103 results about "Immune complex" patented technology

The invention provides an immunodetection method of a multi-index immune checkpoint detection kit, which belongs to the technical field of immunodetection and comprises three main stages of sample preparation, immune reaction and data analysis. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out centrifugal separation to obtain a plasma sample, and preparing a fluorescent microsphere coupled capture antibody and biotin labeled detection antibody compound; then carrying out immune reaction, forming a sandwich type immune complex through specific binding, and adding streptavidin marked by phycoerythrin for signal amplification. Detecting a fluorescence signal by adopting a flow cytometer to obtain an original data matrix; a contribution feature vector, a utility feature vector and an expression feature matrix are extracted through a feature decomposition algorithm, and a deep learning model of a total-score-total structure is established for data analysis. Finally, a detection report containing a quantitative result, an importance score and reliability evaluation is generated, and the technical problem that in the prior art, the analysis accuracy of a multi-index immune checkpoint detection result is insufficient is solved.

A reagent combination, a kit, a detection system and a detection method for detecting a small molecule substance. In the condition that a solution to be tested does not contain or contains a small amount of the small molecule substance, an antibody binds to a substrate protein conjugate to form an immune complex, a stem-loop structure is generated by means of a complementary pairing among a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, a first fluorescent group excites a second fluorescent group to emit a second fluorescence on the basis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and the content of the small molecule substance is calculated. In the condition that the solution to be tested contains a large amount of the small molecule substance, the immune complex and the stem-loop structure cannot be formed, and the second fluorescent group cannot emit the second fluorescent.

The invention discloses a biochemical immunodetection device and a biochemical immunodetection method for ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate, and belongs to the technical field of ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate detection. The ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate detection device comprises a detection box and a lifter at the bottom of the detection box, a dissolution preparation part and a centrifugal part are arranged in the detection box, and the dissolution preparation part can fully dissolve an ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate-containing medicament; the centrifugal part is used for carrying out precipitation separation on the dissolved medicament; the detector can accurately collect fluorescence signals of the immune complex; according to the ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate detection device, the integrated operation of detection test tube fixing, cover opening and transferring, medicament adding, cover closing and plug sealing and dissolving is achieved, the steps of automatic medicament filling, sealing and the like are achieved, the medicament preparation efficiency is greatly improved, efficient and accurate detection of ursodesoxycholic acid reduzate is further achieved, and the detection efficiency is improved. And complex and tedious manual operation is avoided, and the situation that the sample is easily polluted by manual operation is avoided.

The present disclosure concerns a microfluidic method of assaying antibody secreting cells (ASCs), comprising the steps of isolating ASCs within droplets such that each droplet encapsulates only one ASC; incubating the droplets of step a) to accumulate antibodies within the droplets; picoinjecting virus into the droplets of step b) to form immune complex droplets; picoinjecting host cells into the immune complex droplets to form neutralised droplets and infected droplets; and sorting the infected droplets from the neutralised droplets, b based on infection of the host cells by the virus, to assay the ASCs within the neutralised droplets. The present disclosure also concerns a microfluidic platform thereof.

The invention relates to an SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) immune probe and a preparation method thereof as well as an SERS immune detection method and application thereof. The preparation method of the SERS immune probe comprises the following steps: (1) synthesizing Pd-Au-Ag NCs: taking a silver nanocube as a sacrificial template, and preparing the Pd-Au-Ag NCs through a couple replacement reaction; and (2) modification: marking 4-mercaptobenzoic acid on the surface of the Pd-Au-Ag NCs, and coupling anti-human IgG (Immunoglobulin G) to obtain the SERS immune probe. According to the SERS immune probe and the preparation method thereof as well as the SERS immune detection method and application thereof, the targeted SERS immune probe is prepared, porous silicon for forming an immune substrate by fixing CCP is taken as a substrate, and Anti-CCP is combined with the immune probe after the immune substrate captures Anti-CCP, so that a sandwich immune compound is formed, and the SERS immune probe is used for detecting the anti-CCP in the SERS immune probe. Therefore, the immunodetection method has excellent reproducibility and sensitivity.

