736 results about "Physisorption" patented technology

New low-cost CO2 sorbents are provided that can be used in large-scale gas-solid processes. A new method is provided for making these sorbents that involves treating substrates with an amine and / or an ether so that the amine and / or ether comprise at least 50 wt. percent of the sorbent. The sorbent acts by capturing compounds contained in gaseous fluids via chemisorption and / or physisorption between the unit layers of the substrate's lattice where the polar amine liquids and solids and / or polar ether liquids and solids are located. The method eliminates the need for high surface area supports and polymeric materials for the preparation of CO2 capture systems, and provides sorbents with absorption capabilities that are independent of the sorbents' surface areas. The sorbents can be regenerated by heating at temperatures in excess of 35° C.

The present invention relates to improved methods and apparatus for atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thin films on substrates such as wafers and flat panel displays. The invention provides an ALD reactor comprising a first temperature regulating system to control the temperature of the substrate and a second temperature regulating system to independently control the temperature of the reaction chamber walls. The invention also provides a method for ALD of a film onto a substrate in a reaction chamber, in which the temperature of the substrate is maintained to maximize ALD on the substrate while the temperature of the reaction chamber walls is set to minimize film growth thereon, whether by ALD, condensation, physisorption or thermal decomposition. The temperature of the walls may be maintained at the same temperature as the substrate, or higher or lower than the substrate temperature, depending upon the particular reaction being used.

This invention is directed to making chemical derivatives of carbon nanotubes and to uses for the derivatized nanotubes, including making arrays as a basis for synthesis of carbon fibers. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a method for preparing single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube by reacting single wall carbon nanotubes with fluorine gas and recovering fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes, then reacting fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with a nucleophile. Some of the fluorine substituents are replaced by nucleophilic substitution. If desired, the remaining fluorine can be completely or partially eliminated to produce single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube. The substituents will, of course, be dependent on the nucleophile, and preferred nucleophiles include alkyl lithium species such as methyl lithium. Alternatively, fluorine may be fully or partially removed from fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes by reacting the fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with various amounts of hydrazine, substituted hydrazine or alkyl amine. The present invention also provides seed materials for growth of single wall carbon nanotubes comprising a plurality of single wall carbon nanotubes or short tubular molecules having a catalyst precursor moiety covalently bound or physisorbed on the outer surface of the sidewall to provide the optimum metal cluster size under conditions that result in migration of the metal moiety to the tube end.

The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing organic and inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass and the endpoint of the oxidative process detected by a sensor. Residual organics, and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

The invention discloses a restoration agent for lowering cadmium / lead effective state content in soil, which is composed of quicklime, calcium sulfate, wood charcoal, iron chloride and water, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime, calcium sulfate, wood charcoal and iron chloride is (1-2):(1-2):(1-2):(0.5-1), and the water accounts for 30-45 wt% of the soil. The restoration agent can be used for treating heavily polluted soil; and common chemical passivators can only restore lightly polluted soil, and do not have obvious effect on heavy pollution. The restoration agent can be used for treating both acidic soil and neutral soil. The restoration agent has high remediation efficiency for cadmium polluted soil; the reaction mechanisms relate to chemical precipitation and physical adsorption; and when one action fails due to change of the outside conditions, the other action can perform the guarantee function. The restoration agent has certain control actions on the lead effective state content in the polluted soil.

The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing one or more organic and also preferably one or more inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass and the endpoint of the oxidative process detected by a sensor. Residual organics, if desired, and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

An aspect of the present invention is a process for modifying a substrate in areas that are exposed to actinic radiation, having the steps: (a) providing on the substrate functional groups adapted for conversion to oxygen-containing photoproducts upon exposure to actinic radiation; (b) exposing at least a portion of the substrate to the actinic radiation, converting the functional groups in an exposed region of the substrate to the photoproducts; (c) contacting the photoproducts with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of hydrogen ions, forming imine groups; and (d) contacting the imine groups with a reducing agent, forming amine groups on the substrate in the exposed region. Another aspect of the present invention is a process for modifying a substrate in areas that are unexposed to actinic radiation, having the steps: (a) providing on the substrate aryl functional groups adapted for conversion to oxygen-containing photoproducts upon exposure to actinic radiation; (b) exposing a portion of the substrate to the actinic radiation, converting the aryl functional groups in an exposed region of the substrate to the photoproducts, and not converting the aryl functional groups in an unexposed region of the substrate to the photoproducts; (c) contacting the aryl functional groups in the unexposed region of the substrate with a compound adapted for physisorption to the aryl functional groups, preferentially physisorbing the compound onto the substrate in the unexposed regions.

