165 results about "Chemisorption" patented technology

The invention relates to an iodine-loaded positive electrode for a zinc-iodine battery and a preparation method and application of the iodine-loaded positive electrode, and belongs to the technical field of positive electrode materials for zinc-iodine batteries. The preparation method of the iodine-loaded positive electrode for the zinc-iodine battery comprises the following steps: mixing an iodine-loaded carbon material, conductive carbon black, a polysaccharide binder and deionized water in proportion, grinding into slurry, uniformly coating a current collector with the slurry, and drying to obtain the iodine-loaded positive electrode for the zinc-iodine battery. As the polysaccharide binder is rich in a large number of active functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl and the like), dissolution of active iodine and a shuttle effect of polyiodide can be inhibited through a chemical adsorption effect, corrosion to a zinc negative electrode caused by attenuation of battery capacity and shuttle of the polyiodide is avoided, and the polysaccharide binder has a good application prospect in the zinc-iodine battery.

The invention discloses a copper-nickel monatomic catalyst based on an MXene carrier and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of catalysts.The copper-nickel monatomic catalyst comprises the MXene carrier, a copper-nickel monatomic active component is loaded on the MXene carrier, and the MXene carrier is coated with a nitrogen-doped carbon layer; wherein the content of the copper-nickel monatomic active component is 0.2-1.5 wt%, and the molar ratio of copper to nickel in the copper-nickel monatomic active component is (1: 0.3)-(1: 1.2); and the content of the nitrogen-doped carbon coating layer is 7-10 wt%. The copper-nickel monatomic catalyst does not contain toxic chromium metal, an MXene / copper-nickel monatomic / nitrogen-doped carbon layer ternary composite system is adopted, a few-layer MXene carrier provides rich surface active sites, copper-nickel monatomic active components are anchored through chemical adsorption, a dehydrogenation active center of copper atoms and a cyclization active center of nickel atoms have a synergistic effect, and the catalytic activity of the copper-nickel monatomic catalyst is improved. The oxidation resistance and the stability of the catalyst are remarkably improved through coating of the nitrogen-doped carbon layer, the technical bottlenecks of low activity, short service life and heavy pollution of a traditional catalyst are overcome, and an efficient solution is provided for green synthesis of lactone.

The invention relates to the technical field of fabric drying, and discloses uniform drying equipment for fabric processing, which comprises a feeding machine, a drying table is mounted outside the feeding machine, and a water molecule decomposition assembly is arranged in the drying table. The water molecule decomposition assembly comprises a plurality of drying rollers linearly arranged in the drying table at equal intervals and a drying bidirectional lead screw, through rotation of the drying bidirectional lead screw, the two-side flattening effect can be provided for the fabric, the deformation problems of wrinkles, distortion and the like are effectively avoided, air circulation can be driven during rotation, and more importantly, the water molecule decomposition assembly can be used for drying the fabric. Under the irradiation of an ultraviolet irradiation lamp, the surfaces of the drying roller and the drying bidirectional screw rod are subjected to a photocatalytic reaction: ultraviolet rays excite titanium dioxide to generate electron-hole pairs, holes react with water adsorbed on the surfaces to generate hydroxyl radicals with strong oxidizing property, and the hydroxyl radicals destroy hydrogen bonds or chemical adsorption between fabric fibers and water molecules, so that the fabric fibers are dried. The affinity of fibers to water is reduced, so that water is easier to separate from the surfaces of the fibers.

This invention discloses a zinc-iodine battery and an electrode carrier that can simultaneously suppress polyiodine ion shuttle and regulate zinc deposition behavior, wherein the electrode carrier is Cu. + Coordinated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (Cu-PEDOT), via a solvothermal method, to convert Cu... + It was prepared by coordinating with S atoms in the PEDOT framework. I₂ was loaded onto this support as the positive electrode, and Zn was electrochemically deposited as the negative electrode to assemble a battery. The atomically monodisperse Cu in this invention... + It not only enhances the chemisorption of polyiodides as a Lewis active site, but also significantly reduces I... ‑ / I 0 Conversion energy barrier, accelerates reaction kinetics and suppresses shuttle effect; at the same time, Cu + The zinc-affinity property of the substrate reduces the Zn nucleation overpotential, guides Zn to deposit uniformly along the (002) crystal plane, and suppresses dendrites. Zinc-iodine batteries based on this substrate exhibit excellent rate performance and ultra-long cycle stability, and achieve dendrite-free negative electrode growth even under high depth-of-discharge conditions. This invention solves the problem of simultaneous multi-iodide shuttle in the positive electrode and zinc dendrite growth in the negative electrode using a single substrate, significantly improving the energy density and cycle life of the battery.

