340 results about "Vesicle" patented technology

The invention provides a method for detecting an external vesicle marker through high-flux nano plasma exciting light immune color development, and belongs to the technical field of human extracellular vesicles. After a serum sample is subjected to centrifugal treatment, the serum sample and a CD81 capture antibody substrate are incubated, and the particle size distribution of the vesicles is monitored in real time; a zwitterionic polymer modified gold nanoparticle LAM detection probe and a polyethylene glycol modified silver nanoparticle LprG detection probe are prepared to be specifically combined with a vesicle surface antigen, a chromogenic enhancement solution is adopted to induce a plasma resonance signal, and full-hole scanning imaging is carried out; and constructing a double-layer game optimization model to cooperatively optimize the detection sensitivity and the signal stability, carrying out weighted summation on normalized signals of the particle size subgroups to obtain comprehensive detection signal intensity, comparing the comprehensive detection signal intensity with a threshold value, and outputting a final judgment result. The technical problem that quantitative accuracy is affected by signal intensity deviation caused by vesicle particle size difference in outer vesicle marker detection is solved.

The invention discloses an engineered bionic nucleic acid nano-vesicle as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of nano biomedicine, and aims at solving the problems that in-vivo targeting efficiency and immunogenicity of a traditional cationic lipid nano-carrier are limited due to deletion and cleavage obstacles of GSDMD expression in tumor cells. The technical key point of the invention is as follows: the engineered bionic nucleic acid nano-vesicle is provided and is prepared by wrapping a cationic lipid nucleic acid drug with an exosome derived from engineered macrophages; wherein the exosome from the engineered macrophage is the exosome from the macrophage with high expression of PD1, which is as shown in SEQ. ID. NO.1. The exosome from the engineered macrophage is the exosome from the macrophage with high expression of PD1; the lipid nucleic acid medicine is prepared by loading GSDMD-N mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic Acid) shown on the basis of SEQ.ID.NO.2 on a cationic liposome. The engineered bionic nucleic acid nano-vesicle is used for preparing an oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnostic kit and a therapeutic drug.

The invention belongs to the field of biological medicines, and relates to a drug-loaded nano-vesicle as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The drug-loaded nano-vesicle comprises a vesicle core and a drug-loaded nano-vesicle, wherein the vesicle core comprises siRNA (small interfering Ribonucleic Acid) capable of specifically targeting and silencing an NR1D1 gene; the vesicle membrane is formed by fusing an erythrocyte membrane, a macrophage membrane, cardiolipin, cholesterol and lecithin. The drug-loaded nano-vesicle can specifically target macrophages in a sepsis immunosuppression stage, has an intracellular response release function, recovers BMAL1 and IGF2BP2-ATP6V1B2 / ATP6V0c axis functions by inhibiting NR1D1 expression, reconstructs a macrophage phagocytosis function and lysosome-dependent bacterium removal capability, and can be used for preparing a drug-loaded nano-vesicle with a specific targeting function. The survival rate of sepsis immunosuppression model animals is obviously improved; and the bacterial load is reduced. Compared with a traditional electroporation method, the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the encapsulation efficiency of siRNA is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical materials, in particular to engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel enriched with PD-L1 and Siglec-15 as well as a preparation method and application of the engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel. The engineering small extracellular vesicle hydrogel is enriched with PD-L1 and Siglec-15 at the same time, the engineering small extracellular vesicle hydrogel comprises a hydrogel base body and PDL1-Siglec15-sEVs loaded in the hydrogel base body, and the PDL1-Siglec15-sEVs are small extracellular vesicles with the PD-L1 and the Siglec-15 in an overexpression mode. Compared with natural small extracellular vesicles and a traditional wound surface treatment strategy, the engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel has the advantages that PD-L1 and Siglec-15 can be enriched in the vesicles, so that more accurate immune microenvironment regulation and control can be realized on the local part of a wound surface, excessive inflammatory response is moderately inhibited, phenotype transformation of macrophages to be beneficial to tissue regeneration is promoted, and the wound surface treatment effect is improved. The hydrogel is used as a carrier and can provide a moist healing environment and a three-dimensional scaffold structure, so that the residence time of the engineered small extracellular vesicles on the local wound surface is remarkably prolonged, and slow release is realized.