Disclosed herein is a method for treating immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) with the factor B inhibitor iptacopan or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g., iptacopan hydrochloride).

This invention discloses a quantitative test strip for HBV PreS1 antibody based on the AIE molecule, its preparation method, and its applications, relating to the fields of molecular biology, immunology, and biodetection technology. The test strip includes a sample pad, a labeling pad, a nitrocellulose membrane (NC membrane), an absorbent pad, and a base plate. The NC membrane detection line is coated with HBV PreS1 antigen to capture PreS1 antibodies in the sample. The labeling pad contains an immobilized Anti-Human IgG antibody conjugated to the AIE molecule, which binds to the PreS1 antibodies in the sample to form an immune complex. The test strip of this invention enables rapid detection of PreS1 antibodies and achieves enhanced fluorescence in the detection results. Combined with a fluorescence reader or fluorescence card reader, the detection results can be digitally and quantitatively analyzed. It is simple to operate, rapid in detection, and significantly improves detection sensitivity and enables quantitative analysis.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method for detecting an anti-drug antibody (ADA) in a sample, comprising: a) pre-treating the sample at a high temperature to dissociate the ADA: drug immune complex in the sample; b) isolating the ADA from the sample by a matrix; c) retrieving the ADA from the matrix using a buffer, and d) detecting the ADA in a cell-based assay or an in vitro assay.

The invention belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering antibodies, and particularly relates to an antibody for non-competitive detection of aflatoxin B1 and application of the antibody. The antibody comprises a nano antibody of an anti-aflatoxin B1 antigen-antibody immune complex and a monoclonal antibody of the anti-aflatoxin B1; the amino acid sequence of the nano antibody of the anti-aflatoxin B1 antigen-antibody immune complex is as shown in SEQ ID NO. 1; the monoclonal antibody for resisting aflatoxin B1 comprises a heavy chain and a light chain; the amino acid of the heavy chain is as shown in SEQ ID NO.10, and the amino acid of the light chain is as shown in SEQ ID NO.11. The antibody for non-competitive detection of aflatoxin B1 provided by the invention is low in cost, can be prepared on a large scale through a prokaryotic expression system, is simple and convenient to prepare, has strong operability, and can be applied to non-competitive immunological analysis of aflatoxin B1.

The application relates to a preparation method and application of a sandwich type photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on a Bi2S3 / BiOCl composite material, and belongs to the field of novel functional materials and biosensing detection technology; the Bi2S3 / BiOCl composite material is used as a base material, and visible light is used as a light source to obtain a photoelectric current; the two components of the base material are well matched in bands, greatly improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, so that a large output signal is obtained; different concentrations of the NSE solution to be measured result in different amounts of immune complexes, further resulting in different degrees of influence on photoelectric signals; the sensor shows high sensitivity, a wide detection range and a low detection limit to target objects, can realize rapid and sensitive determination of NSE in human serum, and has great application value for judging diseases of patients in the clinic.

The application discloses a preparation method of a photoelectrochemical immunosensor for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen + The signal amplification strategy of liposomes and Bi2S3@BiOI heterojunction as a base material are used to successfully construct a PEC immunosensor of Bi2S3@BiOI / Ag2S ternary heterojunction, and the PEC immunosensor is used for detecting the content of carcinoembryonic antigen. Specifically, a sandwich immunocomplex is formed through specific recognition of the aptamer fixed on the magnetic beads, the aptamer labeled on the liposomes and CEA, methanol as a demulsifier is added, the liposomes are broken to release a large number of signal molecules Ag + . The released Ag + is transferred to the surface of the electrode modified by Bi2S3@BiOI to form Ag2S with a narrow band gap in situ, the ternary heterojunction of Bi2S3@BiOI / Ag2S is formed due to the existence of the energy level matching relationship, the light absorption range is expanded, the separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs is accelerated, the photocurrent signal is enhanced, and the purpose of signal amplification is achieved.

