68results about "Magnesium halides" patented technology

A method for producing a nitride semiconductor, comprising controlling temperature and pressure in a autoclave containing a seed having a hexagonal crystal structure, a nitrogen element-containing solvent, a raw material substance containing a metal element of Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and a mineralizer so as to put said solvent into a supercritical state and/or a subcritical state and thereby ammonothermally grow a nitride semiconductor crystal on the surface of said seed, wherein the crystal growth rate in the m-axis direction on said seed is 1.5 times or more the crystal growth rate in the c-axis direction on said seed. By the method, a nitride semiconductor having a large-diameter C plane or a nitride semiconductor thick in the m-axis direction can be efficiently and simply produced.

The invention generally relates to methods of selectively removing lithium from various liquids, methods of producing high purity lithium carbonate, methods of producing high purity lithium hydroxide, and methods of regenerating resin.

A process for preparing the low-Mg high-Li bitter from the raw bittern of salt lake includes sunning the raw bittern in salt pan and one-stage or multi-stage electric dialyzing by use of selective ion exchange membrane.

A positive electrode active material includes: a particle including a lithium composite oxide; a first layer that is provided on a surface of the particle and includes a lithium composite oxide; and a second layer that is provided on a surface of the first layer. The lithium composite oxide included in the particle and the lithium composite oxide included in the first layer have the same composition or almost the same composition, the second layer includes an oxide or a fluoride, and the lithium composite oxide included in the first layer has lower crystallinity than the lithium composite oxide included in the particle.

An electric power generating unit comprising (i) an ammonia storage device in the form of a container comprising an ammonia absorbing and releasing salt of the general formula: Ma(NH₃)_nX_z, wherein M is one or more cations selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals such as Li, K, Mg, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, X is one or more anions selected from fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, thiocyanate, sulphate, molybdate, phosphate, and chlorate ions, a is the number of cations per salt molecule, Z is the number of anions per salt molecule, and n is the coordination number of 2 to 12. (ii) means for heating said container and ammonia absorbing and releasing salt for releasing ammonia gas and (iiia) a fuel cell for converting ammonia directly into electric power; or (iiib1) a reactor for dissociating ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen and (iiib2) a fuel cell for converting hydrogen into electric power is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for is useful for large stationary energy producing facilities, but also for use for small rechargeable and/or replaceable power supply units for micro-fabricated or miniaturized ammonia decomposition reactors for use in mobile units and portable devices may be used for large energy producing facilities, and by use of small rechargeable and/or replaceable ammonia storage decomposition reactors, it is also possible to provide energy for mobile units and portable devices.

Alkaline or neutral viscoelastic cleaning compositions are disclosed which use non polymer thickening agents. According to the invention, cleaning compositions have been developed using viscoelastic surfactants in a neutral, acidic or alkaline cleaning formulations. These provide the dual benefit of thickening as well as an additional cleaning, thereby improving performance. Applicants have also identified several pseudo linking agents which when, used with viscoelastic surfactants provide viscoelasticity in alkaline cleaning compositions.

A method of producing metal chlorides is disclosed in which chlorine gas is introduced into liquid Cd. CdCl₂ salt is floating on the liquid Cd and as more liquid CdCl₂ is formed it separates from the liquid Cd metal and dissolves in the salt. The salt with the CdCl₂ dissolved therein contacts a metal which reacts with CdCl₂ to form a metal chloride, forming a mixture of metal chloride and CdCl₂. After separation of bulk Cd from the salt, by gravitational means, the metal chloride is obtained by distillation which removes CdCl₂ and any Cd dissolved in the metal chloride.

The present invention relates to a method for making pure salt comprises recapturing post-drilling flowback water from hydro-fracturing; removing oil from the flowback water; filtering the flowback water using an ultra filter with a pore size of about 0.1 microns or less to remove solid particulates and large organic molecules, such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene, from the water; concentrating the flowback water to produce a brine that contains from about 15 wt % to about 40 wt % of salt relative to the total weight of the flowback brine; performing one or more chemical precipitation process using an effective amount of reagents to precipitate out the desired high quality commercial products, such as, barium sulfate, strontium carbonate, calcium carbonate; and crystallizing the chemically treated and concentrated flowback brine to produce greater than 99.5% pure salt products, such as sodium and calcium chloride.

