285 results about "Gaseous oxygen" patented technology

The invention provides improved electrodes for electrolytic cells operating with molten salt electrolytes. Nonconsumable iridium-based anodes of the invention facilitate the release of gaseous oxygen from oxide-containing melts, for example in the electro-chemical production of liquid or gaseous reactive metals from oxides. Cathode substrates of the invention are constructed of a tungsten-based alloy and enable deposition of an overlying liquid-metal cathode. Incorporation of the anode and cathode substrate of the invention into molten-oxide cells establishes a novel method for electrolytic extraction of titanium and other reactive metals.

A bio-artificial organ system is provided comprising a wall surrounding a space which has a solid support for cell cultivation. The space includes a there dimensional matrix in the form of a highly porous sheet or mat and including a physiologically acceptable network of fibers or an open-pore foam structure; hydrophobic hollow fibers permeable to gaseous oxygen or gaseous carbon dioxide evenly distributed through the three dimensional matrix material and arranged in parallel running from one end of the matrix material to the other end of the matrix material. Cells obtained from organs are present in the extra fiber space for culture wherein the cells are provided with sufficient oxygenation and are maintained as small aggregates with three dimensional attachment.

A lithium-oxygen electrochemical cell of the invention comprises a lithium-containing anode, an oxygen-permeable cathode, a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a lithium salt in a non-aqueous liquid between the anode and the cathode, and a source of gaseous oxygen in fluid communication with the cathode; the cathode comprising an oxygen-permeable support bearing carbon nanotubes having at least one open end. In some embodiments, the cell is rechargeable and the cathode includes a nanoparticulate catalyst in contact with the carbon nanotubes; wherein the catalyst is adapted to facilitate the reversible interconversion between oxygen gas and an oxygen anion e.g., oxide ion, peroxide ion, or a combination thereof, during charge and discharge of the cell.

The invention relates to a method and to a plant for producing high-purity oxygen, said method comprising a chemical loop wherein circulates a fluidized bed material having the capacity to release gaseous oxygen through oxygen partial pressure lowering, at a temperature ranging between 400° C. and 700° C. The oxygen thus produced can be used in applications such as oxycombustion methods, production of syngas under pressure or FCC catalyst regeneration.

A valve apparatus especially well-suited for use in gaseous oxygen delivery systems. A valve apparatus is provided that substantially reduces the risk of fire in high-pressure oxygen systems. The apparatus is particularly well-suited for use as a plug valve on ordinary cylinder containers, but may be beneficially used in any pressurized gas system, particularly oxygen systems such as those encountered in many industrial facilities. The wetted portion of the valve is isolated from threaded portions to prevent particulate contamination of the gas stream. The valve seat is located to protect it from direct impact of high-velocity gas streams. The inventive valve, and its associated inventive check-filter and excess-flow prevention features, reduces the potential for hazardous combustion at valve points within oxygen delivery systems.

The invention uses a feed of atmospheric air and mixes the air with hydrogen. The hydrogen and air mixture is fed into a catalytic reactor where a deoxygenation reaction occurs. The deoxygenation reaction uses a platinum catalyst to produce water from oxygen and hydrogen. The nitrogen passes through the catalytic reactor without reacting with the hydrogen, the oxygen, or the water. The water is separated from the nitrogen in a dryer. The nitrogen may then be used in drilling and production operations. The water is fed into an electrolyzer where an electrolysis reaction occurs. The electrolyzer passes an electrical current through the water to produce gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The hydrogen is recycled back to the catalytic reactor and the oxygen may be vented or sold.

This invention relates to method of forming a thin film on a substrate in a reaction chamber by an atomic layer deposition process comprising a plurality of individual cycles. The plurality of individual cycles comprise at least two groupings of individual cycles. The individual cycles comprise (i) introducing a gaseous metal containing precursor into the reaction chamber and exposing the substrate to the gaseous metal containing precursor, wherein at least a portion of the metal containing precursor is chemisorbed onto the surface of the substrate to form a monolayer thereon, (ii) stopping introduction of the metal containing precursor and purging the volume of the reaction chamber; (iii) introducing a gaseous oxygen source compound into the reaction chamber and exposing the monolayer to the gaseous oxygen source compound, wherein at least a portion of the oxygen source compound chemically reacts with the monolayer; and (iv) stopping introduction of the oxygen source compound and purging the volume of the reaction chamber. The method involves repeating the individual cycles until a thin film of desired thickness is obtained. The method also involves carrying out at least two groupings of individual cycles at different process conditions. The methods are useful for producing a thin film on a semiconductor substrate, particularly metal containing thin films for electrode applications in microelectronics.

