77 results about "Diabrezide" patented technology

The invention discloses bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR and a purification method and application thereof.The molecular weight of the bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR is 570.34 Da, and the amino acid sequence of the bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. The bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR is obtained by extracting bullfrog skin enzymatic hydrolysate through an enzymolysis means to construct a polypeptide library, then screening the polypeptide library through computer-aided screening, and then evaluating the screened peptide fragments so as to be optimal. Finally, the purified bullfrog skin source peptide LGPQR is obtained. According to the bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR as well as the purification method and the application thereof, the bullfrog skin-derived peptide LGPQR has relatively good functions of reducing blood sugar and resisting oxidation, has application potential of type II diabetes medicines, and is safe and free of toxic and side effects. The amino acid sequence is short, the operability is high, and the social popularization and application value is good.

The invention provides camel milk active peptide and application thereof in preparation of drugs and edible products for treating and / or preventing diabetes mellitus. Two polypeptide compounds are obtained from papain enzymolysis products of fresh camel milk. Bioactivity evaluation shows that the polypeptide compound has remarkable protein tyrosine phospholipase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity, can enhance insulin receptor sensitivity and promote hepatocyte glucose uptake, has patent medicine potential in the aspect of treating type II diabetes, and can be used for preparing medicines for treating type II diabetes. And a new material basis is provided for developing innovative medicines for treating type II diabetes and developing innovative PTP1B inhibitor hypoglycemic medicines.

The invention discloses bullfrog skin-derived peptide and a purification method and application thereof.The molecular weight of the bullfrog skin-derived peptide is 1035.52 Da, and the amino acid sequence of the bullfrog skin-derived peptide is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. The bullfrog skin-derived peptide is extracted through an enzymolysis means to construct a polypeptide library, then the polypeptide library is screened through computer-aided screening, then screened peptide fragments are evaluated so as to be optimized, and the bullfrog skin-derived peptide is obtained. And finally obtaining the purified bullfrog skin source peptide. According to the bullfrog skin source peptide and the purification method and application thereof, the bullfrog skin source peptide has good blood sugar reducing and oxidation resisting functions, has the application potential of type II diabetes mellitus drugs, and is safe and free of toxic and side effects. The amino acid sequence is short, the operability is high, and the social popularization and application value is good.

The invention discloses a phloretin derivative and application thereof in preparation of a medicine for treating diabetes, relates to the technical field of medicines, and in particular relates to a compound as shown in a formula (1) and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the compound. Pharmacological experiment results show that the compound shown in the formula (1) has extremely high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, so that the generation of glucose is inhibited, and the pharmacological action of resisting diabetes mellitus is exerted through the action mechanism.

The invention discloses an application of a dendrobium extract in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes, and mainly relates to the technical field of dendrobium. Particularly, the invention provides the dendrobium extract-containing medicine for treating the type 2 diabetes, so that the stability of components applied to the medicine for treating the type 2 diabetes in acidic, neutral and alkaline environments is improved, and the blood sugar rising amplitude is slowed down. Compared with the prior art, the medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus prepared by the invention takes the dendrobium extract as a core and is matched with the synergistic emulsion, the rhizoma polygonati extract, the dogwood extract, the radix salviae miltiorrhizae extract, the bitter gourd extract, the vitamin B and the trace element chromium element; the traditional Chinese medicine composition disclosed by the invention can be used for synergistically regulating blood sugar metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, improving microcirculation, stabilizing blood sugar, improving insulin resistance and lipid metabolism and enhancing immunity and cardiovascular functions, and a safe and effective medicine is provided for preventing and treating type II diabetes.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological medicine, and particularly relates to application of hUC-MSCs combined with Met in preparation of anti-diabetic drugs. The diabetes mellitus is particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus. Through construction of a T2DM rat model, paraffin tissue section detection, serum ELISA, cell experiments and the like, researches prove that T2DM can be effectively treated by HUC-MSCs combined with Met treatment, including reduction of body blood sugar and recovery of blood sugar regulation ability; liver injury caused by T2DM is relieved and repaired; the glycolipid metabolism of the liver of the T2DM rat is improved; the immune inflammation disorder caused by T2DM is relieved; and the apoptosis level of liver cells is improved. And compared with a single hUC-MSCs or Met treatment mode, the combined treatment mode has a better treatment effect. The invention provides a theoretical basis and a new treatment strategy for treatment of T2DM.