A method for producing halide brine wherein an alkali and a reducing agent are added to an aqueous fluid having a density greater than 8.30 lb/gal., (0.996 kg/L) water, waste water or sea water for example. The resulting fluid is then contacted with a halogen to form a halide brine. The reaction occurs in a conventional reactor such as a mixing tank.

A method of treating solid containing material derived from effluent or sludge from a plant for de-inking paper, the material containing calcium in the form of one or more insoluble calcium compounds, the method including the steps of treating the material with an acid to cause dissolution of the calcium thereby forming a calcium ion-containing solution in which insoluble solids are suspended, separating the solution from the insoluble solids and incinerating the separated solids. The solution containing calcium ions may be treated by adding one or more reagents to form a calcium compound precipitate, eg calcium carbonate. The particulate solids produced following the incineration step and following the precipitate formation may be employed as pigments or fillers in paper making or paper coating.

The invention discloses a high-pollution low-density recycling and utilizing method of waste acid, which is characterized by the following: adding the waste water with sulphuric acid into inorganic salt MX to react with sulphuric acid after multi-effective concentration and filtering to remove impurity; generating with gas and acid composite salt; utilizing the acid composite salt or refining and separating through neutralizing, removing impurity and decoloring. The X in the halogenated salt is Cl-or Br-and M is cation to form soluble sulfate with sulfuric radical. The invention modifies and improves the disposing method to recycle and utilize low-density waste acid, which saves waste water disposing cost to provide a new resource integrated concept.

A process for producing inorganic fine grains in a definite form having a small grain size, the inorganic fine grains obtained by this process, a rare earth element-activated barium fluorohalide fluorescent substance made using the grains, and a radiation image conversion panel with a layer of the fluorescent substance. The process features adding, to a solution containing an inorganic compound, a solid matter substantially insoluble in the solution, promoting crystallization or precipitation in the solution to form crystal or precipitate, and separating out the resulting crystal or precipitate. The inorganic fine grains produced by this process are represented by the formula BaFI:xLn (Ln represents at least one of Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Nd, Er, Tm and Yb, and 0<x.ltoreq.0.2), have a cubic form and have a volume-average grain size of 1 to 10 .mu.m.

Methods of enhancing the solubility of a fluorinated compound in an organic solvent are provided. In one embodiment, carbon dioxide gas pressure is applied to the solvent at a pressure effective to enhance the solubility of the fluorinated compound. The method may further include recrystallizing the fluorinated compound by reducing the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas. Also provided are methods of conducting a reaction using a fluorinated compound in an organic solvent In one embodiment, the method comprises applying carbon dioxide pressure to an organic solvent comprising at least one substrate and a fluorinated catalyst, in an effective amount to solubilize the catalyst; and permitting the fluorinated catalyst to catalyze the reaction of the substrate to form a product. The catalyst is optionally separated from the reaction product and solvent after the reaction by the release of the pressure.

A solid material is presented for the partial oxidation of natural gas. The solid material includes a solid oxygen carrying agent and a hydrocarbon activation agent. The material precludes the need for gaseous oxygen for the partial oxidation and provides better control over the reaction.

A method of dividing single crystals, particularly of plates of parts thereof, is proposed, which can comprise: pre-adjusting the crystallographic cleavage plane (2′) relative to the cleavage device, setting a tensional intensity (K) by means of tensional fields (3′, 4′), determining an energy release rate G(α) in dependence from a possible deflection angle (α) from the cleavage plane (2′) upon crack propagation, controlling the tensional fields (3′, 4′) such that the crack further propagates in the single crystal, wherein G(0)≧2γ_e(0) and simultaneously at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: