79 results about "Enterococcus faecalis" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of antibacterial active microorganisms, and particularly relates to a strain of diffusion carbon pad bacteria LUCF 4343-3, a bacterial agent and application of the bacterial agent in preparation of an antibacterial preparation. According to the invention, an endophytic fungus strain with remarkable antibacterial potential is successfully separated from Parmotrema, and the endophytic fungus strain is identified as diffusion carbon pad fungus LUCF 4343-3. Experiments show that an ethyl acetate extract of the strain shows a good inhibition effect on various clinical common pathogenic bacteria, including gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis), gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa), fungi (candida albicans and candida glabrata) and the like; the discovery provides an important basis for the application of the strain in the development of novel broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.

The invention discloses a functional probiotic composition and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of microbial engineering. Bifidobacterium longum, lactobacillus acidophilus and enterococcus faecalis are combined to serve as a microbial agent, the microbial agent and active substances of the tea leaves form a composition, then the composition is combined with prebiotics, it is ensured that viable bacteria directly reach the intestinal tract through a microencapsulation technology, and the effect of improving the immune function is achieved; tea polyphenol in the active substances of the tea leaves can serve as a carbon source of prebiotics to stimulate proliferation of the bifidobacterium longum and the lactobacillus acidophilus, so that the acid resistance and intestinal colonization capacity of the microbial inoculum are enhanced, and meanwhile, theanine in the active substances of the tea leaves, the bifidobacterium longum and the lactobacillus acidophilus synergistically promote secretion of gamma-aminobutyric acid, so that the effect of improving the intestinal colonization is achieved. And the tea polyphenol can inhibit the large intestine rod from adhering to the intestinal mucosa, and the probiotic agent secretes antibacterial peptide, so that the integrity of the intestinal barrier is maintained together.

The invention discloses a fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation for improving eggshell quality and a preparation method of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine preparation, Chinese herbal medicines mainly comprise motherwort, folium artemisiae argyi, radix isatidis and jujube powder, and fermentation probiotics mainly comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomycetes. The fermented traditional Chinese medicine preparation produced by the invention has the effects of improving intestinal health and immunity and improving oxidation resistance and stress resistance of laying hens in laying hen production, so that the egg quality and eggshell quality of the laying hens are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of medicines, and particularly discloses application of a Xinjiang medicine mulberry extract in preparation of a medicine for treating or preventing periapical periodontitis, which is technically characterized in that the Xinjiang medicine mulberry extract is found and proved to have a remarkable inhibition effect on periapical periodontitis key pathogenic bacterium enterococcus faecalis for the first time, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is 0.604 mg / mL, and the Xinjiang medicine mulberry extract has a remarkable inhibition effect on the periapical periodontitis key pathogenic bacterium enterococcus faecalis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is 1.875 mg / mL, and a biological membrane can be effectively inhibited and removed; in-vivo experiments of a rat periapical periodontitis model prove that the extract can remarkably reduce the number of bacteria in root canals and relieve periapical bone destruction, the curative effect is equivalent to that of calcium hydroxide, and the extract is non-toxic to main organs and high in biocompatibility. The invention provides a new candidate and a clear technical scheme for developing an efficient and low-toxicity natural plant source root canal disinfectant.

The invention discloses a modified chitosan compound with a function of promoting healing of seawater soaking wounds. The modified chitosan compound DGCS prepared by the invention has good biological activity, has a remarkable promotion effect on cell proliferation, and is enhanced along with the increase of concentration; the inflammation level in cells can be reduced; the healing of a seawater soaking wound can be promoted. An antibacterial experiment shows that the DGCS has good antibacterial activity on escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The invention provides bacillus mojavensis and belongs to the technical field of microorganisms. The preservation number of the bacillus mojavensis VT275 is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.29974. The bacillus mojavensis VT275 can be used for effectively inhibiting common skin pathogenic bacteria and food-borne pathogenic bacteria, such as staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, listeria monocytogenes, shigella, enterococcus faecalis and the like. The bacillus mojavensis VT275 disclosed by the invention can be used for preventing or treating skin diseases such as specific dermatitis or controlling food-borne infection, and has a good application prospect in the fields of medicines, cosmetics, edible microorganisms, feed microorganisms and the like.

The present application relates to the technical field of extraction and utilization of chemical substances in walnut green husk, and particularly relates to a production process of urolithin A, in particular to the following steps: obtaining walnut green husk; preparing a fermentation substrate: crushing the walnut green husk into a slurry and adding a stabilizing solution, stirring uniformly and then performing ultrasonic treatment to obtain the fermentation substrate, the stabilizing solution being an aqueous solution of a compound of mercapto-beta-cyclodextrin and chitosan; first fermentation: inoculating microbial liquid A for anaerobic fermentation, then filtering and collecting the filtrate, the microbial liquid A being obtained by inoculating Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus coagulans into culture medium A respectively for activation by shaking culture and then mixing; second fermentation: inoculating microbial liquid B into the filtrate for anaerobic fermentation again, the microbial liquid B being obtained by inoculating Enterococcus faecalis into culture medium B for culture; and extraction, wherein the present application significantly improves the yield and conversion rate of urolithin A by adding the stabilizing solution to the walnut green husk and performing two-stage fermentation, and is safe, environmentally friendly and industrialized.

The invention features E. faecalis phage-derived antimicrobial agent (efagins). The invention also features compositions and methods of using the efagins to treat bacterial infections.

The invention discloses a glycosyl hydrolase derived from intestinal bacteria and application of the glycosyl hydrolase. A glycosyl hydrolase gene for catalyzing trillioside to be hydrolyzed into diosgenin is cloned from intestinal microorganism enterococcus faecalis for the first time, and protein coded by the glycosyl hydrolase gene is identified as multifunctional glycosyl hydrolase; the diosgenin can be catalyzed to generate diosgenin, and the hydrolysis of other saponins such as steroid saponin and C3, C6 and C21 glycosyl of ginsenoside can be catalyzed, so that a basis is provided for the biological enzymolysis of the diosgenin and other saponins or sapogenin. Meanwhile, biological enzymolysis of the diosgenin makes up for the defects of high production cost, serious environmental pollution and the like of a traditional acid hydrolysis method, and the diosgenin has a great application prospect.

The invention discloses a special bioactive soft granular feed for crayfish breeding and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 to 8 parts of fish meal, 15 to 25 parts of puffed soybean meal, 5 to 11 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 to 12 parts of wheat bran, 2.5 to 5.5 parts of compound lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis), 3 to 7 parts of shrimp meal, 1 to 3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 to 30 parts of modified cassava starch, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of fish oil, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of premix, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of vegetable oil, and 15 to 33 parts of fresh maggot paste. The formula of the present invention is more reasonable, nutritionally comprehensive, and each component can be better matched to meet the nutritional needs of crayfish, and can better promote the growth of crayfish, especially in that modified cassava starch and fresh maggot paste are added to the formula, and granulation is carried out at low temperature or room temperature, which can retain the biological activity in the feed to the greatest extent, improve the proportion of animal protein, and be more conducive to crayfish absorption. At the same time, the feed solubility rate is lower, the stability in water is stronger, the feed utilization rate is effectively improved, and the cost of protein raw materials is reduced.

The invention belongs to the field of biological pharmacy, and particularly relates to a chalcanthicidin compound and application thereof. The invention discloses a chalcanthicidin compound which is separated from a secondary metabolite of marine actinomycetes Streptomyces sp. KCB-132 (marine actinomycetes sp. KCB-132). Pharmacological activity experiments show that the compound has a moderate inhibition effect on ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria with multiple drug resistance, such as enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii and escherichia coli. Therefore, the compound has the potential of being developed into a novel antibacterial agent.

This invention discloses two ferulic acid esterase-producing strains isolated from baijiu daqu (fermentation starter) makers: *Enterococcus faecalis* L-7 and *Burkholderia burgdorferi* BK100. These strains are deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC), with accession numbers CCTCC NO.M 20221555 and CCTCC NO.M 20221553, respectively. Optimization of the fermentation conditions for *Enterococcus faecalis* L-7 revealed that the optimal fermentation conditions were: 32℃, 160 r / min, and an inoculum size of 6%, for 96 h. During this period, the strain exhibited the highest ferulic acid esterase activity, reaching 44.68 U / L, a 68.92% increase compared to the unoptimized 26.45 U / L. *Burkholderia burgdorferi* BK100, characterized by high ferulic acid esterase activity and high-temperature resistance, is suitable for daqu preparation and baijiu brewing, and can increase ferulic acid content and improve baijiu quality.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly quantifying live bacteria coated with enterococcus faecium in feed and feed additives. The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a rapid quantification method for coating enterococcus faecium viable bacteria in feed and feed additives. The quantitative detection method for the viable bacteria of the coated enterococcus faecium in the feed and the feed additive comprises the following steps: 1) releasing the coated enterococcus faecium in the feed and the feed additive, and separating the viable bacteria of the enterococcus faecium; (2) carrying out molecular identification on the enterococcus faecium viable bacteria obtained in the step (1) by adopting enterococcus faecium specific identification primers; (3) analyzing the viable enterococcus faecium by adopting a quantitative equation to obtain the content of the viable coated enterococcus faecium in the feed and the feed additive.The method successfully solves the technical bottleneck that the viable coated enterococcus faecium is difficult to accurately quantify, shows excellent repeatability, stability and sensitivity, and has a good application prospect.

A kind of fermentation processing method and production equipment system of Gongfu black tea, the Gongfu black tea is formed tea mixture by adding lophatherum gracile, dried tangerine or orange peel and jasmine petals in tea leaves, withering, fermentation, shaping and drying, the fermentation includes pre-fermentation and complete fermentation, wherein pre-fermentation is the self-oxidation fermentation of tea leaves, complete fermentation is microbial fermentation, specifically, first step fermentation is carried out by using acetic acid bacteria and enterococcus faecalis to form compound microbial inoculant, then abnormal hansenula is added to carry out second step fermentation.In the present application, the differences in raw material fermentation process of each component during fermentation are overcome, which leads to the problems of sour and stale taste, etc.in tea leaves.The types and content of aroma substances are increased, and the problem of insufficient infusion resistance of loose tea is solved.The Gongfu black tea prepared by the present application has red and bright golden ring tea soup color, the ratio of teaflavins, theabrownins and thearubigins is coordinated, so that the tea soup is sweet and smooth with honey aroma when entering the mouth, and the aroma is long-lasting in cold cup.

This invention belongs to the field of peptide drugs, specifically relating to an anti-drug-resistant bacterial peptide and its application in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Using Rink amide MBHA amino resin as a solid-phase support, the amino acid sequence of the template peptide raniseptin PL:Ac-GVFDTVKKIGKAVGKFALGVAKNYLNS-NH2 was modified, with amino acid residues 9I and 16F replaced by R8 and S5, respectively, to obtain the target stapling peptide PL-11. Compared to the template peptide PL-0, the stapling peptide PL-11 significantly enhances the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-performance polypropylene, and discloses an antibacterial polypropylene composite material, a preparation method thereof and a medicine bottle. The antibacterial polypropylene composite material is prepared from polypropylene, composite antibacterial particles, a lubricant and the like. Wherein the polypropylene accounts for 78-87.3%, the composite antibacterial particles account for 10-18%, the lubricant accounts for 1-2%, the antioxidant accounts for 0.5-2%, the flexibilizer accounts for 1-3%, and the nucleating agent accounts for 0.2-0.3%. The antibacterial polypropylene composite material disclosed by the invention has very high antibacterial property and mechanical property. The antibacterial polypropylene composite material not only has an antibacterial effect on common bacteria such as escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, but also has remarkable antibacterial activity on drug-resistant bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (VRE) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the outstanding antibacterial characteristic of the antibacterial polypropylene composite material is shown.

This invention belongs to the field of peptide drugs, specifically relating to an anti-drug-resistant bacterial peptide and its application in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Using Rink amide MBHA amino resin as a solid-phase support, the amino acid sequence of the template peptide raniseptin PL:Ac-GVFDTVKKIGKAVGKFALGVAKNYLNS-NH2 was modified, with amino acid residues 6V and 13V replaced by R8 and S5, respectively, to obtain the target stapling peptide PL-10. Compared to the template peptide PL-0, the stapling peptide PL-10 significantly enhances the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biocontrol microorganisms, and particularly relates to chaetomium globosum 5141-4, a fungicide and application of the chaetomium globosum 5141-4 and the fungicide. According to the invention, a chaetomium endophytic fungus is separated from the ground coat of litmus, and the chaetomium endophytic fungus is named as chaetomium globosum 5141-4. Through verification, the strain can effectively inhibit growth of fusarium oxysporum or colletotrichum gloeosporioides, has a good inhibition effect on six pathogenic bacteria including pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterococcus faecalis, and is expected to be used for preparing biocontrol products or further screening antibacterial active compounds.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of deodorization bacterial powder, and discloses a preparation method of compound microorganism bacterial powder for removing peculiar smell of pig manure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: providing vacuum drying bacterial powder of saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtilis and DNF409 denitrifying bacillus; and mixing the vacuum dried bacterial powder of the saccharomycetes, the enterococcus faecalis, the bacillus coagulans, the bacillus subtilis and the DNF409 denitrifying bacillus according to the mass ratio of 10%: 25%: 15%: 25%: 25% under the sterile condition to obtain the compound microbial bacterial powder. The invention aims to provide the composite microbial functional flora which can realize multi-dimensional targeted degradation of peculiar smell components in pig manure, and the timeliness is obviously superior to that of products in the prior art.

This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, and more particularly to *Providens skeletalus*, a high-lysine-producing strain, a compound microbial agent, and its applications. This invention isolates *Providens skeletalus* from the intestines of black soldier fly larvae. This strain exhibits high amino acid production, which can improve feed quality and reduce dependence on high-value protein sources. A combination of *Providens skeletalus* with *Enterococcus faecalis* and *Bacillus licheniformis* in a 1:1:1 ratio demonstrates excellent synergistic effects, efficiently degrading organic waste and promoting black soldier fly growth or the synthesis of microbial proteins rich in essential amino acids. This combination has significant application value in the field of organic waste resource utilization.

The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a feed additive for improving egg shell quality of laying hens and a preparation method thereof. The feed additive for improving the egg shell quality of the laying hens is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2 to 4 parts of taurine, 3 to 5 parts of radix angelicae sinensis, 3 to 5 parts of herba leonuri, 1 to 3 parts of iron glycinate, 2 to 3 parts of manganese glycinate, 0.5 to 1 part of zinc methionine, 0.1 to 0.4 part of selenium yeast, 0.1 to 0.2 part of 25-hydroxyD3, 3 to 5 parts of bile acid, 2 to 5 parts of enterococcus faecium, 1 to 2 parts of yeast cell wall polysaccharide, 2 parts of compound enzyme and 20 to 30 parts of montmorillonite. 40-50 parts of stone powder, 1 part of ethoxyquin and 10 parts of rice husk powder.

The present invention discloses a biological deodorant for garbage stations and a preparation method thereof, which belongs to the field of biological deodorization technology. The biological deodorant is formed by mixing carefully screened Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus plantarum to form a composite microbial community, and the composite bacterial agent stock solution is obtained after cultivation. The preparation of the microbial carrier adopts natural materials such as kaolin, zeolite, and diatomaceous earth, combined with chemical synthetic materials such as polyether polyols and isocyanates, and is subjected to high-temperature roasting and alkaline solution treatment to form a carrier with high adsorption and stability. Finally, the sterilized microbial carrier is immersed in the composite bacterial agent stock solution to prepare an efficient and stable biological deodorant. Compared with the existing technology, the biological deodorant prepared by this method shows excellent deodorization effect and long-term stability in a simulated garbage station environment, providing a new solution for odor control in environments such as garbage stations.

This invention belongs to the field of peptide drugs, specifically relating to an antibacterial peptide and its application in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Using Rink amide MBHA amino resin as a solid-phase support, the amino acid sequence of the template peptide raniseptin PL:Ac-GVFDTVKKIGKAVGKFALGVAKNYLNS-NH2 was modified, with amino acid residues 13V and 20V replaced by R8 and S5, respectively, to obtain the target stapling peptide PL-13. Compared to the template peptide PL-0, the stapling peptide PL-13 significantly enhances the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

This invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry feed technology, specifically disclosing a high-efficiency compound feed for fattening pigs that resists disease and prevents diarrhea, and its preparation method. The feed includes corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, compound functional premix, vegetable oil, dicalcium phosphate, fish meal, salt, citric acid, maifanite, and zeolite. The compound functional premix contains ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium iodate, lysine, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. The Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis are prepared using a multi-layer coating process. This invention utilizes the above-mentioned high-efficiency compound feed for fattening pigs that resists disease and prevents diarrhea, and its preparation method. This compound feed, through the scientific ratio of compound functional premix and basic feed, combined with innovative multi-layer coating technology and metal loading intercalation technology, achieves efficient colonization of probiotics and synergistic antibacterial effects, significantly improving the intestinal health and production performance of fattening pigs.

The invention belongs to the technical field of oral cavity, and particularly relates to application of probiotics in preparation of a product for accelerating movement of teratodontic teeth. The application innovatively discovers that the probiotic enterococcus faecalis can promote the movement efficiency of orthodontic teeth, is beneficial to shortening the orthodontic time of a patient and improving the orthodontic efficiency, and provides a new research idea for orthodontic treatment. The probiotic enterococcus faecalis is adopted to promote orthodontic dentists to move, infection risks are avoided, operation is convenient, the technical requirement is low, discomfort cannot be caused to patients, the cost is low, and the effect is stable.

The invention discloses a single-bacterium fermentation compounding method of cattle feed, and relates to the technical field of feed fermentation. Comprising the following steps: preparing a single-bacterium fermentation bacterial material, the single-bacterium fermentation bacterial material comprises 42.25-47.25 parts of wheat bran, 19-21 parts of soybean meal, 14.25-15.75 parts of corn flour, 19-21 parts of rice hull powder and 0.003-0.005 part of a bacterial liquid, and strains used by the bacterial liquid comprise six probiotics including saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis and lactobacillus acidophilus; the six probiotics are subjected to independent solid fermentation, the prepared fermentation fungus materials are compounded in proportion to obtain a compound fermentation fungus material, and the compound fermentation fungus material is fed according to cows with different weights. Through the technical route of single-bacterium independent fermentation, the problem of mutual inhibition generated during compound fermentation of various strains is avoided, high-density propagation of the strains in the fermentation process is guaranteed, the compounded feed can meet the nutritional requirements of cattle in different stages, and the yield of the cattle is improved. The feed digestion and absorption rate is effectively improved, the cattle immunity is enhanced, and the growth performance is promoted.

Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia, comprising lactic acid bacteria of Enterococcus genus as an active ingredient. The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can replace the conventional therapeutic agents against treating benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia, such as finasteride or dutasteride. In particular, by introducing heat-killed probiotics of Enterococcus faecalis, the effect of preventing or treating benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia can be further enhanced.

The invention discloses a condom added with sophocarpidine hyaluronic acid lubricating liquid and a preparation method of the condom, and belongs to the technical field of condom production. The core of the method is that after matrine is dissolved, the matrine is added into hyaluronic acid lubricating liquid for the condoms, the hyaluronic acid lubricating liquid containing the matrine is prepared through stirring and mixing, the concentration of the matrine in the hyaluronic acid lubricating liquid is 7.7-25.0 mg / g, when the condoms are subjected to inner packaging, the matrine-containing lubricating agent is added into the condoms, and when the condoms are subjected to inner packaging, the matrine-containing lubricating agent is added into the condoms. And preparing the condom added with the sophocarpidine-containing hyaluronic acid lubricating liquid. According to the condom, inflammation generated after vaginal epithelial cells are stimulated by bacterial structural components is improved through matrine, and the common pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus agalactiae of vaginitis are inhibited in the using process; and the up-regulation level of NF-kB phosphorylation generated after lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan stimulate vaginal epithelial cells is relieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of feeds, and discloses a functional probiotic-based daily ration formula for laying hens and a preparation method of the functional probiotic-based daily ration formula. Wheat middling is used as daily ration of laying hens, so that the function of reducing the breeding cost is achieved. The laying hen feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: corn, soybean meal, 15-30 parts of wheat middling, 0.1-0.2 part of compound probiotic dry powder, 5% laying hen premix and the like according to a scientific proportion, and the compound functional probiotic dry powder is prepared by compounding bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and enterococcus faecalis. According to the laying hen feed disclosed by the invention, bacillus revives and reproduces in intestinal tracts of laying hens and secretes hydrolases such as xylanase and protease in situ, anti-nutritional factors such as non-starch polysaccharides in wheat middling are efficiently degraded, and wrapped nutrient substances are released; and the lactic acid bacteria regulate the intestinal microecological balance through competitive rejection and maintain the intestinal health. The daily ration can significantly improve the utilization rate of wheat middling, improve the feed-egg ratio, effectively improve the eggshell strength and quality while ensuring the egg laying performance, and assist breeding cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

The invention relates to a microbubble drinking type tea yoghourt and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing tea juice, lemon juice, sodium citrate, raw milk and sugar, sterilizing, inoculating with a complex microbial inoculant for fermentation, and demulsifying to obtain the microbubble drinking type tea yoghourt, the strains in the complex microbial inoculant comprise a combination of streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus, lactococcus lactis subsp. Diacetyl, plant lactobacillus and leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides. In the invention, a complex microbial inoculant of four specific microbial strains is adopted to ferment the dairy product, and the four strains are further found to have a synergistic effect, so that the tissue state, the taste, the smell and the overall fusion effect of the tea yoghourt product prepared by final fermentation are further improved; the microbubble tea yoghourt beverage with excellent taste and stable tissue state is prepared.