This disclosure relates to RNAi agents capable of inhibiting complement factor B (CFB) gene expression. Pharmaceutical compositions containing CFB RNAi agents and methods of use thereof are also disclosed. The CFB RNAi agents disclosed herein may be conjugated to a targeted ligand containing an N-acetyl-galactosamine ligand to facilitate in vivo delivery to hepatocytes. RNAi agents can be used in methods of treating diseases, disorders, or conditions partially mediated by CFB gene expression, including IgA nephropathy (IgAN), C3 glomerulopathy (C3G), immune complex-mediated membrane proliferative glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN), lupus nephritis (LN), anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease (anti-GBM), ischemia-reperfusion injury and T-cell-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation (TCMR), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including early and / or intermediate-stage AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), glaucoma, Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), pre-eclampsia, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and / or other complement-mediated disorders.

Provided is a method for determining the likelihood of the onset of IgA nephropathy or the activity of the IgA nephropathy by means of a liquid biopsy of blood other than a highly invasive kidney biopsy or conventionally used proteinuria or hematuria. The present invention is a method for determining the likelihood of the onset of IgA nephropathy or the activity of the disease in a subject animal, said method comprising the steps of: (a) measuring an IgA nephropathy marker protein contained in an IgA immune complex in a blood sample collected from the subject animal; and (b) determining the likelihood of the onset or the activity of the IgA nephropathy in the test animal on the basis of the amount of the IgA nephropathy marker protein, which is a protein contained in an IgA immune complex, measured in the step (a), the IgA nephropathy marker protein being a protein contained in an IgA immune complex, and the IgA nephropathy marker protein being a protein contained in an IgA immune complex. The content of the IgA immune complex in the group of IgA nephropathy patients is greater than the content of the IgA immune complex in the group of healthy persons.

The application discloses a kind of lipoprotein detection reagent and lipoprotein detection method, it is related to biochemical detection technical field, the lipoprotein detection reagent includes R1 reagent and R2 reagent, wherein, the R1 reagent includes anti apolipoprotein B antibody, the R2 reagent includes latex microsphere coated with lipoprotein specificity antibody. Wherein, anti apolipoprotein B antibody can preliminarily enrich target lipoprotein and form immune complex to amplify detection signal, and lipoprotein specificity antibody can specifically recognize target protein and form immune complex-lipoprotein specificity antibody-latex microsphere complex, further amplify detection signal, significantly improve the detection sensitivity of reagent.

The invention provides a separated nucleic acid molecule. The nucleotide sequence of the separated nucleic acid molecule is shown as SEQ ID NO. 1. The invention also provides an antibody coded by the nucleic acid molecule. The invention also provides a carrier which contains the nucleic acid molecule. The invention also provides a method for producing the antibody. The method comprises the following steps: transfecting antibody expression plasmids in competent cells, culturing, collecting cell supernatant, centrifuging to remove precipitate, purifying antibody protein, collecting eluent, and concentrating to obtain the antibody. The invention also provides an application of the antibody, the carrier or the pharmaceutical composition in preparation of drugs for treating autoimmune diseases. The antibody disclosed by the invention can be specifically combined with FcRn and Fc gamma Rs, is a potent inhibitor for FcRn-mediated IgG recirculation and Fc gamma R-dependent immune complex activation, is a therapeutic drug for autoimmune diseases, and has huge potential.

This application discloses antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to estradiol, immune complexes comprising the same, single-chain antibodies that specifically bind to the immune complexes, methods for their preparation, and uses. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binding to estradiol comprises a first heavy chain variable region and a first light chain variable region; wherein the first heavy chain variable region comprises first heavy chain CDR1, first heavy chain CDR2, and first heavy chain CDR3, and the first light chain variable region comprises first light chain CDR1, first light chain CDR2, and first light chain CDR3, and each of the six CDRs comprises an amino acid fragment with the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1-6. Applying this antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binding to estradiol, along with ScFv selected based on it, to the sandwich method for detecting E2 in serum can significantly reduce background signal and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

