This disclosure relates to the field of
RNA to prevent or treat multiple infectious agents. In particular, the present disclosure relates to methods and agents for
vaccination against
coronavirus infection, influenza infection, and / or RSV infection and inducing effective
coronavirus, influenza
virus, and / or RSV
antigen-specific immune responses such as
antibody and / or
T cell responses. Specifically, in one embodiment, the present disclosure relates to methods comprising administering to a subject (i) a bivalent
RNA vaccine encoding peptides or proteins comprising epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (S proteins) and (ii) a tetravalent
RNA vaccine encoding peptides or proteins comprising epitopes of
hemagglutinin (HA), for inducing an immune response against
coronavirus S proteins, in particular S proteins of SARS-CoV-2, and influenza proteins, in particular HA proteins of type A and type B influenza viruses, in the subject.