1134 results about "Glycemic" patented technology

A method, system, and computer program product related to the maintenance of optimal control of diabetes, and is directed to predicting the long-term exposure to hyperglycemia, and the long-term and short-term risks of severe or moderate hypoglycemia in diabetics, based on blood blucose readings collected by a self-monitoring blood glucose device. The method, system, and computer program product pertain directly to the enhancement of existing home blood glucose monitoring devices, by introducing an intelligent data interpretation component capable of predicting both HbA1c and periods of increased risk of hypoglycemia, and to the enhancement of emerging continuous monitoring devices by the same features. With these predictions the diabetic can take steps to prevent the adverse consequences associated with hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

An apparatus and method are provided for determining a patient's carbohydrate to insulin ratio (CIR) and insulin sensitivity factor (ISF), and using these values, along with values for current blood glucose level and deviation from target blood glucose level, for determining insulin dose in view of carbohydrate intake during a particular time period. The apparatus and method employ algorithms that can be implemented in any of a personal computer, personal data assistant, hand held computing device, blood glucose monitor, infusion pump, medication delivery pen, meter, calculator, among other therapeutic, diagnostic or informational devices used for managing a patient's blood glucose levels.

A computer implemented method and associated apparatus for the combined control of insulin bolus dosing and basal delivery for the goal of achieving normal glycemic response to meals, exercise, stressors, and other perturbations to blood glucose levels. A run-to-run algorithm is used to monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin delivery as conditions are varied.

The present invention relates to novel peptide conjugates which have increased stability and are useful in the treatment of excess levels of blood glucose.

FBPase inhibitors of the formula I and Xare useful in the treatment of diabetes and other conditions associated with elevated blood glucose or excess glycogen storage.

Method and calculations determine an individual's, or several individuals' simultaneous rates of oxygen consumption, maximum rates of oxygen consumption, heart rates, calorie expenditures, and METS (multiples of metabolic resting rate) in order to determine the amounts of work that is performed by the individual's body. A heart monitor measures the heart rate, and an accelerometer measures the acceleration of the body along one or more axes. An altimeter measures change in altitude, a glucose monitor measures glucose in tissue and blood, and thermometers, thermistors, or thermocouples measure body temperature. Data including body fat and blood pressure measurements are stored locally and transferred to a processor for calculation of the rate of physiological energy expenditure. Certain cardiovascular parameters are mathematically determined. Comparison of each axis response to the individual's moment can be used to identify the type of activity performed and the information may be used to accurately calculate total energy expenditure for each physical activity. Energy expenditure may be calculated by assigning a separate proportionality coefficient to each axis and tabulating the resulting filtered dynamic acceleration over time, or by comparison with previously predetermined expenditures for each activity type. A comparison of total energy expenditure from the current activity is compared with expenditure from a previous activity, or with a baseline expenditure rate to assess the level of current expenditure. A measure of the individual's cardio-vascular health may be obtained by monitoring the heart's responses to various types of activity and to total energy expended.

A noninvasive or minimally invasive procedure and system for measuring blood glucose levels is disclosed. A set of photodiodes detects the fluorescence and reflectance of light energy emitted from one or more emitters, such as LEDs, into a patient's skin. In an embodiment, small molecule metabolite reporters (SMMRs) that bind to glucose are introduced to the measurement area to provide more easily detected fluorescence.

Methods and apparatus are provided for determining a diabetic patient's carbohydrate to insulin ratio (CIR), carbohydrate to blood glucose ratio (CGR), and insulin sensitivity factor (ISF) using the patient's record of blood glucose readings, carbohydrate consumption and insulin doses. The method provides the sensitivity factors that best account for the patient's observed blood glucose changes by linear regression of appropriately transformed variables. An apparatus that can collect and store the blood glucose readings, insulin dosages, and carbohydrate intake data and process these data according to this invention can generate statistically characterized sensitivity factors to advise the diabetic patient on optimal bolus insulin dosages.