The application relates to a thyroglobulin detection kit and a detection method, a sample puncture detection needle and application. The kit comprises a sample diluent and a sample puncture detection needle; a first coated carrier and a second coated carrier are sequentially arranged in the needle barrel along the axial direction of the needle barrel; the first coated carrier and the second coated carrier are matched with the gap of the needle barrel; the first coated carrier is close to the end of the needle head, the outer side of the first coated carrier is coated with a material capable of specifically combining with an antibody or an antigen of a human species; the second coated carrier is arranged at the end away from the needle head, and the outer side of the second coated carrier is coated with a material capable of specifically combining with an immune complex; a colorimetric card is arranged on the outer wall of the needle barrel. The technical problem solved is how to realize on-site rapid detection of the antibody or antigen concentration in the thyroglobulin, and overcome the defects that the prior art cannot meet the instantaneity and on-site nature of the operation.

This invention relates to the field of biological detection, and more particularly to the preparation method and application of the t-PAI·C detection kit. The invention provides a detection reagent comprising: antibody-coated magnetic microparticles and enzyme-labeled antibodies; the antibodies include: tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex antibody. In the detection reagent provided by this invention, when the sample contains the tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex, the antibody coated with the magnetic microparticles and the enzyme-labeled antibody undergo an immune reaction with the complex, forming a sandwich-like immune complex consisting of the antibody coated with the magnetic microparticles, the complex, and the enzyme-labeled antibody; the enzyme on this complex acts on a luminescent substrate and emits light, and the concentration of the complex in the sample is calculated by detecting the luminescence signal.

The invention discloses a high-sensitivity Tau-441 electrochemical immunosensor based on a nano material synergistic amplification effect as well as a preparation method and application of the high-sensitivity Tau-441 electrochemical immunosensor. According to the sensor, a silk-screen printing electrode (SPE) is used as a substrate, a PEDOT: PSS / MWCNTs-COOH nanocomposite modified working electrode is used as a sensing platform, and electron transfer is promoted by using the large specific surface area and excellent conductivity of the PEDOT: PSS / MWCNTs-COOH nanocomposite modified working electrode. Meanwhile, gold-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-coated AuNPs) are prepared as a signal probe, and the magnetic separation and enrichment function of Fe3O4 and the biocompatibility and catalytic activity of the gold nanoparticles are combined. The sandwich immune complex is constructed by adopting a homogeneous reaction mode, so that the mass transfer resistance is effectively reduced, and the detection time is shortened. The sensor has an extremely low detection limit (19.68 fgmL <-1 >) and a wide linear range on an Alzheimer's disease marker Tau-441, is high in specificity and good in stability, and is suitable for early-stage rapid screening of human plasma samples.

The application provides a single-chain antibody for sandwich detection of estradiol and a complex antibody thereof and application thereof, wherein the sequence of the single-chain antibody for sandwich detection of estradiol is shown in SEQ.ID No.1; the sequences of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 of the heavy chain variable region of the complex antibody for sandwich detection of estradiol are shown in SEQ.ID No.2, SEQ.ID No.3 and SEQ.ID No.4 respectively; and the sequences of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 of the light chain variable region are shown in SEQ.ID No.5, SEQ.ID No.6 and SEQ.ID No.7 respectively. The single-chain antibody of the application can specifically combine with small molecule estradiol to form an immune complex, the complex antibody of the application can specifically combine with the immune complex, and the single-chain antibody and the small molecule estradiol are not recognized, and can be applied to complex antibody sandwich method for detection of estradiol, and the sensitivity and accuracy of detection of small molecule estradiol are greatly improved.