The invention discloses an extraction method of safflower leaf exosome-like nano-vesicles and application of the safflower leaf exosome-like nano-vesicles in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity, fresh safflower leaves are taken and cleaned, a PBS solution is added for crushing and filtering, filtrate is collected and continuously centrifuged, supernate is taken and subjected to ultracentrifugation, precipitates are collected after centrifugation, and the safflower leaf exosome-like nano-vesicles are obtained; and filtering and sterilizing by using a filter membrane to obtain the safflower leaf exosome-like nano-vesicles. The carthamus tinctorius leaf exosome-like nano-vesicles can significantly improve the heart function of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxic mice; myocardial injury induced by doxorubicin can be repaired, and myocardial fibrosis induced by doxorubicin can be inhibited; the content of a myocardial injury marker lactic dehydrogenase in body serum can be reduced, a new treatment strategy is provided for preventing and treating adriamycin-induced cardiotoxic diseases, and the application prospect is good.

The invention discloses an application of exosome nano-vesicles derived from artemisia annua cells and peroxidase A0A2U1N9S9 contained in the exosome nano-vesicles in preparation of anti-colorectal cancer drugs. According to the present invention, the anti-CRC activity analysis results show that the artemisia annua cell-derived exosome nano-vesicles can inhibit the growth of DLD-1 and HCT116 cell strains, and the active substance base of ACDENVs for inhibiting the growth of DLD-1 and HCT116 cell strains, namely peroxidase A0A2U1N9S9, is innovatively revealed for the first time based on the difference analysis of the proteomics technology; and a new research thought and a theoretical basis are provided for the research of anti-colorectal cancer drugs.

The present disclosure provides ghost nanovesicles (gNVs) that are deficient in cytosolic components. Methods of making such vesicles and therapeutic uses of such vesicles are also provided. The gNVs may be used in preventing or treating conditions that may benefit from administration of the gNVs. Such conditions include conditions that involve inflammation.

The invention discloses a method suitable for extracting extracellular small vesicles in fresh water pearl shell tissue waste liquid, which comprises the following operation steps: (1) solid-liquid separation: slaughtering pearl shells, and filling slaughtering waste liquid into a waste liquid crude extraction device; (2) waste liquid crude extraction: performing multi-stage gradient filtration and gravity settling on the slaughtering waste liquid by using a waste liquid crude extraction device to obtain clarified waste liquid; (3) removing impurities: removing impurities for the first time and removing impurities for the second time; (4) concentration of the extracellular vesicles: concentrating the extracellular vesicles by using an ultra-speed centrifuge to obtain a high-concentration extracellular vesicle solution; and (5) preservation of extracellular vesicles: according to the final volume of the high-concentration extracellular vesicle solution obtained in the step (4), carrying out sample standardization through protein concentration, sub-packaging the sample, and carrying out long-term preservation in a low-temperature environment. The particle sizes of the extracted vesicles are concentrated, high-purity and complete extracellular small vesicles can be obtained, and the method is suitable for biomedical research and product development.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a plant source nano vesicle and the plant source nano vesicle. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, through extensive and deep research and a large amount of screening optimization, the coix seed-derived nano vesicles (SCDNVs) and the gastrodia elata-derived nano vesicles (RGDNVs) which are high in concentration and high in quality are successfully extracted by using the preparation method disclosed by the invention; meanwhile, the invention further researches the anti-tumor effect and the anti-oxidation effect of the prepared plant source nano vesicle. Through screening of conditions of the preparation method, an ultrasonic combined centrifugal method (further comprising screening of ultrasonic conditions, such as ultrasonic power / ultrasonic time and the like) adopted in the invention can overcome the defects that the membrane structure of the vesicle is damaged and the form of the vesicle is not complete enough in the traditional method; therefore, the plant extracellular vesicles which are small in loss, high in concentration, good in stability, more uniform in vesicle particle size, small in particle size span, high in yield and high in quality are obtained.

