set volume space velocity. According to the preparation method of the 2-vinylpyridine, high-purity raw materials are selected, isomer impurities are removed, and the composite catalyst with specific loading capacity and pore diameter is matched, so that the reaction selectivity is greatly improved, and side reactions are reduced; a reaction and separation integrated reactive distillation tower is adopted, the thermodynamic equilibrium limitation is broken, and the dehydration reaction efficiency and the product yield are effectively improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a biochar composite material and a soil remediation method. The method comprises the following steps: preparation of a biochar specific adsorption material; preparation of a earthworm mucus adhesive; and compounding and granulation of biochar microorganisms. In the application, phenanthrene is used as a template molecule, 4-vinylpyridine is used as a functional monomer, and biochar is used as a loading material. Through the pi-pi stacking effect between phenanthrene and 4-vinylpyridine, the biochar specific adsorption material with specific recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants is prepared. The biochar specific adsorption material is used as a loading material of a composite microbial agent to prepare a biochar composite material. The biochar composite material can specifically adsorb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the soil, so that the microorganisms in the composite microbial agent can continuously degrade a large range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants such as phenanthrene and pyrene, and the contaminated soil is effectively remediated.

The application discloses a preparation method of a polymer modified spherical silica aerogel material. First, 3-(acryloyloxy)propyl-2-thiophene acrylate is synthesized through esterification and grafting reaction, and then is subjected to free radical polymerization with vinylpyridine under the action of an initiator and a chain transfer agent, and is subjected to proton acid doping and spray drying to obtain a conductive polymer. After hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate, the conductive polymer, phosphonated chitosan microspheres and a bridging agent are mixed, and pH and viscosity are adjusted to obtain a composite sol; after drop ball emulsification, gelation, ultrasonic template removal, gradient replacement and subcritical drying, the composite sol is subjected to pulse electrochemical doping and plasma annealing treatment. The prepared aerogel polymer has low charge transfer resistance and excellent conductivity, and has application potential in electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.

The present application relates to a method for detecting 3-vinylpyridine in tobacco pyrolysis volatile, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco smoke detection. The present application loads zero-dimensional organic-inorganic copper-based hybrid material (5-DQL-H)-CuI2 on a test paper, and places the test paper sheet in an air environment to be detected. As the concentration of smoke increases, the color of the paper-based fluorescent sensor changes from red to orange red, orange yellow, yellow, pink, and finally to blue. Within the range of 10-400 ppm, the green channel value (G / R) and the concentration of 3-vinylpyridine show a good linear relationship. By observing the color change with the naked eye, recording and extracting the RGB value with a smartphone camera, qualitative and quantitative detection of 3-vinylpyridine can be realized.

This application relates to a composite separator and its preparation method, and a secondary battery. The composite separator includes: a base membrane; and a functional layer disposed on at least one side of the surface of the base membrane. The functional layer includes ceramic materials and functional materials, wherein the functional material includes a vinylpyridine-grafted butadiene-styrene copolymer. The composite separator provided by this application utilizes the excellent bonding properties and transition metal ion adsorption properties of the vinylpyridine-grafted butadiene-styrene copolymer. On the one hand, it acts as a binder to achieve good dispersion and adhesion between ceramic materials, improving the peel strength between the base membrane and the functional layer. On the other hand, it can complex transition metal ions, reducing damage to the SEI membrane and improving the cycle performance of the battery. Therefore, this application eliminates the need for additional binders and complexing substances, thereby improving the uniformity of the functional layer, reducing the thickness of the functional layer, and improving the air permeability of the composite separator.

The application provides a high-temperature-resistant and quick-dissolving fracturing fluid thickening agent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well fracturing, and comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, octadecyl methacrylate, pAMPS, an ammonium sulfate solution and 4-vinylpyridine propyl sulfobetaine, adding an additive, adjusting the pH value to 5.0-5.5, adding azobisdimethylaminoformamide hydrochloride to continue the reaction, washing, separating, vacuum drying to obtain a high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant copolymer powder; adding the high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant copolymer powder into deionized water and mechanically stirring, adding malt dextrin, sodium citrate and a hydrophilic additive into the deionized water in sequence under continuous stirring, continuing to stir, sieving, spray drying and granulating to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and quick-dissolving fracturing fluid thickening agent. The application can improve the high-temperature-resistant performance and the dissolution rate.