The invention discloses application of a potential active component 4-methylesculetin of Xiasangju in preparation of a medicine for preventing and treating diabetes, and belongs to the field of medicine. The invention provides an application of 4-methylesculetin in preparation of a medicine for preventing and treating diabetes, which can promote the consumption of glucose by cells, reduce the level of ROS and MDA in liver tissues and increase the level of SOD and GSH-PX in the liver tissues. According to the invention, on the basis of the Xiasangju, the medicinal components of the Xiasangju are researched, the medicinal active components and the administration dosage are defined, the administration safety is improved, and the Xiasangju also plays an important role in preventing and treating diabetic complications.

The invention provides an application of cichorium glandulosum polysaccharide in preparation, basic characterization and type 2 diabetes mellitus relieving medicines, and belongs to the technical field of medicines. Animal experiment results show that after the cichorium glandulosum polysaccharide is applied to type 2 diabetic mice, serum biochemical indexes can be adjusted, the blood sugar level can be reduced, organ injuries can be protected or repaired, and PI3K / AKT / mTOR signal channel related protein expression in the main glycometabolism target organ liver can be adjusted. Therefore, the prepared cichorium glandulosum polysaccharide can be used as a medicine for relieving type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The application discloses a benzothiophenone derivative, a preparation method and application thereof. The benzothiophenone derivative, a tautomer, an optical isomer, a hydrate, a solvate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, and the chemical structure of the benzothiophenone derivative is shown as formula (I), wherein R is any one of the following groups: a substituted alkane and N-benzyl-2-chloroformamide. The benzothiophenone derivative can regulate a PPARγ target as an anti-type 2 diabetes drug, can reserve insulin sensitivity, can avoid related side effects caused by a PPARγ full agonist, and has a 'highly efficient and safe' hypoglycemic effect.

The application discloses application of Xintong preparation in preparation of a medicine for treating diabetes and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicines. The Xintong preparation is prepared from 13 raw medicinal materials of Huangqi, Gegen, Danshen, Dangshen, Maidong, Heshouwu, Yinyanghuo, Dangui, Zaokesheng, Haizao, Kelp, Muli and Zhishi, has the effects of benefiting qi and activating blood, reducing phlegm and dredging collaterals. Pharmacodynamic experiments show that the Xintong preparation has the effect of reducing blood sugar, can effectively improve the physical conditions of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria and emaciation and lack of strength of an animal model of diabetes, significantly reduces the fasting blood sugar and serum insulin level, improves the oral glucose tolerance, has a definite treatment effect on type II diabetes, and expands the clinical application range of the Xintong preparation, and has a wide market application prospect.

The present invention provides a phloretin derivative and its use in preparing a medicament for treating diabetes, relating to the field of medical technology, and particularly to a compound represented by formula (1) and its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Pharmacological experimental results show that the compound represented by formula (1) has extremely high α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, thereby inhibiting the production of glucose, and further exerting an anti-diabetic pharmacological effect through this mechanism of action.

The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, in particular to a preparation method of an anti-diabetic traditional Chinese medicine composition. Through long-term research, the raw medicinal materials are processed by adopting different processing methods, and the anti-diabetic traditional Chinese medicine composition disclosed by the invention has a good anti-diabetic effect through the steps of decocting, concentrating and the like in combination with a specific ratio. Specifically, in the aspect of processing, corresponding processing methods are adopted according to the characteristics of different medicinal materials, so that the medicine effect of the medicinal materials in the aspect of resisting diabetes mellitus is exerted to the greatest extent; in the aspect of the formula, the anti-diabetes traditional Chinese medicine composition is endowed with the function of improving diabetes mellitus through the synergistic effect of the raw materials under the specific dosage, and a new thought is provided for research and development of diabetes mellitus medicines. The result of the embodiment shows that the anti-diabetic traditional Chinese medicine composition provided by the invention has a remarkable treatment effect on diabetes, the average fasting blood-glucose is reduced by more than 23% after the composition is taken for 60 days, and the anti-diabetic traditional Chinese medicine composition is small in side effect, short in treatment cycle and remarkable in social benefit.

The invention relates to application of DOP (dioctyl phthalate) in preparation of medicines for regulating lipid metabolism, resisting diabetes and resisting intestinal microorganisms. The DOP significantly alleviates DIO by inhibiting the expansion of lipid droplets (LD) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and down-regulating LD-related genes (including PLIN2 and PLIN3). DOP can target visceral fat, significantly improve visceral fat hypertrophy and hyperplasia (especially epididymal fat EAT is taken as aboriginal) induced by high fat diet (HFD), inhibit formation of lipid droplets, reduce expression of lipid droplet coating protein PLIN2 / 3, and block the accumulation process of lipid droplets (LD). Consistent with we have observed that DOP also inhibits the expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis and adipogenesis, including Fabp1, Fast, Ldlr, Cebpb, and Dio2. These findings show that DOP can improve diet-induced obesity by regulating lipid droplet-related pathways.