The invention discloses a PDRN-loaded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell source nano-vesicle and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicines. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: mixing an umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension with a PDRN solution, and carrying out freeze thawing treatment; incubating the mixed solution subjected to freeze thawing treatment; extruding the incubated mixed solution for multiple times by using a filter membrane; and collecting the extruded product, and separating and purifying to obtain the PDRN-loaded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell source nano-vesicle. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the encapsulation efficiency of PDRN is remarkably improved, meanwhile, secondary damage of a traditional post-loading technology to a preformed vesicle structure is avoided, the membrane integrity and biological activity of a final product are better maintained, the yield is high, and the preparation process is rapid; the introduction of exogenous impurities is avoided from the source, and the high purity and biological safety of the obtained nano-vesicle component are ensured.

The invention provides a preparation method of a substrate of an external vesicle functional marker rapid detection kit, and belongs to the technical field of external vesicle functional marker detection.The preparation method comprises the steps that a high-purity coating working solution is prepared, and precise spraying is achieved through a piezoelectric type ink jet system; substrate functional modification is completed through confining liquid treatment and labeled antibody working solution preparation, a double-layer game model containing detection sensitivity optimization and process stability optimization is established, and an optimal parameter combination is obtained through game iterative calculation by combining the synergistic effect of a quality evaluation function and a stability control function. A characteristic parameter database is established to store historical production data and quality detection results, a multi-parameter joint evaluation method is adopted to calculate a comprehensive score and carry out unified product grading, and a quality control system and a standardized parameter optimization mechanism are driven through full-process data. The technical problem that the quality consistency difference is large in the batch production process is solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bionic cilium sensors, and particularly discloses a magnetic bionic cilium and vesicle complex and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, a cilium array male mold is prepared; then carrying out oxygen plasma treatment, silanization and curing stabilization; s3, injecting the magnetic composite precursor into a polydimethylsiloxane female die, applying pressure, and striking off; and S4, coating the mold surface with an Ecoflex precursor, performing thermocuring forming, performing magnetization treatment, and performing stripping to obtain the magnetic bionic cilia. According to the magnetic bionic cilia, the vesicle complex and the preparation method and application of the magnetic bionic cilia, the vesicle complex and the preparation method and application of the magnetic bionic cilia, high-magnetic signal output is achieved while the deformability of the cilia is guaranteed, the magnetic bionic cilia is used for non-contact real-time hemodynamic monitoring, meanwhile, specific response release of the vesicle complex is achieved, and a new thought is provided for design of responsive vascular implants.

A mitochondrial transplantation system includes a mitochondrial and an apoptosis vesicular membrane, the mitochondrial being carried within the apoptosis vesicular membrane. When a system composed of mitochondria and apoptosis vesicles acts on endothelial cells, the targeting and efficiency of mitochondria transplantation are improved, mitochondria autophagy is generated, mitochondria autophagy is reactivated to remove damaged mitochondria of the endothelial cells, the removal of damaged mitochondria is promoted, and the cell functions of the damaged endothelial cells of mitochondria are recovered. The wound healing is favorably promoted. A system composed of mitochondria and apoptosis vesicle membrane is used as an active component to prepare a drug or a medical device for promoting wound healing.

The invention relates to the fields of pharmacology and molecular biology, and discloses an autophagy inhibitory polypeptide competitively combined with an LIR docking site of an autophagy-related protein LC3 and application of the autophagy inhibitory polypeptide. Through molecular docking simulation, through LIR docking sites of targeted LC3 protein, 794 bioactive polypeptides which can be combined are screened out. Functional result analysis shows that peptide 3 #, peptide 4 # and peptide 5 # are competitively combined with LIR docking sites of the LC3 protein, so that formation of autophagy vesicles is inhibited in a targeted manner, and proliferation and survival of autophagy-dependent pancreatic cancer cells are effectively inhibited; the strategy is combined with chemotherapeutic drugs to show a synergistic effect, and the pancreatic cancer resisting curative effect is remarkably enhanced.