An apparatus and method including storage and dispensing vessels to safely store and dispense gaseous hydrides, where the storage and dispensing vessels contain a solid-phase physical sorbent medium having a physically sorptive affinity for gaseous hydrides, and wherein the gaseous hydride is decomposed in the apparatus to generate hydrogen gas. The gaseous hydrides include, but are not limited to, silane, germane, stibine and diborane. The gaseous hydrides decompose spontaneously and / or decomposition is enhanced using surface modified adsorbents. The hydrogen generated by the apparatus may be used in a fuel cell or other hydrogen gas consuming unit.

A system and method to remove a polluting agent or contaminant, including but not limited to mercury, from the liquid phase of a process system using an adsorbent. In one exemplary embodiment, a magnetic or non-magnetic support with a chemisorbing or physisorbing sorbent is suspended in the liquid phase of a process system, under conditions in which the polluting agent binds to the adsorbent. The pollutant-bearing adsorbent may then be separated from the process system by either physical or magnetic means. The polluting agent may then disassociated from the adsorbent so the adsorbent is regenerated and capable of repeated use.

The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing one or more organic and inorganic and also preferably one or more inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass. Residual organics, if desired and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

This invention is directed to making chemical derivatives of carbon nanotubes and to uses for the derivatized nanotubes, including making arrays as a basis for synthesis of carbon fibers. In one embodiment, this invention also provides a method for preparing single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube by reacting single wall carbon nanotubes with fluorine gas and recovering fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes, then reacting fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with a nucleophile. Some of the fluorine substituents are replaced by nucleophilic substitution. If desired, the remaining fluorine can be completely or partially eliminated to produce single wall carbon nanotubes having substituents attached to the side wall of the nanotube. The substituents will, of course, be dependent on the nucleophile, and preferred nucleophiles include alkyl lithium species such as methyl lithium. Alternatively, fluorine may be fully or partially removed from fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes by reacting the fluorine derivatized carbon nanotubes with various amounts of hydrazine, substituted hydrazine or alkyl amine. The present invention also provides seed materials for growth of single wall carbon nanotubes comprising a plurality of single wall carbon nanotubes or short tubular molecules having a catalyst precursor moiety covalently bound or physisorbed on the outer surface of the sidewall to provide the optimum metal cluster size under conditions that result in migration of the metal moiety to the tube end.

The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing one or more organic and inorganic and also preferably one or more inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass. Residual organics, if desired and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

The invention discloses a carbon nanosphere / sulfur composite and a preparation method and application thereof. The carbon nanosphere / sulfur composite comprises a carbon nanosphere and elemental sulfur; the carbon nanosphere is composed of petal-shaped carbon plates which are combined into a sphere shape, gaps exist between the carbon plates, and the carbon plates are arranged in a wrinkled form and provided with through holes; the elemental sulfur and the carbon nanosphere are combined through a fusion permeation method to form the carbon nanosphere / sulfur composite, wherein sulfur accounts for 75-84 wt% of the composite. The gaps and through holes in the carbon nanosphere facilitate fusion loading of sulfur and dispersion and transportation of electrolyte ions, and the carbon nanosphere with a large specific surface area can load more sulfur active substances and effectively inhibit dissolution of polysulfide; the nitrogen element is doped on the carbon nanosphere to improve the electroactivity of a carbon material and enhance physisorption on sulfur; the carbon nanosphere / sulfur composite can serve as a positive electrode of a lithium-sulfur battery to improve the capacity, rate capability, cycling stability and coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery.

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a polyacrylonitrile / graphene compound. The polyacrylonitrile / graphene compound prepared by the method is formed by combining polyacrylonitrile with a graphene lamella by one or two modes in covalent bond and physical adsorption, and a polyacrylonitrile / graphene suspension liquid prepared by the method is excellent in disperse stability, can be directly applied to preparation of coating, fiber and polymer composite materials. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and effective in process, and can be used for realizing environmentally-friendly large-scale industrial production.