The application belongs to the technical field of diabetes drugs, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating insulin resistance of diabetes and a preparation method thereof. Main components of the composition are as follows in terms of weight parts: 20-40 parts of Huangqi, 15-25 parts of Gegen, 12-18 parts of fried Baizhu, 20-40 parts of Sangzhi, 9-15 parts of Danshen, 15-25 parts of Tianhuafen, 20-40 parts of Shanyao, 12-18 parts of Baichandou, 9-15 parts of Sharen, 9-15 parts of Qianshi and 9-15 parts of Cansha. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by matching spleen-invigorating and qi-tonifying drugs with heat-clearing and dampness-removing drugs, and by matching yin tonifying with yang raising, so that yin and yang of the spleen are generated, dampness and heat evil are removed, and the functions of invigorating the spleen, clearing heat and removing dampness are achieved. The traditional Chinese medicine composition has remarkable curative effects on improving symptoms and signs of insulin resistance of diabetes and improving the life quality of patients.

The invention provides a buccal tablet composition for adjuvant therapy of diabetes and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of medicinal and edible compositions. The composition is prepared from bee pollen, propolis, lyophilized royal jelly powder, cooked radix puerariae powder, a fermentation material and inulin, wherein the fermentation material is prepared by fermenting mulberry leaves and bitter gourds by adopting lactobacillus mucilaginosus and kluyveromyces marxianus together. According to the traditional Chinese medicine composition, the defects in the prior art are overcome, the side effects of medicine taking of the type 2 diabetes mellitus can be effectively relieved through extraction and preparation of natural components, meanwhile, a certain diabetes mellitus treatment effect is achieved, and an important direction is provided for treatment of patients with the type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The invention discloses application of four secondary metabolite compounds I-IV separated from penicillium in inhibition of alpha-glucosidase, in-vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity screening is carried out by adopting a pNPG method, the IC50 value of the compound I is 0.744 + / -0.014 mM, the IC50 value of the compound II is 0.768 + / -0.025 mM, the IC50 value of the compound III is 1.23 + / -0.183 mM, the IC50 value of the compound IV is 0.887 + / -0.005 mM, the IC50 value of a positive control acarbose is 5.10 + / -0.147 mM, and the IC50 value of a negative control acarbose is 5.10 + / -0.147 mM. It can be seen that the inhibition activity of the compounds I-IV on alpha-glucosidase is higher than that of acarbose, and the compounds provided by the invention have good application prospects in the aspect of preparing the medicine for preventing and treating diabetes.

The invention relates to an application of PBX1 as an active component in preparation of type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs or medical instruments, so as to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus, promote repair and regeneration of damaged pancreas islets and improve functions of insulin. The symptoms comprise water intake, food intake and fasting blood glucose; the method for promoting the repair and regeneration of the damaged pancreas islet comprises the steps of inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreas islet beta cells of diabetic mice, promoting the proliferation of the beta cells and recovering the tissue structure of the damaged pancreas islet; the function of improving the pancreas islet comprises the steps of stimulating secretion of insulin, improving the level of an insulin receptor, promoting absorption of an organism to glucose and reducing serum hyperglycemia and HbA1c concentration of diabetic mice, so that the effect of treating both symptoms and root causes of diabetes is achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to application of urolithin A and beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide in preparation of a medicine for treating diabetes. The invention finds that when the urolithin A and the beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide are independently used, the hypoglycemic effect on diabetic mice cannot be realized, and when the urolithin A and the beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide are jointly used, the symptoms of diabetes and insulin resistance caused by high fat diet can be remarkably improved; the glucose tolerance and the insulin tolerance are improved; meanwhile, the content of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol in a mouse body is reduced, so that the risk of thrombus occurrence is reduced; in addition, combined medication can significantly reduce liver cell lipid accumulation and improve mitochondrial morphological abnormality. The invention provides a brand new technical scheme and experimental basis for treating diabetes caused by high fat diet and relieving insulin resistance, and has important medical application value.