A blood glucose maintenance system for use by hyperglycemic individuals measures their blood glucose level and calculates an appropriate glucose or insulin dosage based on the measurement. Recheck intervals responsive to dosage history are determined. Warning or alert messages or signals are produced if certain measurements or calculations fall outside established normal ranges. It is particularly useful for patients in a hospital or in-patient environment.

A pancreatic controller (102), comprising: a glucose sensor (118), for sensing a level of glucose or insulin in a body serum; at least one electrode (110, 112), for electrifying an insulin producing cell or group of cells; a power source (104) for electrifying said electrode with a pulse that does not initiate an action potential in said cell and has an effect of increasing insulin secretion; and a controller (106) which receives the sensed level and controls said power source to electrify said electrode to have a desired effect on said level.

A method of displaying medical data, particularly data representative of the condition of patients suffering from chronic medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes and hypertension. The display consists of two graphical elements, one of which indicates the current value of a parameter indicative of the patient's condition, this being displayed against another graphical element which represents a model of normality for that patient. The graphical element indicating the current condition may be, for example, a needle, against a scale which is constructed according to the patient-specific model of normality. This is particularly advantageous in the case of displays which have a small display area, such as mobile telephones and PDAs. Other forms of display are disclosed, such as histograms with the display being dynamically colour-coded and auto-scaled, or displays including limits which may vary. Another form of display is also disclosed which illustrates administrations of a pharmacological agent and corresponding measurements of the patient's condition, with a visual link such as colour-coding linking the administration to the corresponding condition measurement. For example several days of insulin administration dosages may be displayed alongside several days of blood glucose measurements, with the administrations colour-coded to the corresponding blood glucose measurement, to assist the patient in determining whether the insulin administration is stably controlling their condition.

An apparatus carries out measurements of blood glucose in a repeatable, non-invasive manner by measurement of the rate of regeneration of retinal visual pigments, such as cone visual pigments. The rate of regeneration of visual pigments is dependent upon the blood glucose concentration, and by measuring the visual pigment regeneration rate, blood glucose concentration can be accurately determined. This apparatus exposes the retina to light of selected wavelengths in selected distributions and subsequently analyzes the reflection (as color or darkness) from a selected portion of the exposed region of the retina, preferably from the fovea.

A controller for an insulin infusion device includes a processor device and a memory element that cooperate to provide a processor-implemented closed-loop insulin limit module. The insulin limit module is operated to obtain: a fasting blood glucose value of a user; a total daily insulin value of the user; and fasting insulin delivery data that is indicative of insulin delivered to the user during a fasting period. The insulin limit module calculates a maximum insulin infusion rate for the user based on the fasting blood glucose value, the total daily insulin value, and the fasting insulin delivery data. The maximum insulin infusion rate is applicable during a period of closed-loop operation of the insulin infusion device.

In an effort to reduce employer health insurance related costs, at least one benefit under a health benefit plan is conditional on the employee voluntarily participating in a wellness program. The wellness program could include wellness categories such as a tobacco free category, normal blood pressure category, regular exercise category, a non-overweight category, a healthy cholesterol level category, a healthy blood glucose level category, and possibly even a category for participation in a health risk assessment. The invention may be implemented by an employer adopting a health plan with a higher deductible over a previous year, and providing credits against that deductible for employees who satisfy requirements regarding each of a variety of wellness categories. This should enable the employer to realize an immediate savings in the year that the invention is implemented, and future savings in years thereafter from healthier employees having lesser numbers of claims and smaller dollar claims.

New optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques are disclosed which are designed to improve OCT glucose concentration measure accuracy and are capable of being performed on a continuous basis. New multi-wavelength optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques are also disclosed and designed to reduce artifacts do to water. New optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques are also disclosed for determining local profusion rates, local analyte transport rates and tissue analyte transport rates as a measure of tissue health, disease progression and state and tissue transplantation effectiveness.