The present invention relates to the technical field of electrode materials, and specifically to a wide-temperature-range high-iodine-loaded positive electrode material, a preparation method thereof, and a zinc-iodine battery. Activated carbon and iodine element are mixed and then subjected to a heat treatment to sublime the iodine element and embed it into the activated carbon, thereby obtaining iodine-loaded carbon black I2@CB; gelatin and acetic acid solution are mixed to obtain a gelatin binder solution; iodine-loaded carbon black I2@CB, a conductive agent, and the gelatin binder solution are mixed to obtain an iodine positive electrode slurry; the iodine positive electrode slurry is coated on a stainless steel mesh and dried to obtain a wide-temperature-range high-iodine-loaded positive electrode material. The wide-temperature-range high-iodine-loaded positive electrode material prepared by the present invention effectively suppresses the problems of active iodine dissolution and polyiodide shuttling by utilizing the active functional groups of gelatin in the gelatin binder solution, such as peptide bonds, carboxyl groups, and amino groups, to restrain active iodine and chemically adsorb polyiodides.

A method for inhibiting corrosion of a metal article in contact with a solution including an acid includes adding to the solution a corrosion inhibitor in an amount of 1 to 500 parts per million (ppm) based on the total number of parts by mass of the solution, thereby adsorbing the corrosion inhibitor onto the surface of the metal article via at least one interaction to form a barrier layer in the form of a composite. The at least one interaction comprises a physisorption, a chemisorption, and a retro donation. The corrosion inhibitor has a formula (I)where n is any integer from 8 to 21 inclusive and R1, R2, R3, R4, and Rs are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, and an optionally substituted alkoxy.

The application provides a doped rare earth oxide / carbon nanotube functional diaphragm for a battery and a preparation method thereof. 2‑x The functional diaphragm comprises a diaphragm base and a functional layer laid on one side surface of the diaphragm base, wherein the functional layer is composed of a lanthanum-doped cerium oxide / carbon nanotube (La-CeO 2‑x / CNT) composite material. In the functional diaphragm, the hydroxylated carbon nanotubes are interwoven to form a conductive network, which can not only physically block the migration of polysulfides but also construct a continuous electron transmission channel; the La doping causes the lattice distortion of CeO2 and promotes the generation of oxygen vacancies, thereby enhancing the chemical adsorption capacity of polysulfides and accelerating the conversion reaction kinetics, and further inhibiting the shuttle effect of lithium-sulfur batteries. The lithium-sulfur battery assembled based on the La-CeO 2‑x / CNT functional diaphragm exhibits high specific capacity, excellent rate performance and long cycle stability.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a negative electrode slurry and a preparation method thereof, a negative electrode pole piece and a lithium battery, an auxiliary agent is added into the negative electrode slurry, the auxiliary agent at least contains an alkane group and a first group, the alkane group and an anchoring group capable of performing physical / chemical adsorption on the surface of an active material, and the first group is a second group capable of performing physical / chemical adsorption on the surface of the active material. The first group can form a hydrogen bond with carboxyl in the polyacrylic acid binder, so that the interface bonding force between the polyacrylic acid binder and the active material is remarkably enhanced, the hydrogen bond condensation between molecular chains of the polyacrylic acid binder can be effectively blocked by the steric hindrance effect of the polyacrylic acid binder, and the tendency of agglomeration in a material system is inhibited; therefore, a uniform and stable coating layer is formed on the surface of the active material.