The invention belongs to the technical field of diabetes medicines, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating diabetic insulin resistance and a preparation method thereof, the composition comprises the following main components by weight: 20-40 parts of Radix Astragali, 15-25 parts of Radix Puerariae, 12-18 parts of fried Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 20-40 parts of mulberry twig, 9-15 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 15-25 parts of Radix Trichosanthis, 20-40 parts of Chinese yam, 12-18 parts of white hyacinth bean and 9-15 parts of Fructus Amomi. , 9-15 parts of gordon euryale seed and 9-15 parts of silkworm excrement. According to the traditional Chinese medicine composition, medicines for invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi are matched with medicines for clearing away heat and eliminating dampness, yin tonifying and yang raising are simultaneously used, yin and yang of the spleen are mutually generated, dampness eliminating and heat clearing are simultaneously used, dampness and heat evil are removed, the effects of invigorating the spleen, clearing heat and eliminating dampness are jointly achieved, and the curative effects of improving diabetes insulin resistance symptoms and signs, improving the life quality of patients and the like are remarkable.

To provide DPP-4 inhibitors for treating and / or preventing metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, in patients with insufficient glycemic control despite a therapy with an oral and / or non-oral antidiabetic drug.SOLUTION: The present invention provides the use of a DPP-4 inhibitor represented by formula (I) and the like.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention discloses application of houttuynia cordata polysaccharide in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes, and belongs to the technical field of polysaccharide. The preparation method of the herba houttuyniae polysaccharide specifically comprises the following steps: by taking herba houttuyniae as a raw material, drying, crushing, degreasing, treating by utilizing ultrasonic waves and a compound enzyme, taking supernate, carrying out alcohol precipitation, removing protein by virtue of a Sevag method, putting into a rotary evaporator to remove a residual solvent, purifying by virtue of a DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow chromatographic column and a Sephacryl S-300 gel chromatographic column, and finally freeze-drying, so as to obtain the herba houttuyniae polysaccharide. The medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus is a preparation prepared by taking houttuynia cordata polysaccharide as an active component and adding pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials or auxiliary components. The medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus can regulate the intestinal flora structure, which is expressed by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria to restore the balance of the intestinal flora and increasing the content of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in the intestinal tract at the same time.

The invention discloses an application of miR-100 sponge in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. The miR-100 sponge can inhibit miR-100 in a targeted manner and close the expression of miR-100 in beta cells. The nucleic acid construct is further prepared from the nucleic acid construct, AAV8-mmu-miR-100 Sponge (AAV-Sponge) is injected into pancreatic ducts of obese diabetes mellitus mice, after treatment is conducted for 4 weeks, it is found that the sugar tolerance of the mice in a treatment group is improved, the GSIS function of beta cells is improved, and the nucleic acid construct is expected to be further applied to preparation of the medicine for treating the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The problems that current treatment methods for type 2 diabetes mellitus are deficient and the treatment cost is high are solved.

The invention discloses an application of a jerusalem artichoke tuber alcohol extract in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and belongs to the technical field of medicines, the chemical components of the jerusalem artichoke tuber alcohol extract are mainly flavonoid substances, and the jerusalem artichoke tuber alcohol extract can remarkably recover the weight of a mouse with the type 2 diabetes mellitus and improve glucose metabolism indexes such as fasting blood-glucose and oral glucose tolerance; meanwhile, insulin sensitivity is stimulated to secrete insulin, and the functions of pancreatic beta cells are recovered; in addition, the concentration of biochemical indexes such as total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver is reduced, lipid metabolism of the liver is improved, and a new direction is provided for research and development of natural plant source hypoglycemic products.

This invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology and discloses a spirocyclic triterpenoid compound, its preparation method, and its application in the preparation of antidiabetic drugs. This invention uses the whole herb of *Euphorbia humifusa* as the isolation target and employs an efficient and systematic separation and preparation method to enrich terpenoid compounds. A spirocyclic triterpenoid compound was obtained through silica gel, ODS column chromatography, and HPLC. In vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase experiments confirmed that compound I has significant hypoglycemic activity and can be used as an active ingredient in antidiabetic drugs, with broad applications.

The application provides a crystallization process and product of recombinant insulin, and relates to the technical field of biological medicine; the crystallization process comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving recombinant insulin, an organic acid, an organic solvent, a salt and water, adding a zinc substance to obtain a crystallization solution; adjusting pH, and then standing after low-temperature stirring; and separating the recombinant insulin crystal; in the crystallization solution, when the insulin concentration is 5g / L, the organic solvent concentration is 10%-30%, and pH=8.0-9.3; when 5<insulin concentration≤10g / L, the organic solvent concentration is 15%-30%, and pH=8.8-9.5. In the absence of phenolic substances, the application realizes the successful crystallization of high-concentration recombinant insulin by adopting specific concentrations of recombinant insulin and organic solvent and adjusting pH; the crystal form is similar to that in the presence of phenol; and the obtained crystalline recombinant insulin is applied to the preparation of a drug for treating diabetes.