A method for predicting a user's future glycemic state includes measuring a user's glucose concentration at intervals over a time duration, thereby generating a plurality of glucose concentrations as a function of time. First and second glucose prediction equations that are fits to the plurality of glucose concentrations based on first and second non-identical mathematical models, respectively, are then derived. The method also includes calculating first and second predicted glucose concentrations at a future time using the first and second glucose prediction equations, respectively. Thereafter, an average predicted glucose concentration and a merit index are calculated based on the first and second predicted glucose calculations. The plurality of glucose concentrations as a function of time, the merit index and average predicted glucose concentration are input into a trained model (for example, a Hidden Markov Model) that outputs a set of glucose concentration probabilities. The user's future glycemic state is then predicted based on the set of glucose concentration probabilities.

Device for measuring human blood sugar levels with a catheter, the free end of which is positioned in a blood vessel, wherein the catheter consists of at least one optical waveguide comprising a light source for coupling light into the at least one optical waveguide, a measurement point at the free end of the catheter at which point the light is emitted from the at least one optical waveguide, wherein the light is dispersed by the blood and/or transmitted by the blood and wherein the dispersed and/or transmitted light is coupled again into the minimum of one return optical waveguide, a detector to receive the light which is returned, and a computer unit for analysing the light received by the detector. Provision is made for a cleansing device to be located at the point of measurement for removing the tissue particles deposited from the blood in order to provide a device which is as accurate as possible and which delivers constant measurement values over time for blood sugar levels which can be used as the basis for further data analysis.

A method for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring involves metabolic heat measurement and algorithm to correct interferences from environmental factors, and physiological or pathological conditions of subjects.

The present invention relates to a blood analyte measurement system for the procurement of blood samples for measurement of blood properties such as analyte concentration or analyte presence. A blood access system can be coupled with a measurement system such as an electrochemical sensor, and can also be used with other measurement modalities. Embodiments of the present invention can facilitate accurate measurement of blood glucose by the clinician in a sterile manner. Embodiments of the present invention can also enable the calibration of the sensor at one or more calibration points. One desired analyte of measurement is glucose for the effective implementation of glycemic control protocols. Embodiments of the present invention can also be used for the measurement of other analytes such as arterial blood gases, lactate, hemoglobin, potassium and urea. Additionally, embodiments of the present invention can function effectively on a variety of blood access points and specifically enables glucose monitoring in an existing arterial line that is already in place for hemodynamic monitoring. The present invention does not consume a significant amount of blood. Some embodiments of the present invention can re-infuse the blood into the patient, which can facilitate operation of the system in a sterile manner.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method of screening and, optionally, treatment of an individual suffering from an insulin resistance disorder by screening an individual in need of treatment for an insulin resistance disorder for one or more genetic variations indicating a predisposition to a response to an insulin sensitizer; and, optionally, administering or not administering an insulin sensitizer to the individual based on the results of the screening. The insulin sensitizer for which the individual is screened and the insulin sensitizer that is administered or not administered may be the same or different. In another aspect, the invention provides methods comprising identifying one or more genetic variations, e.g., one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms, that at least partly differentiate between a subset of a plurality of individuals who experience a response when administered an insulin sensitizer, and a subset of said plurality of individuals who do not experience a response when administered the insulin sensitizer. The invention also provides nucleic acids, polypeptides, antibodies, kits, and business methods associated with these screening and association methods.

A method of glucose level control, comprising providing at least one electrode adapted to apply an electric field to a pancreas; and applying an electric field to the pancreas using said at least one electrode such that blood glucose levels are significantly reduced and blood insulin levels are not significantly increased.

The present invention is concerned with a method for improving blood glucose control or for preventing or treating a condition requiring increasing insulin sensitivity or reducing insulin resistance in a subject in need of such control which comprises administering to the subject a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more quinones of Formula I.