This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a self-assembled monolayer based on a fluorinated alcohol solvent, its preparation method, and a solar cell. The method involves adding a fluorinated alcohol as a co-solvent to a solution of the self-assembled monolayer material, which is then deposited onto the surface of a metal oxide electrode to construct a hole transport layer. The hydroxyl groups of the fluorinated alcohol can form hydrogen bonds with the phosphorus-oxygen double bonds in the phosphonic acid groups, reducing the electron density of the phosphorus atoms and thus weakening the chemisorption barrier of the self-assembled monolayer on the electrode surface, promoting the formation of a uniform and dense monolayer film. The resulting interface layer effectively suppresses interface defects and promotes hole extraction. Organic solar cells prepared using this method exhibit excellent performance in terms of energy conversion efficiency, stability, and large-area processing adaptability. This invention features a simple process, low cost, and good reproducibility, and has promising prospects for industrial application.

Hydrogenation reactions are catalyzed by driving charged particles (e.g., an electric current or particle beam) into and / or through a catalytic material so as to deliver energy for hydrogenation of one or more compounds chemisorbed by the catalytic material. The energy provided by the charged particles may be adjusted (e.g., based on a measured temperature and / or pressure associated with the reaction) to maintain a desired reaction temperature and / or prevent overheating of the reaction. In one example, hydrogen loading of the catalytic material (e.g., via electrolysis) enhances reaction rates. A wide variety of organic and inorganic reactants are contemplated for applications in food, energy production and storage (e.g., fossil-fuels, bio-fuels, petrochemicals, fuel cells), pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, as well as environmental applications (e.g., wastewater treatment, emissions reduction, carbon capture and sequestration).

Provided is a display panel, comprising a flexible substrate, a transition layer, a buffer layer, a drive layer, a functional layer, and a thin-film encapsulation layer. The transition layer covers one side of the flexible substrate; the buffer layer covers one side, away from a rigid carrier, of the transition layer; the drive layer covers one side, away from the transition layer, of the buffer layer; the functional layer covers one side, away from the buffer layer, of the drive layer; and the thin-film encapsulation layer covers the surface of the functional layer. According to the invention, a sulfydryl-containing transition layer is modified on a flexible substrate by means of sulfydryl modification to realize tight adhesion between the flexible substrate and a buffer layer in a drive layer, so that the adhesion force between the flexible substrate and the buffer layer is greatly enhanced by means of chemical adsorption.

This invention discloses an iodine cathode interface conductive polymer slurry, an iodine cathode and its preparation method, and its application in I... ‑ / I2 / I + In the application of positive-valence zinc-iodine batteries, the conductive polymer slurry at the iodine cathode interface is formed by combining an aqueous adhesive and a PEDOT:PSS dispersion. This conductive polymer slurry is uniformly coated onto the surface of the iodine cathode, and after drying, a dense conductive polymer film is formed on the iodine cathode surface. The PEDOT:PSS film of this invention can inhibit polyiodine ion shuttle and I₂ from both physical barrier and chemical adsorption perspectives. + Hydrolysis; when the iodine cathode loading is 10 mg cm⁻¹ ‑2 At that time, the discharge plateau of the zinc-iodine battery was 1.6 V (I 0 / I + ) and 1.2 V(I ‑ / I 0 Its capacity retention rate after 3500 stable cycles is over 91%, effectively improving the performance of the iodine cathode and enhancing the overall performance of the battery; it belongs to the field of battery technology.

The invention discloses a catecholamine substance multicolor visual detection kit and detection method based on synergistic catalytic reaction induction, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, enabling catecholamine and AgNPLs to be subjected to a sufficient chemical adsorption reaction, and then adding hydrogen peroxide, so that the Ag NPLs are etched to different degrees and show different colors. According to the reaction of silver ions and urease and the cascade urease catalytic reaction, the color of pH indicator phenol red is changed, so that the colors of Ag NPLs and phenol red are compounded, the color recognition degree after the etching reaction is enhanced, and catecholamine substances are detected according to different colors. The method is simple, convenient, efficient, sensitive and high in naked eye recognition degree, and can be used for detecting diseases such as depression.

The invention relates to the field of temperature control, particularly provides a temperature control method, equipment, a medium and a system, and aims to solve the technical problem that the temperature control range is small due to the fact that an existing chemical adsorption instrument carries out temperature adjustment in a single temperature control mode. The temperature control method comprises the following steps: acquiring a set temperature, a sample temperature and a preset temperature threshold; determining a temperature control mode according to the set temperature, the sample temperature and a preset temperature threshold; and controlling the temperature of the sample in the chemical adsorption instrument according to the temperature control mode.