A sterilization system for PET containers and bottles including at least one electron flow generator 1, a scan gun 2 and at least one target 4 preferably made of heavy metal, so that when a part of the electron radiation hits said target a reflected X ray radiation is generated, which contributes to the sterilization of the containers. A certain amount of liquid or gaseous oxygen which upon collision with the electron radiation is converted to ozone is also exposed to the radiation, thus further contributing to the sterilization.

The invention relates to a process a process for forming single-mode, organic waveguides employing organic polymeric materials. The process reduces dissolved and gaseous oxygen content to very low quantities, resulting in production of waveguides having superior properties and manufacturability. Also provided is a process for preventing loss of light due to cores having flared ends. A waveguide is produced by sequentially a layer of a liquid, photosensitive buffer and clad composition to a surface of a substrate; deoxygenating under vacuum; overall exposing under an inert gas actinic radiation to partially polymerize the compositions below a full curing. Coating a photosensitive core composition to the clad composition; deoxygenating under vacuum, covering with an inert gas atmosphere; positioning a photomask above, but not in contact with the core layer; imagewise exposing the core through a photomask pattern to actinic radiation to partially polymerize the core composition; developing core; coating a photosensitive overclad composition over the image areas of the core composition; deoxygenating under vacuum; overall exposing the overclad composition, under inert gas to actinic radiation to substantially fully cure the optional buffer composition, the underclad composition, the core composition and the clad composition.

The invention provides a gaseous hydrogen/gaseous oxygen eddy current cooling thrust chamber injector, which comprises an injector head, a turbulent flow disc, an injection panel, a combustion chamber, a gaseous oxygen injection ring and an injection pipe. The injector has a simple structure, and a gaseous oxygen nozzle inclines upwards along the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber, so that the stability of external eddy current and the cooling effect are improved; the problem that the cooling effect is unsatisfactory because the wall surface temperature of the combustion chamber is high is solved; and the gaseous hydrogen/gaseous oxygen eddy current cooling thrust chamber injector can be applied to a thrust chamber with the thrust of 3,000N and the pressure of the combustion chamber of 2MPa.

The present invention provides a body accessory which can formed into a ring shape, comprising a silicone elastomer body having a silicone elastomer layer mixed with fine titanium powder, which contains titanium powder obtained by burning a gaseous oxygen-hydrogen mixture in high-pressure water, fusing metallic titanium using the resultant burning gas and precipitating the product in water at least as a major component, on the skin contacting side and the silicone elastomer decorative continuous protrusion on the exterior side. The present invention also provides a process for manufacturing the body accessory, which comprises a silicone elastomer accessory body having a silicone elastomer layer mixed with fine titanium powder on the skin contacting side and a silicone elastomer decorative continuous protrusion on the exterior side and can be made into a ring, said process comprising the first step of forming a continuous concavity on a silicone elastomer accessory body; the next step of embedding a silicone elastomer layer containing fine titanium powder; the further step of separately forming a silicone elastomer decorative continuous protrusion; and the final step of placing the accessory body thus obtained on said decorative continuous protrusion and curing with heat for integration.

An electrochemical device and method can include techniques involving bipolar membrane electrolysis to transform an input product into an output product. Some embodiments can include a gas-diffusion electrode as a cathode, a bipolar membrane configured to facilitate autodissociation, and an anode that can be configured as a liquid-electrolyte style electrode or a gas-diffusion electrode. In some embodiments the electrochemical device can be configured as a CO₂ electrolyzer that is designed to utilize input product including carbon dioxide gas and water to generate output products that can include gaseous carbon monoxide or other reduction products of carbon dioxide and gaseous oxygen or the oxidation products of a depolarizer such as hydrogen, methane, or methanol. Embodiments can be utilized in the production of fuels or feedstocks for fuels and carbon-containing chemicals, in air purification systems, flue gas treatment devices, and other machines and facilities.