A system and a method for monitoring individual metabolic responses and generating nutritional feedback based on the monitored responses in a qualified subject are disclosed. Measurements of glucose level in the subject are consecutively performed by a measuring device to generate corresponding first data. Subsequently, data is transmitted to an analysis device, where second data representing glycemic responses is generated from a time-series of glucose level measurements represented by the first data. In a next step, the second data is compared with a predetermined individual glycemic response budget for the subject which represents a total amount of individual glycemic responses allowable for a certain time period. Finally, feedback corresponding to the result of the comparison is provided by an output device.

The invention relates to a method for minimizing mean blood glucose levels in an insulin dependent patient by administering insulin to the patient in a sufficiently fast manner to provide a difference of 50% or less between high and low blood glucose levels. Advantageously, the insulin is administered to the patient by jet injection and the high and low blood glucose levels differ by an amount that is less than that which would be obtained after injection of insulin by a conventional needle syringe. The invention also relates to a method for reducing mean blood glucose levels in an insulin dependent patient that is receiving insulin through a conventional syringe and needle arrangement. This method provides for administration of the insulin to the patient by jet injection rather than by the syringe by substituting a jet injector for the syringe.

The present invention provides a microorganism-derived soluble coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase which catalyzes a reaction for oxidizing glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor, has an activity to maltose as low as 5% or less, and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The invention also provides a method for producing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, and a method and a reagent for measuring employing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase. According to the invention, the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase can be applied to an industrial field, and a use becomes possible also in a material production or analysis including a method for measuring or eliminating glucose in a sample using the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase as well as a method for producing an organic compound. It became also possible to provide a glucose sensor capable of accurately measuring a blood sugar level. Therefore, it became possible to provide an enzyme having a high utility, such as an ability of being used for modifying a material in the fields of pharmaceuticals, clinical studies and food products.

A method of presenting glucose data to a person with diabetes from a blood glucose meter is provided in which an effective meal average (EMA) value is presented, followed by two or more of the individual values that make up the EMA, to provide improved feedback data for clinical decisions by patients who need to alter their dose of insulin. The EMA can also comprise a measure of the variability of its constituent values. The EMA encompasses those values that occur at specified times such as 1 hour before and 1 hour after a specified meal time. The EMA is calculated over a limited number of days previous to the calculation (e.g., 3 days) and has a minimum number of values that must be obtained within the time and date ranges. An algorithm allows for exclusion of any given reading from the average (e.g., post-prandial or control solution readings). Patients can use 1 to 8 EMA on any given date range (e.g., preferably 4, that is, breakfast, lunch, supper and bedtime snack).

Systems and methods for providing sensitive and specific alarms indicative of glycemic condition are provided herein. In an embodiment, a method of processing sensor data by a continuous analyte sensor includes: evaluating sensor data using a first function to determine whether a real time glucose value meets a first threshold; evaluating sensor data using a second function to determine whether a predicted glucose value meets a second threshold; activating a hypoglycemic indicator if either the first threshold is met or if the second threshold is predicted to be met; and providing an output based on the activated hypoglycemic indicator.

The present invention relates to the finding that certain DPP-4 inhibitors are particularly suitable for treating and/or preventing metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, in patients with insufficient glycemic control despite a therapy with an oral and/or a non-oral antidiabetic drug.

Described and illustrated is a system for management of diabetes that includes an infusion pump, glucose sensor and controller with a method programmed into the controller. The infusion pump is configured to deliver insulin to a subject. The glucose sensor is configured to sense glucose levels in the subject and provide output signals representative of the glucose levels in the subject. The controller is programmed to switchover from one mode of MPC control based on a predetermined range of blood glucose values to another MPC mode based on a predetermined target.

An electronic computing device as presented here includes a device communications layer, a processor device, and a reporting layer. The device communications layer receives sensor data for a user of an insulin infusion device, wherein the sensor data indicates blood glucose levels of the user for a specified period of time, and over a plurality of days. The processor device analyzes the received sensor data to detect an event occurrence indicative of a correctable basal rate setting of the insulin infusion device. The reporting layer generates a report containing a graphical representation of the received sensor data and a recommendation to adjust a basal rate setting of the insulin infusion device, wherein the recommendation is intended to address the detected event occurrence.