The invention relates to a method for adsorbing sulfydryl or thiophenol molecules on the surface of a platinum catalyst to enhance electro-catalysis formic acid oxidation and methanol oxidation, in particular to a method for enhancing formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation reaction by modifying a platinum electrode with cysteamine molecules to form a platinum-cysteamine heterogeneous interface, and belongs to the technical field of catalytic energy. According to the invention, mercaptan / thiophenol molecules represented by cysteamine (CYS) are modified on the surfaces of platinum nanoparticles through chemical adsorption, so that a molecule-metal composite catalytic system with an optimized electronic structure is constructed. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in-situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculation prove that the catalytic performance of surface adsorption molecules is remarkably improved through a dual-action mechanism, on one hand, the electronic structure of platinum is regulated and controlled to reduce a reaction energy barrier, on the other hand, interface charge transfer kinetics is promoted, and the oxidation process of formic acid through a formate path is effectively optimized. The technical scheme has universality to various mercaptan / thiophenol molecular systems, and the strategy can also be used for improving the performance of methanol oxidation reaction. The invention provides a novel catalytic material system for developing efficient direct formic acid and methanol fuel cells, and has important application value in the field of clean energy conversion devices.

This invention relates to the field of printed circuit board manufacturing technology and discloses a fine etching process for PCB circuit patterns. The process includes injecting a fine etching composition comprising deionized water, hydrochloric acid, copper chloride dihydrate, anhydrous magnesium chloride, p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, polyethylene glycol, and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole into a circulating working tank of an etching machine; setting the temperature of the working solution in the circulating working tank; sending the substrate to be etched, after dry film development, into a spray section; activating the spray array and setting the spray pressure to etch the substrate; and rapidly rinsing the etched substrate in a deionized water washing section, followed by strong air drying to obtain the circuit pattern. This invention reduces surface tension through specific components to promote solution penetration into the microstructure, utilizes an organic corrosion inhibitor to form a stable protective layer on the trench sidewalls, and combines the vertical impact of the nozzle jet on the bottom, leveraging the difference between mechanical force and chemical adsorption force to achieve anisotropic etching, thus suppressing lateral corrosion of fine circuits.

1. Name of the Design Product: Chemical Adsorbent (Bird's Nest Shape). 2. Use of the Design Product: The design product belongs to a desulfurization adsorbent used in the purification of natural gas in oil and gas fields and is used to purify gases. 3. Design Key Points of the Design Product: Lies in the shape. 4. Picture or Photograph Most Indicating the Design Key Points: Perspective view.

There is provided a technique that includes: (a) forming a third film on a first film and a second film formed on a surface of the substrate by supplying a precursor, a first reactant, and a second reactant to the substrate under a condition in which thermal decomposition of the precursor does not occur and physical adsorption of the precursor occurs more predominantly than chemical adsorption of the precursor when the precursor is present alone; and (b) removing the first film while retaining the second film and the third film by exposing the surface of the substrate where the third film is formed on the first film and the second film to an etching agent that reacts with the first film.

The invention discloses an alkaline earth metal stable oxygen-like superatomic cluster material and a preparation method thereof.The material is prepared from aluminum powder, alkaline earth metal hydride and anhydrous metal halide serving as a structure-directing agent, and the preparation method comprises the steps that firstly, under the inert atmosphere, the raw materials are subjected to high-energy ball milling to prepare a composite precursor; then temperature programming heat treatment is carried out, hydrogen generated by hydride in-situ decomposition is used for reducing an interface and inducing lattice defects, and meanwhile, interface migration and chemical adsorption effects of halide ions are used for pinning newly generated cluster units; and finally, carrying out non-equilibrium densification through spark plasma sintering. According to the method, the defect that a thermodynamically stable alloy phase is easily formed in a traditional smelting method is overcome, the oxygen-like cluster structure with the 38 electron open shell layer characteristic is successfully stabilized in a macroscopic solid state through a synergistic mechanism of gas phase pore forming and interface pinning, and the material is endowed with excellent catalytic activity and semimetal conduction characteristic.