The invention discloses a flow type single molecule detection probe and method based on rolling circle amplification and application in the technical field of biomolecule detection. The flow type single molecule detection probe comprises a plurality of groups of magnetic bead detection probes and antibody binding probes which are used in pairs, each magnetic bead detection probe comprises a superparamagnetic microsphere, and the surface of the superparamagnetic microsphere is covalently connected with a plurality of fixed antibody probes; each fixed antibody probe comprises a first antibody and a first fixed DNA chain; each antibody binding probe comprises a second antibody and a second fixed DNA chain; aiming at the same target antigen, the first antibody and the second antibody in the same group can be specifically combined with different epitopes of the target antigen to form a sandwich immune complex. According to the invention, the hairpin structure DNA probe is combined with the adjacent ligation and rolling circle amplification technology to form dual specific screening of immune recognition and DNA ligation, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of detection are remarkably improved, and the design complexity, development cost and cross reaction risk of a multi-target detection system are greatly reduced.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical biosensors, and particularly relates to an enhanced Fabry-Perot microcavity sensor for ultralow-concentration biological detection. The sensing microcavity comprises a square capillary quartz tube, wherein high-reflectivity films are plated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the square capillary quartz tube; a liquid core area of the square tube is a micro-flow channel, and a polyethylene glycol polymerization promoting biomolecule solution is introduced into the micro-flow channel, so that the Fabry-Perot microcavity biosensor is obtained. According to the utility model, the square capillary quartz tube provides high-precision parallelism between the two reflectors, so that the diffraction and walk-off loss can be reduced, the mode volume in the cavity can be reduced, the light energy density can be increased, the strong interaction between light and substances can be realized, and the quality factor can be improved; polyethylene glycol can promote the polymerization of biomolecular protein, enhance the reaction of an antigen-antibody compound, and further promote the aggregation of an immune compound. The biosensor is simple in structure, convenient to prepare, good in repeatability and stability, high in response speed and free of surface modification and chemical labeling.

Methods for treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, complement factor 3 glomerulopathy, or idiopathic immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis using MASP-3 serine protease inhibitors are provided. In some embodiments, the MASP-3 serine protease inhibitor is an anti-MASP-3 antibody. Use of MASP-3 serine protease inhibitors in the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, complement factor 3 glomerulopathy, or idiopathic immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, and for the manufacture of a medicament for treating paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, complement factor 3 glomerulopathy, or idiopathic immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis, is also provided. TIFF2025537131000011.tif104156

This invention discloses a chemiluminescent immunoassay method, comprising the following steps: labeling disulfide-bonded biotin or desulfobiotin onto affinity ligand one to form complex one; labeling a luminescent compound onto affinity ligand two to form complex two; mixing the sample with a solid-phase carrier containing complex one, complex two, and streptavidin-coupled compound to form an immunosandwich complex; processing the immunosandwich complex to release the immunosandwich complex from the solid-phase carrier; separating the immunosandwich complex from the solid-phase carrier; detecting the total luminescent signal value of the separated immunosandwich complex; and calculating the concentration of the analyte based on the total luminescent signal value. This invention releases the immunosandwich complex from the solid-phase carrier, uses a magnetic field to attract the solid-phase carrier, and measures the supernatant of the released immunosandwich complex. Solid-phase carriers containing non-specific adsorption cannot enter the measurement chamber, completely eliminating the problem of non-specific adsorption on the surface of magnetic beads.

The invention discloses a kit for quantitatively detecting an HBsAg-HBsAb immune complex and application of the kit. The kit provided by the invention is a detection kit based on an ELISA sandwich method, a novel double-antibody sandwich ELISA detection platform provided by the invention adopts an HBsAg specific mSA1 antibody as a capture carrier, and efficient solid phase coating is realized through specific binding of the HBsAg specific mSA1 antibody with HBsAg; meanwhile, an anti-human IgG-HRP conjugate is introduced as a detection antibody, and high-sensitivity and high-specificity quantitative detection of the HBsAg-HBsAb immune complex is realized by utilizing special epitopes of different subtypes of human IgG and the catalytic amplification effect of HRP. The detection kit disclosed by the invention provides a reliable tool for quantitatively detecting the HBsAg-HBsAb immune complex for clinical use.