The invention relates to a cathode and anode built-in ceramic micro-filtration membrane reactor suitable for removing pollutant in source water. According to the invention, titanium mesh is taken as cathode, an Sb element-doped titanium-based SnO2 coating A electrode or a mixed coating B electrode with TiO2 and SnO2 loaded on the basis of the A electrode serves as an anode, and the cathode faces to two sheets of anodes and is placed into a micro-filtration membrane module. The reactor applies extra electric field by constant voltage DC source, and operates under a continuous flow mode, the particles and colloid in source water can be filtered by the ceramic micro-filtration membrane with the aperture of 0.1-0.4 [mu]m, under electrocatalysis effect, a lot of substances with strong oxidizability is generated in water, and removal of the organic pollutants which are difficultly degraded is realized. doping of Sb can obviously increase the conductivity of SnO2, the coating of the electrode has physical sorption effect on HO., and has important effect for degrading an intermediate. According to the invention, TiO2 cavity loaded on the surface of the electrode provides more places for H2O for forming HO. with an adsorption state and organic matter molecules in a solution on the anode through discharging, so that the catalytic oxidation effect of the electrode is enhanced.

A phospholipid vesicle such as a virus is to be rapidly separated (concentrated, roughly purified) and good detection (diagnosis) results can be obtained with suppressing inhibition of virus-denature, PCR inhibition, latex-aggregation inhibition, and the like. Moreover, the above operations are to be automated. A phospholipid vesicle is separated using a water-soluble cationic magnetic fine particle by a composite formation through a covalent bond or physical adsorption of a substance having a cationic functional group, a substance having a hydroxyl group, and a substance having magnetism.

The invention discloses a nano graphene oxide protein complex, a preparation method of the nano graphene oxide protein complex and applications of the nano graphene oxide protein complex. The complex is of a complex structure that protein is absorbed on the surface of the nano graphene oxide. The nano graphene oxide protein complex is prepared as follows: conducting fluorescence labeling on protein drugs, modifying the nano graphene oxide protein by polyethylene glycol (PEG), and combining and gathering the protein drugs on the nano graphene oxide through a physical adsorption mode. The nano graphene oxide protein complex designed by the invention has extremely high loading efficiency and stability; in an in-vitro physiological environment, the protein physically absorbed on the surface of the graphene oxide can be released gradually, the enzyme digestion and the hydrolysis to the protein, caused by the protease can be avoided effectively, and simultaneously, in the cells, the protein can be effectively delivered into the cells from the surface of the graphene oxide. According to the invention, the effects of regulating and controlling the physiological activities of the cells can be improved, the powerful guaranteeing can be provided for the medical application under the physiological conditions; and according to the preparation method provided by the invention, the method is simple and convenient, the cost is low and the volume production is facilitated.

A method of forming a capacitor having a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer of an integrated circuit device is provided. A metal compound is adsorbed on the lower electrode by using a gaseous metal compound. A physisorbed metal compound on the lower electrode is purged by using an inert gas. The metal compound adsorbed on the lower electrode is oxidized with an oxidation gas to form a metal oxide. A gaseous product formed by oxidizing the metal compound is purged. Above steps are repeated to form a diffusion barrier layer of the metal oxide. The dielectric layer is formed of Ta2O5 on the diffusion barrier layer. A heat treatment is performed for the dielectric layer comprised of Ta2O5 under oxidation atmosphere. The steps are performed in a single atomic layer deposition chamber.

The invention discloses an application method of activated carbon, which can adsorb and decompose formaldehyde. The method comprises an activated carbon which is characterized in that metal phthalocyanine is loaded in the activated carbon through the manners of physical adsorption, ionic bonds or covalent bonds, wherein, the loaded amount of metal phthalocyanine is 0.1-15 percent; the activated carbon comprises activated carbons with various forms, such as fibrous activated carbon, granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, etc.; the metal phthalocyanine is any one from mononuclear metal phthalocyanine, binuclear metal phthalocyanine, polynuclear metal phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine polymers as well as the compound of the different metal phthalocyanines. The method used for removing the formaldehyde can be naturally carried out as long as oxygen exists in the air, does not require the irradiation of visible light or ultraviolet light, and can be conveniently used in various occasions; according to the requirement, the activated carbon can be processed into products in various shapes, such as a box of adsorbent, a filtering material of an air-conditioner, etc.