The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor materials, and particularly relates to a silicon nitride film and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the silicon nitride film comprises the following steps: sequentially introducing an aminosilane precursor and a complex of metal inorganic salt and amino acid into a reaction chamber for chemical adsorption reaction, and then introducing nitrogen source plasma gas for reaction to obtain the carbon-metal co-doped silicon nitride film. The preparation method is characterized in that a complex of metal inorganic salt and amino acid is introduced in the forming process of the silicon nitride thin film to regulate and control the content of carbon and metal elements in the obtained thin film and control the growth process of the thin film, so that the carbon-metal co-doped silicon nitride thin film with lower density and thinner thickness is obtained; the silicon nitride thin film is high in quality and good in adhesive force with the substrate, can be well applied to the fields of semiconductor materials and microelectronics, and is good in application prospect.

The present application relates to the field of environment-friendly metal surface pretreatment technology, and discloses a metal chelating film forming agent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein low-molecular polysilazane resin and zirconium triethanolamine compound are used as film forming agents, epoxy modified silicone resin is used as an auxiliary film forming agent, aspartic acid diacetic acid tetrasodium is used as a chelating dispersant, tetramethyl decyne glycol is used as a wetting agent, n-butanol is used as a leveling agent, and interface stable graphene with Schiff base functional groups, quinoline functional groups and quaternary ammonium salt functional groups on the surface is used as a corrosion-resistant filler to prepare the metal chelating film forming agent, wherein the present application is environmentally friendly, and after the leak detection process of the compressor muffler, no alkaline cleaning agent is needed for cleaning and treatment, and the subsequent spraying can be directly performed, on the other hand, the metal substrate surface can be combined by physical adsorption and chemical adsorption to produce strong bonding force, and a dense protective film is formed on the metal substrate surface, thereby achieving the beneficial technical effect of significantly improving the corrosion resistance.

The invention discloses a stabilizing dispersant for a direct coal liquefaction catalyst and application of the stabilizing dispersant. The stabilizing dispersant for the direct coal liquefaction catalyst comprises sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate, a zwitterionic surfactant and sodium polyacrylate. According to the stable dispersing agent disclosed by the invention, a ternary composite dispersing agent system with alpha-sodium olefin sulfonate coordination chemical adsorption, zwitterionic surfactant charge compensation gap filling and sodium polyacrylate vitrification coating is adopted, so that molecular-level anchoring and dry-state stable immobilization of a micron catalyst in pulverized coal are realized, and the micron catalyst can be controllably released in solvent oil; the dispersion stability of the catalyst is improved, the direct coal liquefaction efficiency is improved, and the liquefaction reaction oil yield is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and particularly discloses a preparation method and application of a nematic phase liquid crystal modified diaphragm based on photopolymerization fluorenone-phenyl ester-acrylate. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 2, 7-diylbis (4-((6-(acryloyloxy) hexyl) oxy) benzoate), a conductive agent and an initiator in a solvent to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry, and coating a diaphragm substrate with the coating slurry to obtain a coating diaphragm; and carrying out ultraviolet light illumination polymerization and vacuum drying on the coating diaphragm to obtain the modified diaphragm based on the nematic phase liquid crystal. According to the invention, an orderly arranged nematic phase liquid crystal structure is introduced into the modified diaphragm, the improved coating diaphragm has very strong chemical adsorption on polysulfide formed in the charging and discharging process, the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite growth of the polysulfide in the charging and discharging process of the lithium-sulfur battery can be inhibited, meanwhile, the binding power between lithium electrode materials can be enhanced, and the service life of the lithium-sulfur battery is prolonged. And the cycle performance and the capacity performance of the lithium-sulfur battery are improved.

The present disclosure provides a catalyst for the production of percarboxylic acids which includes a co-catalyst 1 being either a transition metal oxide or carbonaceous compound and a second co-catalyst 2, distinct from co-catalyst 1 and being comprised of at least one transition metal, transition metal oxide, transition metal carbide or transition metal nitride. The combination of these co-catalysts provides the necessary kinds of catalytic active sites for both the chemisorption and activation of formic acid as well as active sites for the generation of surface active oxygen species. The combination of these co-catalyst materials results in the synergistic benefits of enhancement in catalytic activity for the production of the peracid as well as improved catalyst stability.