Based on a monkey pox virus immunodiagnosis technology based on up-conversion and long-afterglow nanoparticles, the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the long-afterglow and up-conversion nanoparticles by adopting a hydrothermal method and a solvothermal method respectively, and constructing the antibody-modified UCNP and PLNP nano probe by utilizing an EDC-NHS cross-linking system after carboxylation modification. The two nanoprobes and an antigen form an immune complex in a double antibody sandwich mode, the UCNPs is excited to emit light at the wavelength of 980 nm, the UCNPs and the PLNPs generate an LRET effect, an obvious signal peak is detected at the wavelength of 700 nm, and the fluorescence signal intensity is in direct proportion to the antigen content. The detection technology is portable and high in sensitivity, the detection limit is as low as the pg / ml level, and the monkey pox virus antigen standard substance can be detected in the range of 1 mg / ml to 1 ng / ml. According to the immunodetection technology provided by the invention, the detection of various pathogens can be realized by replacing antibody combinations aiming at different antigen epitopes, and the application potential in the aspect of infectious disease diagnosis is huge.

The application belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials and biological analysis, and particularly relates to a ratio type photoelectrochemical analysis method based on multifunctional CeO2 / CdS and interface etching. First, a multifunctional CeO2 / CdS nanocomposite is synthesized by an in-situ growth method, and the nanocomposite has photoelectric properties of CdS and CeO2 peroxidase activity; second, a beacon antibody labeled with nanogold and glucose oxidase is prepared by an electrostatic adsorption method, a target protein, the beacon antibody and an antibody coated on an enzyme-labeled microplate are mixed and incubated to form an immune complex, and after glucose is added, H2O2 is generated by catalysis of the glucose oxidase on the beacon antibody; the generated H2O2 is catalyzed by CeO2 in the CeO2 / CdS nanocomposite to generate hydroxyl radicals, and in-situ etching of CdS in the electrode interface reduces the photocurrent, and a photocurrent intensity ratio (Iw / Ic) of a double-channel electrode has a linear relationship with the concentration of the target protein, so that quantitative analysis can be realized. The application has a sensitive response to the detection of proteins and has a fast detection speed.

The invention provides an immune detection method of an immune checkpoint detection kit, and belongs to the technical field of immune checkpoint detection kits.The immune detection method comprises the steps that an immune reaction system containing immune checkpoint antibodies is prepared, incubation is conducted under the constant temperature condition to form a sandwich type immune complex, and the sandwich type immune complex is obtained; phycoerythrin labeled streptavidin is added for fluorescence labeling, a flow cytometer is adopted for fluorescence signal detection after interference substances are removed through multiple times of cleaning, fluorescence image data are processed through an image partitioning optimization model, image processing parameters are dynamically adjusted through a signal enhancement algorithm function and a gating weight function, and the fluorescence image is obtained. A multi-scale feature extraction network based on a visual converter architecture is adopted to realize accurate processing of a complex fluorescence image, finally correlation analysis and matrix decomposition calculation are performed on fluorescence intensity data, and a detection analysis model is established to output index concentration values of immune checkpoints. The problem that complex fluorescence image data are difficult to process accurately at present is solved.

Methods and compositions for use in generating or promoting an immune response to cancer or an infection, comprising promoting differentiation of neutrophils into dendritic cells using a combination of GMCSF and (i) an immune complex comprising an antigen and an antibody comprising an Fc region that binds to FcγRIIA or FcγRIIIB, (ii) a conjugate comprising an antigen and an anti-FcγRIIIB antibody, or (iii) an anti-FcγRIIIB antibody.

The application discloses application of a CK2 inhibitor CX4945 in preparation of a medicine for preventing and / or treating lupus nephritis, and provides the CK2 inhibitor CX4945 which can significantly reduce kidney immune complex and complement C3 deposition of a lupus animal model, effectively reduce a urine protein / cratin ratio, and has no obvious side effect, and can be prepared into a lupus immunotherapy medicine, and simultaneously provides a new combined treatment mode. The medicine can be prepared into an oral medicine, is convenient for treatment, and has high patient compliance.