The invention discloses a preparation method of DRP1 engineered mitochondrial derived vesicles and application of the DRP1 engineered mitochondrial derived vesicles in cell aging resistance. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a lentiviral vector of an overexpressed DRP1 gene, and transfecting cells to obtain a cell strain of the stable overexpressed DRP1 gene; and culturing the cell strain, collecting a culture solution, and separating and extracting the mitochondrial derived vesicles to obtain the DRP1 engineered mitochondrial derived vesicles DRP1-MDVs rich in mtDNA. The DRP1-MDVs is used for treating senescent cells, the DRP1-MDVs is successfully internalized into senescent cells, the ROS level can be effectively reduced, the mitochondrial mtDNA and ATP content can be improved, the mtDNA mutation rate can be reduced, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial network structure can be recovered, and finally the expression of senescence-related proteins P16 and P21 can be reduced. The obvious mitochondrial function repairing potential and the cell aging improving effect are shown.

The invention discloses a preparation method of intelligent response hydrogel for programmed delivery of hypoxia endogenous stem cell vesicles and application of the intelligent response hydrogel in promotion of postoperative peritoneum non-adhesion healing. The hydrogel is formed by crosslinking a first component, namely gallic acid modified chitosan loaded with hypoxia energizing stem cell vesicles, and a second component, namely aminophenylboronic acid grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid, and a double-network structure is constructed through a phenylboronic acid ester bond and a dynamic covalent imine bond. The hypoxia energizing stem cell vesicles cooperate with the hydrogel matrix to promote polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory repair phenotype, and peritoneum repair is promoted. Phenylboronic acid ester bonds in the hydrogel respond to high active oxygen level programmed delivery of the hypoxia energizing stem cell vesicles in a postoperative injury area to form material response and biological intervention synergy, so that the problem that the stem cell vesicles are difficult to accurately regulate and control adhesion forming key links is solved; and a comprehensive solution with physical barrier and tissue repair functions is provided for postoperative peritoneum non-adhesion healing.

The application provides a preparation method of NK cell-derived nanovesicles and application thereof. Specifically, the application provides NK cell-derived nanovesicles (NK-NVs) which are similar to the characteristics and functions of NK cell-derived extracellular vesicles by an extrusion method / stress gradient membrane remodeling technology, and also provides a drug composition, a drug delivery system and corresponding use of the NK-NVs as a delivery carrier for delivering an antitumor drug. The preparation method of the application can mass-produce NK-NVs and kill various types of tumor cells. The NK-NVs have multiple advantages in drug delivery, so that they are expected to be a new choice for tumor immunotherapy, especially for tumor cells with drug resistance, and can significantly improve the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and have a wide application prospect.

A cationic hyaluronic acid coated spanlastic, comprising a drug-loaded vesicle. The surface of the drug-loaded vesicle is modified by cationic hyaluronic acid, the drug-loaded vesicle comprises a vesicle membrane and a hydrophobic drug wrapped by the vesicle membrane, and the vesicle membrane comprises a nonionic surfactant and an edge activator.

The invention provides preparation and application of black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles and PDRN loaded on the black cymbidium hookerianum, the black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles are extracted from the black cymbidium hookerianum by taking the black cymbidium hookerianum as a source and combining an optimized differential-ultracentrifugation extraction process, and the black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles can be used for loading multiple active ingredients and can be used for preparing the PDRN loaded on the black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles. Particularly, the black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles are subjected to surface cation modification so as to be used for loading PDRN, and the black cymbidium hookerianum vesicles can be applied to the directions of cosmetics with functions of functionalization, formula compounding, oxidation resistance, aging resistance and the like.

The present application relates to the technical field of biomedical materials, in particular to an engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel enriched with PD-L1 and Siglec-15, and a preparation method and application thereof. The engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel is simultaneously enriched with PD-L1 and Siglec-15, and comprises a hydrogel matrix and PDL1-Siglec15-sEVs loaded in the hydrogel matrix, wherein the PDL1-Siglec15-sEVs are small extracellular vesicles overexpressing PD-L1 and Siglec-15. Compared with natural small extracellular vesicles and traditional wound treatment strategies, the engineered small extracellular vesicle hydrogel of the present application can realize more precise immune microenvironment regulation at the local wound by enriching PD-L1 and Siglec-15 in the vesicles, moderately inhibit excessive inflammatory response, promote the phenotype transformation of macrophages to a phenotype conducive to tissue regeneration, help smooth transition from the inflammatory stage to the proliferation and reconstruction stage, and the hydrogel as a carrier can provide a moist healing environment and a three-dimensional scaffold structure, significantly prolong the residence time of the engineered small extracellular vesicles at the local wound, and realize slow release.

