The present invention is directed to an oncolytic vector together with one or more
antibiotics, one or more a probiotics or other
microbiome-targeting compositions, and / or one or more fecal transplant for use in the treatment of
cancer. The invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising an oncolytic vector with one or more of the following: an antibiotic, a
probiotic, a
microbiome-targeting composition and a fecal transplant. The invention is also directed to a kit which comprises a first container, a second container, and a
package insert, wherein the first container comprises at least one
dose of a pharmaceutical composition containing an oncolytic vector, the second container containing one of the following: an antibiotic, a
probiotic, a
microbiome-targeting composition or a fecal transplant, and the
package insert comprises instructions for treating a subject having
cancer using the compositions of the first and second containers, wherein said
probiotic, microbiome-targeting composition or fecal transplant comprises or promotes a bacterial species which improves the effect of the treatment with an oncolytic vector in a subject when said bacterial species is present in the
gut microbiome of said subject, and wherein said antibiotic is effective against a bacterial species which decreases the effect of the treatment with an oncolytic vector in a subject when said bacterial species is present in the
gut microbiome of said subject.