The invention relates to a biological nanometer magnetic target anti-cancer drug, which is formed by coupled biological nanometer magnetic smalls and anti-cancer chemical drug. Wherein, the biological nanometer magnetic small is nanometer magnetic particle formed in magnetic bacterial cell, at 35-120nm diameter, while its main component is Fe3O4 or Fe3S4; single magnetic particle is packed by film; and the coupled anti-cancer chemical drug comprises chemotherapy drug, nucleic acid drug, radioactive nuclide or antibody drug. The invention also provides relative production that using physical adsorption couple or based on the active function group contained by smalls and anti-cancer drug, to select right coupler via chemical reaction to couple them. And the smalls has better bioavailability, less side effect, therefore, the anti-cancer drug can be accurately transmitted to ill part via external magnetic field, to reduce the contact between drug and normal organism., to realize target positioning treatment.

The invention discloses enterococcus faecalis capable of absorbing mycotoxin. The strain is named enterococcus faecalis SRG and is collected in China Center for Type Culture Collection on 2nd, March, 2010, and the collection number of the strain is CCTCC M 2010046. The enterococcus faecalis can absorb mycotoxin, has stronger adsorption capability and can be independently used as the mould-removing agent of a feed or can be compounded with hydrated aluminosilicate to be used as the mould-removing agent of the feed. The enterococcus faecalis has the basic biological health-care function while removing moulds. The enterococcus faecalis is compounded with the hydrated aluminosilicate with stronger mold adsorption capacity, and thereby, the mould-removing effect is achieved by physical adsorption, and the effects of mould proofing, mould removing and health care can be achieved by the bioactivity of the enterococcus faecalis.

The invention discloses a modified biological filtering pool filler and relates to a modified filler applied to an aerated biological filtering pool and a method for processing the same. An inorganic filler ceramic particle, lava or porous ceramic, which is used as a carrier, is subjected to pickling, alkali cleaning, drying, sterilization and other processing procedures and is dipped in a dilute aqueous solution containing cationic polyacrylamide (Polyacrylamide, abbreviated as PAM) so that the inner surface of the filler is modified to obtain an inorganic carrier of which the surface of an inner hole is formed with a polymer molecular body with positive charge; and the inorganic carrier is domesticated to generate the immobilized microorganism filler. Through double functions of physical adsorption and ionic bond combination, the filler improves physicochemical performance and washing resistance performance of the immobilized microorganism for inorganic carrier, is favorable for improving loading amount of microorganism and domestication and proliferation of the microorganism, saves the cubage of a reactor, shortens reaction time, improves efficiency biological denitrification and saves investment.

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional material, and specifically relates to magnetic fluorescent Raman double-encoding composite microspheres and a preparation method and an application thereof. The composite microspheres are prepared by the steps: adding fluorescein in a condensation reaction of melamine and formaldehyde to form fluorescent melamine resin microspheres, after a magnetic fluid is physically adsorbed on the surface, depositing silver nanoparticles by a chemical deposition method to form core-shell structural microspheres with the fluorescent melamine resin microspheres as a core and the magnetic fluid and the silver nanoparticles as a shell, then fixing Raman labeled molecules and coating with an SiO2 shell layer to form the composite microspheres denoted as the FMF / Fe3O4-NPs / Ag-NPs / SiO2 composite microspheres. The composite microspheres are labeled with the fluorescein, have the micron-scale microsphere particle size, can be used as a single-microsphere Raman enhancement substrate, and are applied to Raman detection. The method is simple in operation and controllable in process, can increase the encoding capacity of the composite microspheres by labeling of different fluoresceins and adsorption of various Raman report molecules, and can be used for anti-fake marks for coatings / printing inks and the like.

The invention discloses an on-site detection immuno-chip, comprising a chip carrier and an agarose gel layer which is paved on the chip carrier, wherein, the agarose gel layer is fixed with a plurality of antibody microarrays of 4*4, and chip-dedicated fences or Super PAP Pen scribings are used for separating the microarrays from each other; the double antibody sandwich principle is adopted to detect the antigen to carry out the dot matrix of corresponding capture antibody, positive control and negative control on the solid phase carrier simultaneously; the antibody protein is connected with the solid phase carrier through the covalent bond and physical adsorption; the sample liquid to be detected and the chip are directly incubated; the antigen to be detected in the samples combine with the corresponding antibody which is fixed on the chip; a specific monoclonal antibody probe marked by horse radish peroxidase is added and the macroscopic detection results can be obtained after the coloration of substrates. The invention can detect viruses in multiple aquatic animal samples and the results are macroscopic, thus being applicable to rapid and accurate detection of viruses of aquatic animals in breeding production.