An apparatus, including an internal combustion engine; for powering the engine the apparatus produces hydrogen fuel from water, and comprises water supply means; fuel storage means; controlling means; a collector, receiving combustion products output from engine's operation; a transformer, utilizing thermo-impact of the combustion products and converting supplied water into ionized hydrogen and oxygen; an ion divider electrically separating hydrogen and oxygen ions into gaseous hydrogen, further directed into the fuel storage means and controllably fed substantially into engine's cylinders, and gaseous oxygen; exhaust means outputting exhaust products from the collector into the atmosphere, on their way out heating water in the water supply means. The fuel storage means contain initial hydrogen or another predetermined fuel. Electrolyzer means are provided to supplement hydrogen and oxygen ions production. Recommended temperature and parts size ranges for six- and eight-cylinder engines are disclosed. A truck engine usable embodiment is also illustrated and described.

A non-carbon, metal-based high temperature resistant anode of a cell for the production of aluminium has a metal-based substrate coated with one or more electrically conductive adherent applied layers, at least one electrically conductive layer being electrochemically active. The electrochemically active layer contains one or more electrocatalysts fostering the oxidation of oxygen ions as well as fostering the formation of biatomic molecular gaseous oxygen to inhibit ionic and/or monoatomic oxygen attack of the metal-based substrate. The electrocatalyst can be iridium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, silicon, tin, zinc, Mischmetal oxides and metals of the Lanthanide series. The applied layer may further comprise electrochemically active constituents from oxides, oxyfluorides, phosphides, carbides, in particular spinels such as ferrites.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing steel ingots through ultra-supercritical steam turbine blade steel electro-slag remelting. Specifically, a smelting method adopting an electric-arc furnace, LF,VOD/VHD, double-supporting-arm electro-slag furnace remelting is adopted, components Si, Al and B of a consumable electrode is strictly controlled, the adding amount of Al powder or Fe-Si powder mixture is strictly controlled in the electro-slag slagging process, the oxidation burning loss of elements in the electro-slag remelting process is reduced by evenly and strictly controlling the adding amounts of the Al powder and the Fe-Si powder in a slag bath in the remelting process of the consumable electrode, and even and uniform integral chemical components, gaseous oxygen content and purity degree of electro-slag ingots are ensured. The method is suitable for smelting of common electro-slag furnaces, device input is reduced, and smelting cost is reduced. The low-Si, low-Al ultra-supercritical steam turbine blade steel gaseous oxygen content obtained by means of the method is smaller than or equal to 30*106, and non-metallic inclusions conform to assessment stipulations of ASTM E45 standard A law and accordingly meets the blade steel purity degree requirement for an ultra-supercritical steam turbine.

The invention discloses a novel ternary composite cathode material for a medium and low temperature solid oxide fuel cell, which comprises an oxygen ion conductor oxide, an electronic-oxygen ion mixed conductor oxide and an oxygen catalytic reduction active matter. The material is characterized in that: the cathode material taking perovskite structured oxygen ion and electronic mixed conductor as the main body has the main function of catalytically reducing the gaseous oxygen at the surface as oxygen ions and transmitting the oxygen ions in an manner of bulk phase to the interface between an electrolyte and the cathode; the conductivity of the oxygen ions is improved by adding the oxygen ion conductor, thereby improving the bulk phase transmission speed of the oxygen ions; the speed of the surface oxygen exchange of the cathode material is obviously increased by adding the oxygen catalytic reduction active matter, thereby greatly enhancing the catalytic activity of the surface oxygen of the cathode material. All effective components of the ternary composite cathode material are synthesized by adopting nitrate by an EDTA-citric acid complex method. Shown in single cell tests, the ternary composite cathode material shows not only excellent comprehensive performance but also excellent compatibility among all the effective components.

An abrasive blasting device provides for both “cold” and “hot” processing. It includes a nozzle gun, an abrasive vessel, a batcher, an ejection-type mixer, a fuel tank, and a receiver. The nozzle gun includes a combustion chamber (108), a tubular element (114) for air/abrasive mixture feeding, a nozzle (128), swirlers of the fuel blend (122) and of gaseous oxidant (124). The combustion chamber (108) at a perforated wall area (110) has variable cross-section. The batcher includes independent regulation of a seat position with respect to a position of a slide-valve rod, and abrasive loosening and blow purging.