The application discloses a kind of bottle-in-bottle structure silver porous carbon composite material as zinc iodine battery positive carrier and its preparation and application in zinc iodine battery positive electrode.The bottle-in-bottle structure silver porous carbon composite material Ag@KJ600 is synthesized by ultrasonic immersion method, dried, calcined, ground with I2 in argon protection environment, sealed and heated for 12 hours to obtain Ag@KJ600 / I2.When the composite material is used as iodine positive carrier, it can chemically adsorb polyiodide formed during the cycle process, inhibit the shuttle effect of polyiodide, and further reduce the corrosion of negative zinc and the loss of active material.Ag@KJ600 / I2 active material can be applied to zinc iodine battery iodine positive electrode, and excellent electrochemical performance is shown.

This invention discloses a heteronuclear bimetallic phthalocyanine complex / carbon functional separator for lithium-sulfur batteries and its preparation method, belonging to the field of lithium-sulfur battery technology. The separator includes a substrate and a functional coating layer disposed on its surface, wherein the functional coating layer comprises a heteronuclear bimetallic phthalocyanine complex / carbon composite material. This invention utilizes the bimetallic synergistic effect of heteronuclear bimetallic phthalocyanine and the chemisorption effect of polar functional groups, combined with the conductivity and physical barrier capabilities of carbon materials, to achieve synergistic regulation of polysulfides through "physical barrier-chemisorption-catalytic conversion." This functional separator can effectively suppress the shuttle effect, accelerate sulfur species conversion, and significantly improve the rate performance and cycle stability of the battery. The preparation process of this invention is simple and cost-controllable, showing good application prospects.

The present invention discloses a copper-nickel single-atom catalyst based on an MXene support, its preparation method and application, belonging to the technical field of catalysts, including: an MXene support, on which a copper-nickel single-atom active component is loaded and coated with a nitrogen-doped carbon layer; wherein, the content of the copper-nickel single-atom active component is 0.2~1.5 wt%, and the molar ratio of copper to nickel in the copper-nickel single-atom active component is 1:0.3~1:1.2; the content of the nitrogen-doped carbon coating layer is 7~10 wt%. The copper-nickel single-atom catalyst of the present invention does not contain toxic chromium metal. It adopts a ternary composite system of MXene / copper-nickel single-atom / nitrogen-doped carbon layer. The few-layer MXene support provides rich surface active sites to anchor the copper-nickel single-atom active component through chemical adsorption. The dehydrogenation active center of copper atoms and the cyclization active center of nickel atoms act synergistically, and the antioxidant property and stability of the catalyst are significantly improved by coating with a nitrogen-doped carbon layer, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of low activity, short lifespan and heavy pollution of traditional catalysts, and providing an efficient solution for the green synthesis of lactones.

The invention discloses a surface modification method of an aramid fiber blended fabric. The surface modification method comprises the following steps: selecting the aramid fiber blended fabric containing 93% of meta-aramid fiber, 5% of para-aramid fiber and 2% of conductive fiber as base cloth; carrying out pre-cleaning and pretreatment on the aramid fiber blended fabric; preparing an ANFs suspension with a certain concentration, and magnetically stirring at 40 DEG C to form a stable suspension; putting the pretreated aramid fiber blended fabric into a stable ANFs suspension, and carrying out ultrasonic impregnation for a certain period of time; and repeatedly cleaning the secondarily treated aramid fiber blended fabric with absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying the secondarily treated aramid fiber blended fabric. According to the method, polar groups are introduced through plasmas, chemical adsorption is formed by the polar groups and amido bonds of ANFs, meanwhile, the ANFs are embedded into the rough surface etched by the plasmas, the synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and mechanical bonding is achieved, and the possibility of multi-dimensional functional synergistic modification is provided for application of high-performance fibers such as aramid fibers in high-end composite materials and intelligent equipment.

A method for filling a gap in a substrate is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate with a gap in a reaction chamber, forming first active species from a first reactant to create an inhibition layer near the top of the gap, and performing one or more deposition cycles to deposit material into the gap. Each deposition cycle involves introducing a second reactant to form a chemisorbed layer and generating a second active species from a third reactant using pulsed plasma power, which reacts with the chemisorbed layer to form a deposited layer. The inhibition layer partially inhibits deposition at the top of the gap. The deposited material comprises silicon nitride, which is subsequently converted to silicon oxide by providing a fourth reactant containing hydrogen and oxygen. This conversion results in volume expansion and improved gap filling.