Technologies for acoustoelectronic manipulation of micro / nano particles include a system having a piezoelectric substrate coupled to one or more acoustic transducers and a fluid layer positioned above the substrate. Micro / nano particles are introduced to the fluid, which can be in the form of a droplet or in a confined channel, and a signal is applied to the acoustic transducer. One or more parameters of the signal are varied after introducing the micro / nano particles into the fluid. The parameters may include amplitude, frequency, or phase of the signal. The system may include one or more acoustic transducers. Multiple signals may be applied to the acoustic transducers. Wave superposition of acoustic waves in the substrate manipulates micro / nano particles in the fluid. The nanoparticles may include carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, graphene flakes, quantum dots, SERS probes, exosomes, vesicles, DNA, RNA, antibodies, antigens, macromolecules, or proteins.

The invention discloses a novel multi-dimensional cascade assembled micro-nano intestinal delivery carrier and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of biological medicine and functional materials.The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, phospholipid and a sterol regulator are dissolved in an ethanol solution to form a lipid film, the solution is added for hydration, and the lipid film is obtained; then treating to obtain a monodisperse vesicle suspension; s2, adding the vesicle suspension into the composite solution, and inducing adsorption of an inner shell layer to form intermediate particles; and S3, dropwise adding a cationic electrolyte solution into the intermediate particle suspension, and carrying out interface electrostatic complexing and coordination cross-linking reaction to obtain the delivery carrier. By constructing a cascade self-assembly delivery carrier with a multi-layer core-shell structure, the problem that a large amount of drugs are inactivated due to insufficient shielding in an extreme stomach environment can be solved, so that space-time limited release of the drugs in specific parts of intestinal tracts is realized, and oral bioavailability and targeted therapy efficiency are greatly improved.

The application discloses a kind of SNX9 engineering mitochondria vesicles and its preparation method and application in improving insulin resistance.The application first constructs the vector of overexpression SNX9 gene, transfects cell, obtains stable overexpression SNX9 gene cell strain, culture, collects culture solution, obtains SNX9-MDVs by centrifugal separation;Then mtDNA is extracted from cell and introduced into SNX9-MDVs, to obtain the engineering mitochondria vesicles mtDNA-SNX9-MDVs rich in mtDNA.MtDNA-SNX9-MDVs are used for insulin resistance treatment, and the results show that mtDNA-SNX9-MDVs can effectively increase mitochondrial ATP and mtDNA content, enhance cell antioxidant enzyme activity, reduce ROS, improve mitochondrial network structure, increase the expression of insulin signal pathway related proteins, and show obvious mitochondrial function repair potential and insulin resistance improvement effect.

The invention discloses an analysis method for storage of single vesicles in ventral spinal cord motor neuron-like organs induced and differentiated by an iPSC technology. The method sequentially comprises the steps of construction of an acetylcholine nano microelectrode sensor interface, recovery and culture of human pluripotent stem cells, directional differentiation of spinal cord movement organs and storage and detection of single vesicle acetylcholine. A new thought and a new method are provided for monitoring the level of acetylcholine stored in the single vesicles at the single cell level, and the method has important theoretical significance and wide practical value in research of pathogenesis of diseases, drug screening and the like in the field of neuroscience.