The invention provides a crystallization process of recombinant insulin glargine and a product, and relates to the technical field of biological medicines. The crystallization process comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving recombinant insulin glargine, organic acid, an organic solvent, salt and water, and adding zinc substances to obtain a crystallization solution; adjusting the pH value, stirring at low temperature, standing, and separating the recombinant insulin glargine crystal; in the crystallization solution, when the concentration of insulin is 5g / L, the concentration of the organic solvent is 10-30%, and the pH is 8.0-9.3; when the concentration of insulin is more than 5 and less than or equal to 10g / L, the concentration of the organic solvent is 15-30%, and the pH is 8.8-9.5. Under the condition of no phenolic substances, the successful crystallization of the high-concentration recombinant insulin glargine is realized by adopting the specific concentration of the recombinant insulin glargine and the concentration of the organic solvent and combining the conditions of pH regulation and the like; the crystal form of the recombinant insulin glargine is similar to that of the insulin glargine with phenol, and the obtained crystallized recombinant insulin glargine is applied to preparation of drugs for treating diabetes.

The invention relates to an application of a sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract, in particular to an application of the sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and an application of the sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract in preparation of a medicine for improving cell oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract is prepared by the following steps: soaking sargassum fusiforme in water, desalting, washing and removing impurities for later use; adding deionized water into the sargassum fusiforme, and heating at 100 DEG C in a pressure cooker; cooling the tap water to normal temperature after heating is finished, collecting the solution, centrifuging to take supernate, concentrating the supernate, and freeze-drying to obtain the sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract SFE. The prepared sargassum fusiforme aqueous extract can effectively promote consumption of IR-HepG2 extracellular glucose, effectively improve the oxidative stress state of IR-HepG2 cells and remarkably reverse down-regulation of key proteins (HO-1 and Keap1) in insulin resistance MOD group cells, can be used for preparing drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has the advantages of being safe and free of toxic and side effects.

The invention discloses an application of schizophyllumcommuneh in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, and belongs to the technical field of pharmacy. The active ingredient of the medicine for treating the type II diabetes is a schizophyllumcommuneh extract, and the preparation method of the schizophyllumcommuneh extract comprises the following steps: taking schizophyllumcommuneh as a raw material, extracting through an enzymolysis and microwave-assisted method, and then performing ethanol precipitation and spray drying to obtain the schizophyllumcommuneh extract. Based on a diabetic mouse model, in the aspect of monitoring the blood sugar content of a mouse, the Schizophyllumcommuneh is found to have prevention and treatment effects on the type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the Schizophyllumcommuneh is proved to have an exact curative effect on the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Schizophyllumcommuneh extract prepared by the invention has the characteristics of safety and high efficiency, has potential development value for type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs, is a natural preparation, and is worthy of popularization.

A semaglutide soluble microneedle composition and a preparation method therefor are disclosed. The soluble microneedle composition comprises a needle material and a base material. The needle material comprises semaglutide and hyaluronidase, and a mass ratio of semaglutide to hyaluronidase is (0.05-172):1. The semaglutide and the hyaluronidase are combined to prepare the soluble microneedle composition, so that the semaglutide can be better promoted to diffuse into the systemic circulation. Compared with a semaglutide oral tablet, the soluble microneedle composition has the advantages that the blood sugar regulating effect is improved by nearly 40 times, the bioavailability of semaglutide is improved, and the dosage and the cost of the hypoglycemic drug are reduced. Moreover, the soluble microneedle technology causes no pain during use and reduces the discomforts of users.

The invention discloses an application of a Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule in preparation of a medicine for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, a luciferase reporter gene plasmid is constructed by targeted targeting of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is one of the most effective targets for treating the type 2 diabetes mellitus at the present stage, HEK-293T is used as a tool cell in vitro, and the application of the Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule in preparation of the medicine for treating the type 2 diabetes mellitus is realized. GLP-1R luciferase reporter gene plasmids are transfected into the GLP-1R promoter, and luciferase reporter gene experiments find that the Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule can significantly up-regulate the activity of the GLP-1R promoter. Furthermore, verification is carried out through in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, and results show that the Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule has a certain protection effect on MIN6 cells damaged by palmitic acid and has a remarkable improvement effect on glucolipid metabolism of mice with type 2 diabetes by influencing a GLP-1R signal channel, so that the Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule can be used as a preparation for treating the type 2 diabetes and has a good application prospect. The traditional Chinese medicine composition can be prepared into oral liquid, injection, tablets, capsules, granules, dripping pills and the like which are permissible in pharmacy.