The invention relates to a method and a system for acquiring CO2 by temperature-lowering absorption and low-voltage desorption, in particular to a method and a system for captauring CO2 by a method of absorption and desorption, which overcomes the defects of difficult control, large energy consumption of the warming voltage-varying desorption method adopted by power plants to capturing CO2 and the defects of toxic and hazardous gas generated during capturing CO2 by chemisorption method. The method comprises temperature reduction by flue gases, communicating absorption of a first absorption and desorption tower, communicating absorption of a second absorption and desorption tower, and electrified temperature-increasing desorption, purification and temperature reduction of the first the absorption and desorption tower, CO2 gas purging, electrified temperature-increasing desorption, purification and temperature reduction of the second absorption and desorption tower, and communicating absorption of the first the absorption and desorption tower during a next absorption and desorption circulating process. In the system, the first and the second absorption and desorption towers are connected with an alternating current power supply through a first switch and a second switch, and the alternating current power supply is connected with the first and the second absorption and desorption towers. In the utility model, a physical adsorption method is adopted, thereby avoiding the generation of other toxic and hazardous gases by chemical methods. The method and the system are used for capturing CO2 in flue gases in coal industry works and power plants.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for electrochemical processing of heavy metal ion-containing wastewater by use of an activated carbon basket as an electrode. According to the method, by combination of physical adsorption concentration, electrochemical reduction adsorption and electrochemical catalytic oxidation, heavy metal ion-containing wastewater is processed, and copper, lead, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, and all other heavy metal pollutants in the wastewater can be effectively and thoroughly removed. The method not only can process wastewater containing a high concentration of heavy metal ions, is also suitable for processing wastewater containing extremely dilute concentrations of heavy metal ions (the concentration range is from 0 to hundreds of thousands of ppm), meanwhile compared with the traditional method, the method greatly reduces the processing cost, is inexpensive and simple in operation and equipment, can be recycled to run, and has great practical value.

The invention provides a composite solid electrolyte membrane, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery. The composite solid electrolyte membrane is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 80 percent of inorganic electrolyte porous fiber, 20 to 99.8 percent of polymer electrolyte and 0.1 to 20 percent of plasticizer. According to the composite solid electrolyte membrane, an inorganic electrolyte and a polymer electrolyte are compounded, the material structure and composition are reasonably designed, and the inorganic electrolyte is designed into a porous fiber structure; by utilizing the physical adsorption and chemical adsorption effects of the pores, and by adding small molecular substances such as a plasticizer, inorganic powder filler and thelike in the pores, the interface contact between the polymer electrolyte and the inorganic electrolyte is improved, so that the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte membrane is improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical strength of the composite solid electrolyte membrane is improved.

The present invention relates to a method of determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample and / or the binding kinetics of an analyte to an analyte sensor molecule. For this purpose the invention relies on detecting the interaction between the analyte and the analyte sensor molecule with the latter being physically adsorbed to a solid, porous support which is in the form of a micro array. In a preferred embodiment, the method may be operated in repeated cycles.

The invention discloses water-based high-barrier coating liquid and a production method thereof. The water-based high-barrier coating liquid comprises 0.5-15 parts of a hydroxy group-containing water-soluble polymer, 0.1-15 parts of a nanometer oxide, 0.01-10 parts of graphene, 0.01-5 parts of an organic siloxane coupling agent, 0.1-30 parts of 0.1-mol / L diluted hydrochloric acid and 30-95 parts of a solvent. According to the water-based high-barrier coating liquid and the production method thereof, nanometer oxide particles produced through a sol-gel method are used as a small-size polymerization inhibitor, and are loaded onto the surfaces of the graphene by means of physical adsorption, and polymerization among the graphene can be inhibited, so that the problem of poor dispersity of thegraphene is solved; and by using cross linking of the nanometer oxide and the water-soluble polymer, the synergistic enhanced barrier action of the graphene / polymer on gas is given full play to. Moreover, a process of the production method of the water-based high-barrier coating liquid is simple and easy to implement, and a produced film material has good mechanical performance and package printing performance at the same time, and can be applied to a wide variety of fields of medicines, food, electronic product packaging, encapsulation and the like.