The invention discloses a human-derived active composition co-loaded exosome for organoid screening and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of cosmetics, and particularly relates to a human-derived active composition co-loaded exosome. The human-derived active composition co-loaded exosome comprises an oil-phase outer shell which is modified by phospholipid polyethylene glycol polypeptide in a targeting manner, and a water-phase inner shell which wraps the oil-phase outer shell, the oil phase shell is an outer oil phase formed by self-assembly of an exosome-like shell composition; the water-phase inner shell is an inner water phase formed by an exosome-like inner core composition; the exosome-like in-vivo nucleus composition contains blue copper peptide and N-acetylneuraminic acid. According to the human-derived active composition co-loaded exosome disclosed by the invention, efficient co-loading encapsulation and stable delivery of blue copper peptide and N-acetylneuraminic acid are realized, and the anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and skin repairing effects of the human-derived active composition co-loaded exosome are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a cell membrane vesicle self-assembly body loaded with spirulina PDRN and a preparation method of the cell membrane vesicle self-assembly body, and belongs to the technical field of cosmetics. The preparation method comprises the following steps: homogenizing and crushing spirulina at low temperature and high pressure, and performing graded filtration to prepare spirulina vesicle suspension; mixing with auxiliary materials such as spirulina platensis source PDRN, hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine and the like to prepare a medicine-carrying vesicle premixed solution; and carrying out pre-homogenization, low-temperature fine homogenization and graded filtration to obtain the target self-assembly body. According to the invention, the spirulina natural cell membrane vesicles are taken as a core carrier, efficient encapsulation of PDRN is realized through membrane fusion recombination, the encapsulation efficiency of the obtained product can reach 55% or more, the transdermal absorption performance is excellent, UVB-induced skin light injury cells can be remarkably repaired, and the product has the effects of resisting aging, tightening, resisting wrinkles and whitening, and can be widely applied to preparation of skin care products.

The invention discloses a drug loading capacity detection method for drug loading vesicles, and belongs to the technical field of biomedicine.The method comprises the steps that Fe3O4 (at) S < O2 > composite magnetic beads with the surfaces modified with phosphatidyl ethanolamine derivatives serve as enrichment carriers, a Cy5 fluorescent dye and a Cu-MOF nano-enzyme-drug aptamer probe are used for constructing a double-signal detection system, and the detection system is used for detecting the drug loading capacity of the drug loading vesicles; quantification is realized through magnetic bead affinity separation, double-signal labeling, catalytic color development, fluorescence correction and drug loading capacity conversion, and the method comprises the following specific steps: preparing affinity magnetic beads and double-signal probes, preparing blank and standard drug loading vesicles, and verifying the integrity; mixing a drug-loaded vesicle sample with the affinity magnetic beads, incubating, performing magnetic separation and washing, and sequentially performing double-signal labeling and purification; tMB-H2O2 substrate is added for reaction, the absorbance of 450 nm and the fluorescence intensity of 670 nm are measured, after blank correction, the three-dimensional regression equation is introduced to calculate the drug concentration, the drug loading capacity is obtained by combining the concentration of the vesicles, the completeness and purity of the vesicles can be synchronously verified, the anti-interference capacity is high, and the method is suitable for detection of drug loading vesicles of different sources.

A cell exosome, which contains, on the membrane surface thereof, one or more phospholipids of a high-fluidity liposome and a surface protein of a cancer cell.

The invention belongs to the cross technical field of cell engineering, nano-drugs and biological manufacturing, and particularly discloses a drug-loaded vesicle based on denucleated cells as well as a preparation method and application of the drug-loaded vesicle. According to the invention, a cell suspension and a cytoskeleton relaxant are co-incubated to relax an actin skeleton and weaken nucleoplasm connection; then loading the treated cell suspension on a multi-layer discontinuous density gradient centrifugal medium, realizing physical separation of cell nucleuses and cytoplasm through high-speed centrifugation according to buoyancy density difference, and collecting components of a specific interface to obtain high-purity denucleated cells with a complete membrane structure; then co-incubating the denucleated cells and ROS response type lipidosome (co-carrying therapeutic siRNA and a sound-sensitive agent Ce6) prepared in advance, so that the lipidosome is wrapped or anchored by a denucleated cell membrane; finally, the composite system is subjected to extrusion treatment through a microporous membrane, the drug-loaded vesicles uniform in particle size and stable in structure are obtained, and the drug-loaded vesicles are suitable for various application scenes such as anti-tumor treatment and RNA vaccine delivery.