The embodiment of the specification provides an aromatic molecule imprinting material and a preparation method thereof, an aromatic molecule high-selectivity electrochemical sensor and a preparation method thereof, and application of the aromatic molecule high-selectivity electrochemical sensor in detection of dangerous solid waste aromatic molecules. Specifically, the aromatic molecule imprinting material is obtained by taking one molecule selected from toluene or ethylbenzene or dimethylbenzene or chlorobenzene as a template molecule and a porogen, taking 4-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer, taking ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent, taking azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, removing the template molecule after reaction, and further preparing the aromatic molecule high-selectivity electrochemical sensor based on the aromatic molecule imprinting material. The gas sensor method prepared in the embodiment of the specification is simpler, can realize high-selectivity identification of the aromatic molecule at room temperature, has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, easy integration, simple and efficient detection method, wide detection range, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a magnetic lead ion imprinted polymer material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic ion imprinted materials. According to the method, 1, 3, 5-tri (4-aminophenyl) benzene and 2, 5-divinyl-1, 4-phthalaldehyde are adopted as monomers, and the magnetic COF material with high porosity is successfully constructed on the surface of Fe3O4 (at) SiO2 (at) KH-570 through Schiff base reaction. A magnetic COF material is used as a substrate, through a surface imprinting strategy, double bonds on the surface of the magnetic COF material and vinylpyridine are subjected to an ion imprinting polymerization reaction, and the ion imprinting-magnetic covalent organic framework material (MCOF (at) IIP) is prepared. The method has the advantages of being simple and rapid to operate, mild in reaction condition and easy to control, and the prepared product is high in porosity, good in stability and high in adsorption selectivity and has wide application prospects in the aspects of adsorption removal and extraction separation of heavy metal ions.

The invention relates to the technical field of sulfide all-solid-state batteries, in particular to a dynamic self-adaptive lithium-conducting network binder for a sulfide all-solid-state battery, which comprises a triblock copolymer and a dynamic cross-linking agent, the triblock copolymer comprises a polybutadiene chain segment, a poly (4-vinylpyridine) chain segment and a poly (itaconic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate) chain segment, wherein the polybutadiene chain segment is prepared by polymerizing butadiene; the poly (4-vinylpyridine) chain segment is prepared by polymerizing 4-vinylpyridine; the dynamic cross-linking agent is one or two of 1, 4-benzene diboronic acid and p-benzene diboronic acid pinacol ester. In the preparation process, each functional chain segment of the binder respectively provides strong coordination bonds, ion conduction capability and thermoplasticity, and meanwhile, borate bonds provide a dynamic network, so that high binding power, strong ion conduction capability, interface reaction resistance, flexibility self-adaption and machinability are synergistically provided.

A method of forming a microelectronic structure on a substrate is disclosed. The method includes applying an underlayer forming composition to an uppermost intermediate layer of a lithography stack, if present, or to the substrate to form an underlayer. The underlayer forming composition includes a pre-ionic compound that generates an ionic compound, moiety, or both during post-application bake. The pre-ionic compound can include, for example, a copolymer having glycidyl methacrylate and 4-vinylpyridine. An EUV-sensitive photoresist comprising a metal-oxide is applied directly on an upper surface of the underlayer. EUV lithography is then performed. This method can be used to achieve dose reduction compared to prior art methods of EUV lithography using metal-oxide containing photoresists. Various underlayer forming compositions for performing EUV lithography using a metal-oxide-containing resist are also disclosed.

The present application discloses an aromatic silver functionalized hydrogel, a preparation method therefor, and a use thereof. Vinylpyridine carboxybetaine and vinylpyridine sulfobetaine are both zwitterions. It is proved by experiments that the two zwitterions can play a synergistic role in a hydrogel, so that the hydrogel containing the two zwitterions has better wound healing ability, and the performance of the hydrogel far exceeds that of a hydrogel containing only a single zwitterion. Silver nanowires significantly improve the conductivity of the hydrogel and facilitate wound healing; moreover, the strong antimicrobial characteristics thereof facilitate preventing wound infection and maintaining a sterile healing environment. The highly fibrillated property of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) greatly enhances the mechanical properties and structural stability of the hydrogel.